Microencapsulation is a process where tiny particles or droplets of a core material are surrounded by a coating to form capsules in the micrometer to millimeter range called microcapsules. Various techniques are used to produce microcapsules including air suspension, pan coating, coacervation, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microencapsulation offers advantages like taste masking, sustained release, and protection of materials. Microcapsules find applications in pharmaceuticals for controlled drug delivery and replacement of non-orally administered drugs. Some marketed formulations that use microencapsulation technology include Lupin Cefadroxil, ZORprin CR, and Glipizide SR.
Easy & to the point Topics are clearly given in this presentation..
Thanks & Best Regard
(Anurag Pandey) B.Pharm
Contact :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com (Facebook & Gmail both)
Polymers Used in Pharmaceutical SciencesOyshe Ahmed
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMERS
MECHANISM OF DRUG RELEASE FROM POLYMER
BIO DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS
SYNTHESIS OF POLYMERS
POLYMERS USED IN FORMULATION OF DIFFERENT DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM.
APPLICATION OF POLYMERS
Easy & to the point Topics are clearly given in this presentation..
Thanks & Best Regard
(Anurag Pandey) B.Pharm
Contact :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com (Facebook & Gmail both)
Polymers Used in Pharmaceutical SciencesOyshe Ahmed
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMERS
MECHANISM OF DRUG RELEASE FROM POLYMER
BIO DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS
SYNTHESIS OF POLYMERS
POLYMERS USED IN FORMULATION OF DIFFERENT DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM.
APPLICATION OF POLYMERS
Approaches Of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System or GRDDSAkshayPatane
Approaches Of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System
Includes:
Floating and Non-Floating drug delivery system with their subtypes
Like Non-effervescent system, Effervescent system, Raft forming system,
High Density system, Expandable system, Muco-adhesive system,
Super porous hydrogel system and Magnetic Systems, etc.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, & mucin molecules & increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of the absorption.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system.
Since the early 1980,the concept of Mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology.
combine mucoadhesive with enzyme inhibitory & penetration enhancer properties & improve the patient complaince.
MDDS have been devloped for buccal ,nasal,rectal &vaginal routes for both systemic & local effects.
Hydrophilic high mol. wt. such as peptides that cannot be administered & poor absorption ,then MDDS is best choice.
Mucoadhesiveinner layers called mucosa inner epithelial cell lining is covered with viscoelasticfluid
Composed of water and mucin.
Thickness varies from 40 μm to 300 μm
General composition of mucus
Water…………………………………..95%
Glycoproteinsand lipids……………..0.5-5%
Mineral salts……………………………1%
Free proteins…………………………..0.5-1%
The mechanism responsible in the formation of mucoadhesive bond
Step 1 : Wetting and swelling of the polymer(contact stage)
Step 2 : Interpenetration between the polymer chains and the mucosal membrane
Step 3 : Formation of bonds between the entangled chains (both known as consolidation stage)
Electronic theory
Wetting theory
Adsorption theory
Diffusion theory
Fracture theory
Advantages over other controlled oral controlled release systems by virtue of prolongation of residence of drug in GIT.
Targeting & localization of the dosage form at a specific site
-Painless administration.
-Low enzymatic activity & avoid of first pass metabolism
If MDDS are adhere too tightlgy because it is undesirable to exert too much force to remove the formulation after use,otherwise the mucosa could be injured.
-Some patient suffers unpleasent feeling.
-Unfortunately ,the lack of standardized techniques often leads to unclear results.
-costly drug delivery system
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system has gained interest among pharmaceutical scientists as a means of promoting dosage form residence time as well as improving intimacy of contact with various absorptive membranes of the bio- logical system
Application Of Polymer In Controlled Release FormulationAnindya Jana
Polymers are becoming increasingly important in the field of drug delivery. The pharmaceutical applications of polymers range from their use as binders in tablets to viscosity and flow controlling agents in liquids, suspensions and emulsions. Polymers can be used as film coatings to disguise the unpleasant taste of a drug, to enhance drug stability and to modify drug release characteristics.
As a consequence, increasing attention has been focused on methods of giving drugs continually for a prolonged time periods and in a controlled fashion.
This technology now spans many fields and includes pharmaceutical, food and agricultural applications, pesticides, cosmetics, and household products.
