Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. 4.1 Defining the Atom
• An Atom is the smallest particle of an
element that retains its identity in a
chemical reaction.
• The Greek Philosopher
Democritus, was among the
First to suggest the existence
Of atoms.
3. Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1. All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles
called atoms.
2. Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any
one element are different from those of any other element.
3. Atoms of different elements can physically mix together or
can chemically combine in simple whole-number ratios to
form compounds.
4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined,
or rearranged.
4. 4.2 Structure of the Nuclear Atom
• Much of Dalton’s atomic theory is
accepted today. One important change
however, is that atoms are now known to
be divisible.
• Three kinds of subatomic particles are
electrons, protons, and neutrons.
5. Electrons
• In 1897, English
physicist J.J.
Thomson discovered
the Electron.
• Electrons are
negatively charged
subatomic particles.
• Thomson called these
particles corpuscles;
later they were
named electrons.
6.
7. Robert A. Millikan (1868-1953)
• Carried out
experiments to find
the quantity of charge
carried by an
electron.
• An electron carries
exactly 1 negative
charge and its mass
is 1/1840 the mass of
a hydrogen atom.
8. »You need to understand….
•Atoms have NO
CHARGE!!
»They are electrically neutral.
11. And Finally…….
• When a negative particle combines with a
positive particle an electrically neutral particle is
formed.
+1 + -1 = 0
12. Eugene Goldstein
• Observed a cathode-ray tube and found
rays traveling in the direction opposite to
that of the cathode rays.
• He called these rays canal rays and
concluded that they were composed of
positive particles.
• These positive particles are called
Protons.
13. James Chadwick
• In 1932, an English Physicist confirmed
the existence of yet another subatomic
particle: The Neutron.
• A neutron is a subatomic particle with no
charge but with a mass nearly equal to
that of a proton.
14. Plum Pudding Model
• In Thomson’s atomic
model, known as the
plum pudding model,
electrons were stuck
into a lump of positive
charge, similar to
raisins stuck in
dough.
15. • This model of the atom turned out to be short
lived, however, due to the groundbreaking
work of Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), a
former student of Thomson.
18. Rutherford Atomic Model
• He proposed that the atom is mostly empty
space, thus explaining the lack of
deflection of most of the alpha particles.
• He concluded that all the positive charge
and almost all the mass are concentrated in
a small region.
• He called this region the Nucleus.
• The nucleus is the tiny central core of an atom and is
composed of protons and neutrons.
19. Key Concept
• In the nuclear atom, the protons and
neutrons are located in the nucleus. The
electrons are distributed around the
nucleus and occupy almost all the volume
of the atom.
20. 4.3 Distinguishing Among Atoms
• Elements
are different
because they
contain
different
numbers of
protons.
21. Atomic Number
• The atomic number of an element is the
number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom of that element.
22. Mass Number
• The total number of protons and neutrons
in an atom is called the mass number.
• Number of neutrons = mass number – atomic number
• The number of neutrons in an atom is the difference
between the mass number and atomic number.
23. • If you know the
atomic number
and mass
number of an
atom of any
element, you can
determine the
atom’s
composition.
• How do you calculate
mass number?
24. Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms that have the same
number of protons but different
numbers of neutrons.
Because isotopes of an element have
different numbers of neutrons, they
have different mass numbers.
25. Isotopes Cont…
• Atomic mass unit is
defined as one twelfth
of the mass of a carbon-
12 atom.
• In nature most elements
occur as a mixture of
two or more isotopes.
• Isotopes of an element
has a fixed mass and a
natural percent
abundance.
26. Relative Abundance
• The Atomic Mass of an element is
a weighted average mass of the
atoms in a naturally occurring
sample of the element.
• A weighted average mass reflects
both the mass and the relative
abundance of the isotopes as they
occur in nature.
27. Determine Atomic Mass
1. # stable isotopes
2. Mass of each isotope
3. Natural % abundance of each isotope
Atomic Mass = Mass of Isotope x natural
abundance = add them together
Look on page 117 for practice problems!!
28. The Periodic Table – A Preview
• Each horizontal
row of the
periodic table is
called a
PERIOD.
29. Periodic Table Cont….
• Each vertical
column of the
periodic table is
called a group.
• Elements within a
group have similar
chemical and
physical
properties.
30. Lets Review!!!
• Atoms are the smallest particle of an element that
retains its identity in a chemical reaction.
• Democritus believed that atoms were indivisible
and indestructible.
• Dalton’s atomic theory states that
1. All elements are composed of atoms
2. Atoms of different elements combine to form compounds
3. Atoms of the same element are identical
4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated,
joined, or rearranged.
31. Review Cont….
• There are 3 subatomic particles
1. Proton
– Identifies the atom
– Positive charge
2. Electron
– Determines chemical reactions
– Negative Charge
3. Neutron
– Determines Isotope
– Neutral Charge
32. Review Cont…
• Thomson atomic model, known as the plum pudding
model, electrons were stuck into a lump of positive
charge.
• Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment: He proposed that
atoms are mostly empty space.
• The nucleus is the tiny central core of an atom made of
protons and neutrons. Electrons surround the nucleus.
• Atomic number is the number of protons.
• Mass number is the # of protons and neutrons.
• Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of
protons but a different number of neutrons.
33. Review Cont…
• Atomic mass unit is defined as one twelfth of
the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
• The atomic mass of an element is the weighted
average mass of the atoms in a naturally
occurring sample of the element.
• To calculate the atomic mass of an element,
multiply the mass by its natural abundance and
then add the products.
34. Review Cont…
• Periodic Table allows you to easily
compare the properties of one element to
another element.
• Groups go down!!
• Periods all across!!
• Elements within a group has similar
physical and chemical properties.