Elena G. White - Notas Biográficas de Elena G. de WhiteMinisterio Palmoni
Adquiere una mejor perspectiva de la vida de la mensajera en Notas Biográficas. En estas páginas Elena Gould Harmo de White relata, en sus propias palabras, un breve recuento de sus años de infancia, y la experiencia que vivió durante el gran movimiento de 1840 a 1844 por motivo del advenimiento de Cristo.
Recuerda con brillo inusual las penas y gozos de su ministerio inicial en los años del Gran Chasco. Pinta las luchas y triunfos que siguieron a los esfuerzos de un reducido grupo de almas diligentes que levantaron la Obra que, con el tiempo, Dios convirtió en la Iglesia Adventista del Séptimo Día. Prosigue narrando los extensos afanes en que se involucró, junto con su esposo, desde su matrimonio hasta el deceso del pastor White en 1881.
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Wikia: es.ministeriopalmoni.wikia.com
Approaches Of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System or GRDDSAkshayPatane
Approaches Of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System
Includes:
Floating and Non-Floating drug delivery system with their subtypes
Like Non-effervescent system, Effervescent system, Raft forming system,
High Density system, Expandable system, Muco-adhesive system,
Super porous hydrogel system and Magnetic Systems, etc.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, & mucin molecules & increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of the absorption.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system.
Since the early 1980,the concept of Mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology.
combine mucoadhesive with enzyme inhibitory & penetration enhancer properties & improve the patient complaince.
MDDS have been devloped for buccal ,nasal,rectal &vaginal routes for both systemic & local effects.
Hydrophilic high mol. wt. such as peptides that cannot be administered & poor absorption ,then MDDS is best choice.
Mucoadhesiveinner layers called mucosa inner epithelial cell lining is covered with viscoelasticfluid
Composed of water and mucin.
Thickness varies from 40 μm to 300 μm
General composition of mucus
Water…………………………………..95%
Glycoproteinsand lipids……………..0.5-5%
Mineral salts……………………………1%
Free proteins…………………………..0.5-1%
The mechanism responsible in the formation of mucoadhesive bond
Step 1 : Wetting and swelling of the polymer(contact stage)
Step 2 : Interpenetration between the polymer chains and the mucosal membrane
Step 3 : Formation of bonds between the entangled chains (both known as consolidation stage)
Electronic theory
Wetting theory
Adsorption theory
Diffusion theory
Fracture theory
Advantages over other controlled oral controlled release systems by virtue of prolongation of residence of drug in GIT.
Targeting & localization of the dosage form at a specific site
-Painless administration.
-Low enzymatic activity & avoid of first pass metabolism
If MDDS are adhere too tightlgy because it is undesirable to exert too much force to remove the formulation after use,otherwise the mucosa could be injured.
-Some patient suffers unpleasent feeling.
-Unfortunately ,the lack of standardized techniques often leads to unclear results.
-costly drug delivery system
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system has gained interest among pharmaceutical scientists as a means of promoting dosage form residence time as well as improving intimacy of contact with various absorptive membranes of the bio- logical system
Application Of Polymer In Controlled Release FormulationAnindya Jana
Polymers are becoming increasingly important in the field of drug delivery. The pharmaceutical applications of polymers range from their use as binders in tablets to viscosity and flow controlling agents in liquids, suspensions and emulsions. Polymers can be used as film coatings to disguise the unpleasant taste of a drug, to enhance drug stability and to modify drug release characteristics.
As a consequence, increasing attention has been focused on methods of giving drugs continually for a prolonged time periods and in a controlled fashion.
This technology now spans many fields and includes pharmaceutical, food and agricultural applications, pesticides, cosmetics, and household products.
Elena G. White - Notas Biográficas de Elena G. de WhiteMinisterio Palmoni
Adquiere una mejor perspectiva de la vida de la mensajera en Notas Biográficas. En estas páginas Elena Gould Harmo de White relata, en sus propias palabras, un breve recuento de sus años de infancia, y la experiencia que vivió durante el gran movimiento de 1840 a 1844 por motivo del advenimiento de Cristo.
Recuerda con brillo inusual las penas y gozos de su ministerio inicial en los años del Gran Chasco. Pinta las luchas y triunfos que siguieron a los esfuerzos de un reducido grupo de almas diligentes que levantaron la Obra que, con el tiempo, Dios convirtió en la Iglesia Adventista del Séptimo Día. Prosigue narrando los extensos afanes en que se involucró, junto con su esposo, desde su matrimonio hasta el deceso del pastor White en 1881.
Sitio Web - https://ministeriopalmoni.wordpress.com/
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/MinisterioPalmoni
Twitter - https://twitter.com/MinistryPalmoni
Google Plus - https://plus.google.com/114003190106843997086
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMSebXBYNLXP4ZRG36fgOjQ
Wikia: es.ministeriopalmoni.wikia.com
www.induma.com.co/site/bisagras
Una bisagra es un herraje articulado que posibilita el giro de puertas, ventanas o paneles de muebles. Cuenta con dos piezas, una de las cuales va unida a la hoja y gira sobre un eje permitiendo su movimiento circular.
microencapsulation is the part of an pharmaceutics, in that the method of preperation is giving. and all related thing about microencapsulation is given.
thanks you.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
2. DEFINITION
Microencapsulation is the
process by which tiny solid
particles or droplets of
liquid are surrounded or
coated with a continuous
film of polymeric material to
produce capsules in the
micrometer to millimeter
range. The product obtained
by this process is called as
microcapsules.1
Microcapsule
4. Advantages of microencapsulation
Masking of bitter taste drugs. Eg: Ofloxacin.
Conversion of liquid to pseudo solid.
Eg: Eprazinone.2
Environmental protection.
Eg: Vit.A.Palmitate.
Reduction of hygroscopicity .Eg: NaCl.
Reduction of vaporization of volatile drugs.
Eg: Methyl salicylate.
Prevention of incompatibilities among drugs.
Eg: Aspirin and Chlorpheniramine maleate .2
5. Disadvantages of Microencapsulation.
Possible cross reaction between core and
shell material.
Difficult to achieve continuous and uniform
film.
Shelf life of hygroscopic drugs is
reduced.
More production costs.
More skill and knowledge is required.2
6. MECHANISMS OF DRUG RELEASE
Degradation
controlled
monolithic
system
Diffusion
controlled
monolithic
system
Diffusion
controlled
reservoir
system
Erosion
7. MECHANISMS OF DRUG RELEASE
1)Degradation controlled monolithic
system-Drug releases on degradation
of matrix.
2)Diffusion controlled monolithic
system-Drug released by diffusion
then degradation of matrix occurs.
3)Diffusion controlled reservoir
system-Drug from capsule diffuses
then rate controlling membrane
erodes.
4)Erosion-Due to pH and enzymatic
hydrolysis.2
9. MATERIALS INVOLVED IN FORMULATION
A)Core Material:
Specific material to be coated.
It may be liquid or solid.
Liquid core may be dissolved or dispersed
material.3
10. Core Material Purpose Final
Product
Form
Acetaminophen Taste masking Tablet
Potassium
chloride
Reduces
gastric
irritation
Capsule
Isosorbide
dinitrate
Sustained
release
Capsule
Examples of core material
11. B)Coating Material: Inert substance
which coats on core with desired
thickness.
Composition of coating solution
•Inert polymer.
•Plasticizer- Triethylcitrate, glycerin
•Solvents- Water,cyclohexane.
•Co solvents-Glycerol, sorbitol.
12. Examples of various coating material 3
Category of Coating
Material
Examples
Water soluble resins Gelatin,
Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP).
Water insoluble resins Ethyl cellulose, Polyethylene.
Waxes and lipids Paraffin, Carnauba, Beeswax.
Enteric resins Shellac, Zein.
13. TECHNIQUES TO MANUFACTURE
MICROCAPSULES
S.No Physical Methods Chemical Methods
A) Air Suspension Solvent Evaporation
B) Pan Coating Polymerization
C) Coarcervation Phase
Separation
Interfacial
Polymerization
In-situ PolymerizationD) Multi-orifice
Centrifugal Process
E) Spray Drying & Spray
Congealing
F) Fluidized Bed
Technology
14. A)Air Suspension(Wurster Method)
Within the coating chamber, particles are
suspended on an upward moving air stream.
Spraying of coating material on the air suspended
particles.
The cyclic process is repeated depending upon
purpose of microencapsulation.
Air stream serves to dry the product.3
16. B) Pan Coating
The particles are tumbled in a pan while
the coating material is applied slowly as
solution or atomized spray to the core.
To remove the coating solvent, warm air is
passed over the coated materials or dusting
of talc is done.
17. Medicaments are usually coated onto
nonpareil sugar seeds and then coated with
polymers.3
Advantages: Disadvantages:
Suitable to
larger particles.
Time consuming.
Sustained
release
preparations.
High material
loss.
18. C) Coacervation Phase Separation:
Simple coacervation Complex coacervation
A desolvation agent is
added for phase separation
It involves complexation
between two oppositely
charged polymers.
Steps involved in this process are:-
1)Formation of three immiscible phases.
2)Deposition of liquid coating material upon
the core material.
3)Rigidization of coating.
20. Various methods to obtain three immiscible phases:
1) Temperature change
2) Incompatible Polymer Addition
3) Non-Solvent Addition
4) Salt Addition
5) Polymer-Polymer Interaction(Complex Coacervation)
21. Temperature change:
Temperature-composition
phase diagram for a binary
system of a polymer and a
solvent.
TEMPERATURE
POLYMER CONCENTRATION %
X
A
B
C D
E
F G
•Point X represents –single phase.
The phase-boundary curve indicates
that with decreasing temperature.
One phase
becomes
polymer rich.
Other phase
becomes polymer
poor.
Eg: N-acetyl p-amino phenol.4
22. Non-Solvent Addition:
A liquid that is a non-solvent
for a given polymer can be added to
a solution of the polymer to induce
phase separation.
Eg: Addition of isopropyl ether to
CAB dissolved in methyl ethyl
ketone.
Core: Methyl scopolamine HBr.4
A
B
C
D
E
SOLVENT
100%
100%
POLYMER
100%
NON
SOLVENT
Phase diagram for
phase-separation/
coacervation induced by
Non Solvent Addition
23. Salt Addition
Soluble inorganic salts can
be added to aqueous
solutions of water-soluble
polymers .
Eg: Sodium sulfate,
Core-Vitamin in corn oil.4
25. D) Multi-orifice Centrifugal Process
Advantages:
Encapsulates both solid and liquid materials.
Production rate is more.
It utilizes centrifugal forces to hurl a core material particle
through an enveloping microencapsulation membrane .4
27. Spray Drying Spray Congealing
Coating solidification
effected by rapid
evaporation of solvent in
which coating material is
dissolved.
Coating solidification is
effected by thermally
congealing a molten
coating material.4
Advantages:
Low bulk density product.
Porous nature capsules.
Free flowing particles.
30. NOVEL METHODS
A) Vibration Technology
A fluid stream of liquid
core and shell materials
is pumped through
concentric tubes and
forms droplets under the
influence of vibration. 1
31. B) Jet Cutter Technology
A solid jet of fluid coming out of a nozzle by means of
rotating cutting wires is cut into cylindrical segments
which then form beads due to surface tension on their way
to a hardening device.1
32. C) Rapid Expansion Of Super Critical
Solution(RSS)
Core and the shell material are maintained at high pressure
and then released at atmospheric pressure through a small
nozzle.
Sudden drop in pressure causes desolvation of the shell
material.1
33. APPLICATIONS
To reduce gastric and other GIT irritations.
Eg: Aspirin preparations.
Prolonged release dosage forms preparation.
Preparation of enteric-coated dosage forms .
Replacement of therapeutic agents (not taken
orally like insulin), gene therapy and in use of
vaccines for treating AIDS, tumors, cancer and
diabetes.
Delivery of DNA vaccines.
Prodrug approach. Eg: Minocycline HCl.
Biodegradable and biocompatible microparicles
preparations.Example: Risperidone or testosterone.5
34. Marketed formulations prepared using
microcapsules5
S.No Brand
Name
Generic
Name
Category
of drug
1. Lupin Cefadroxil Antibiotic
2. ZORprin CR Aspirin Anti-arthritic
3. Glipizide SR Glucotrol Anti diabetic
35. REFERENCES
1. http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/vivekchauhan-
1147305-microencapsulation.
2. Hammad umer et.al,” International Journal of Research in
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences” ISSN: 2229-
3701.
3. S. S. Bansode et.al,” Institute of Pharmaceutical Education
And Research”, Volume 1, Issue 2, March –April 2010;
Article 008 .
4. Lachman LA, Liberman HA, Kanig JL. The Theory and
Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. Mumbai, India: Varghese
Publishing House; 3:414-415.
5. http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/thokesagar-
1295371-shree/