The document discusses the periodic table of elements and its development over time. It explains how elements are arranged based on their proton number and how this arrangement allows prediction of element properties based on periodic trends. Examples are given of common elements and their uses to illustrate the practical importance of the periodic table.

1. CHAPTER 4 PERIODIC TABLE

2. 4.1 THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

4. Why we learn elements? Are they important to us? Let’s take a look for the uses of some elements !!

7. Let’s play BINGO!!

8. Rules: - Winner in every round could earn 15 points - You can refer to elements list while writing symbol - You must state the full name of elements while playing - Those who can state full name of elements in whole one game could earn 5 points - The final winner is those who earn 50 points

9. Cl Sn Na Br Fe Zn K Ag Pb Mg H He Ar Cu Al Be N B P I Ne Si Ca S O

10. Scientist had discover hundreds types of elements in this earth. So can you guess how these elements been arranged in order to let us easier to recognise them?

11. Examples of modern periodic table

12. Yes! They’re arranged in periodic table But remember, periodic table was formed in many years and developed by a few chemist in different ways.

14. Who began the discovery of periodic table ??

22. MOVIE Cute girl

23. From this modern periodic table, can you find out what basic principle in arranging elements?

24. Answer : all elements arranged in order of increasing proton number

26. METALS NON-METALS

27. Conclusion: Left side -Group 1-13  metals Right side -Group 14-18  non - metals

28. Period  1 2 3 4 5 6 7

30. Conclusion: - number of electron shells = period - 2 electron shells = period 2 - 3 electron shells = period 3 - 2.8.8.1 = period 4

31. Group Q1 Example 1 2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 18

32. Group 1 2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 18

33. Group 1 Li (2.1) Na (2.8.1) K (2.8.8.1) Rb (2.8.18.8.1) Cs (2.8.18.18.8.1) Fr (2.8.18.32.18.8.1) back All elements in Group 1 has 1 valence electron 1 2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 18

34. Group 2 back All elements in Group 2 has 2 valence electrons Be (2.2) Mg (2.8.2) Ca (2.8.8.2) Sr (2.8.18.8.2) Ba (2.8.18.18.8.2) 1 2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 18

35. Group 13 back All elements in Group 1 3 has 3 valence electrons B (2.3) Al (2.8.3) Ga (2.8.18.3) In (2.8.18.8.3) 1 2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 18

36. Group 17 back All elements in Group 17 has 7 valence electrons F (2.7) Cl (2.8.7) Br (2.8.18.7) I (2.8.18.8.7) 1 2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 18

37. Group 18 back He (2) Ne (2.8) Ar (2.8.8) Kr (2.8.18.8) All elements in Group 18 has 8 valence electrons Except Helium 1 2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 18

38. Conclusion: - number of valence electrons = group - 2 valence electrons = Group 2 - 3 valence electrons = Group 13 - 2.8.7 = Group 17

39. Example: -proton number = 6 -number of electron= 6 -electron arrangement=2.4 -LOCATION in periodic table: period 2 (2 electron shells) group 14 (4 electron valence) Refer PT C 12 6

40. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 Mg 2.8.2 Al 2.8.3 Ne 2.8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

41. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 Mg 2.8.2 Al 2.8.3 Ne 2.8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

42. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 Al 2.8.3 Ne 2.8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

43. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 Al 2.8.3 Ne 2.8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

44. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 Al 2.8.3 Ne 2.8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

45. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 Al 2.8.3 Ne 2.8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

46. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 Al 2.8.3 Ne 2.8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

47. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 Al 2.8.3 Ne 2.8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

48. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 Ne 2.8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

49. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 Ne 2.8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

50. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 Ne 2.8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

51. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 Ne 2.8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

52. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Refer PT Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 13 Ne 2.8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

53. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Refer PT Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 13 Ne 2.8 2 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

54. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 13 Ne 2.8 2 2 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

55. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 13 Ne 2.8 2 2 8 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

56. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 13 Ne 2.8 2 2 8 18 S 2.8.6 Cl 2.8.7

57. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 13 Ne 2.8 2 2 8 18 S 2.8.6 3 Cl 2.8.7

58. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 13 Ne 2.8 2 2 8 18 S 2.8.6 3 3 Cl 2.8.7

59. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 13 Ne 2.8 2 2 8 18 S 2.8.6 3 3 6 Cl 2.8.7

60. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 13 Ne 2.8 2 2 8 18 S 2.8.6 3 3 6 16 Cl 2.8.7

61. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 13 Ne 2.8 2 2 8 18 S 2.8.6 3 3 6 16 Cl 2.8.7 3

62. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 13 Ne 2.8 2 2 8 18 S 2.8.6 3 3 6 16 Cl 2.8.7 3 3

63. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 13 Ne 2.8 2 2 8 18 S 2.8.6 3 3 6 16 Cl 2.8.7 3 3 7

64. Q1 Fill in the blanks (demo) Elements Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group Be 2.2 2 2 2 2 Mg 2.8.2 3 3 2 2 Al 2.8.3 3 3 3 13 Ne 2.8 2 2 8 18 S 2.8.6 3 3 6 16 Cl 2.8.7 3 3 7 17

65. Try out this !!

66. Q2 Fill in the blanks Ele-ment Proton number Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group H 1 He 2 Ca 20 O 8 P 15 B 5

67. Q2 Check your answers Proton number Electron arrange-ment Number of shells occupied by electrons Period Number of valence electrons Group H 1 1 1 1 1 1 He 2 2 1 1 2 18 Ca 20 2.8.8.2 4 4 2 2 O 8 2.6 2 2 6 16 P 15 2.8.5 3 3 5 15 B 5 2.3 2 2 3 13

68. Q3 Write the location of elements below in periodic table of elements 40 18 Ar 14 7 N 32 16 S

69. Q3 Check out your answer Given in periodic table Period 3 Group 18 40 18 Ar Period 2 Group 15 14 7 N Period 3 Group 16 32 16 S

70. 4.2 Group 18 Elements Noble Gas

73. Group 18 back All elements in Group 18 has 8 valence electrons Except Helium He (2) Ne (2.8) Ar (2.8.8) Kr (2.8.18.8) 1 2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 18

74. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He Neon Argon Krypton Xenon

75. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He Neon Ne Argon Krypton Xenon

76. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He Neon Ne Argon Ar Krypton Xenon

77. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He Neon Ne Argon Ar Krypton Kr Xenon

78. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He Neon Ne Argon Ar Krypton Kr Xenon Xe

79. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 Neon Ne Argon Ar Krypton Kr Xenon Xe

80. Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 Neon Ne 10 Argon Ar Krypton Kr Xenon Xe

81. Boiling Point/K Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 Neon Ne 10 Argon Ar 18 Krypton Kr Xenon Xe

82. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 Neon Ne 10 Argon Ar 18 Krypton Kr 36 Xenon Xe

83. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 Neon Ne 10 Argon Ar 18 Krypton Kr 36 Xenon Xe 54

84. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 Neon Ne 10 Argon Ar 18 Krypton Kr 36 Xenon Xe 54

85. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 Neon Ne 10 Argon Ar 18 Krypton Kr 36 Xenon Xe 54

86. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 Neon Ne 10 0.070 Argon Ar 18 Krypton Kr 36 Xenon Xe 54

87. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 Neon Ne 10 0.070 Argon Ar 18 0.094 Krypton Kr 36 Xenon Xe 54

88. Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 Neon Ne 10 0.070 Argon Ar 18 0.094 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 Xenon Xe 54

89. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 Neon Ne 10 0.070 Argon Ar 18 0.094 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 Xenon Xe 54 0.130

90. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 Neon Ne 10 0.070 Argon Ar 18 0.094 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 Xenon Xe 54 0.130

91. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 -269 Neon Ne 10 0.070 Argon Ar 18 0.094 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 Xenon Xe 54 0.130

92. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 -269 Neon Ne 10 0.070 -246 Argon Ar 18 0.094 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 Xenon Xe 54 0.130

93. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 -269 Neon Ne 10 0.070 -246 Argon Ar 18 0.094 -186 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 Xenon Xe 54 0.130

94. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 -269 Neon Ne 10 0.070 -246 Argon Ar 18 0.094 -186 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 -152 Xenon Xe 54 0.130

95. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 -269 Neon Ne 10 0.070 -246 Argon Ar 18 0.094 -186 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 -152 Xenon Xe 54 0.130 -107

96. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 -269 -270 Neon Ne 10 0.070 -246 Argon Ar 18 0.094 -186 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 -152 Xenon Xe 54 0.130 -107

97. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 -269 -270 Neon Ne 10 0.070 -246 -248 Argon Ar 18 0.094 -186 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 -152 Xenon Xe 54 0.130 -107

98. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 -269 -270 Neon Ne 10 0.070 -246 -248 Argon Ar 18 0.094 -186 -189 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 -152 Xenon Xe 54 0.130 -107

99. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 -269 -270 Neon Ne 10 0.070 -246 -248 Argon Ar 18 0.094 -186 -189 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 -152 -156 Xenon Xe 54 0.130 -107

100. Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 -269 -270 Neon Ne 10 0.070 -246 -248 Argon Ar 18 0.094 -186 -189 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 -152 -156 Xenon Xe 54 0.130 -107 -112

101. next Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 1st Ionisation Energy/kJ mol -1 Atomic Radius/nM He 2372.3 0.128 Ne 2080.6 0.160 Ar 1520.4 0.174 Kr 1350.7 0.189 Xe 1170.4 0.218 Atomic Number Relative Atomic Mass Boiling Point/K He 2 4.003 4.216 Ne 10 20.180 27.10 Ar 18 39.948 87.29 Kr 36 83.30 120.85 Xe 54 131.29 166.1 Noble gases Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Helium He 2 0.050 -269 -270 Neon Ne 10 0.070 -246 -248 Argon Ar 18 0.094 -186 -189 Krypton Kr 36 0.109 -152 -156 Xenon Xe 54 0.130 -107 -112

110. MOVIE Drift

111. MOVIE Car1

115. Uses of Noble Gases

117. MOVIE Helium girl

118. MOVIE Helium boy

124. 4.3 GROUP 1 ALKALI METALS

128. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Caecium

129. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li Sodium Potassium Rubidium Caecium

130. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li Sodium Na Potassium Rubidium Caecium

131. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li Sodium Na Potassium K Rubidium Caecium

132. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li Sodium Na Potassium K Rubidium Rb Caecium

133. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li Sodium Na Potassium K Rubidium Rb Caecium Cs

134. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 Sodium Na Potassium K Rubidium Rb Caecium Cs

135. next Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 Sodium Na 11 Potassium K Rubidium Rb Caecium Cs

136. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 Sodium Na 11 Potassium K 19 Rubidium Rb Caecium Cs

137. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 Sodium Na 11 Potassium K 19 Rubidium Rb 37 Caecium Cs

138. next Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 Sodium Na 11 Potassium K 19 Rubidium Rb 37 Caecium Cs 55

139. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 Sodium Na 11 Potassium K 19 Rubidium Rb 37 Caecium Cs 55

140. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 0.15 Sodium Na 11 Potassium K 19 Rubidium Rb 37 Caecium Cs 55

141. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 0.15 Sodium Na 11 0.19 Potassium K 19 Rubidium Rb 37 Caecium Cs 55

142. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 0.15 Sodium Na 11 0.19 Potassium K 19 0.23 Rubidium Rb 37 Caecium Cs 55

143. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 0.15 Sodium Na 11 0.19 Potassium K 19 0.23 Rubidium Rb 37 0.25 Caecium Cs 55

144. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 0.15 Sodium Na 11 0.19 Potassium K 19 0.23 Rubidium Rb 37 0.25 Caecium Cs 55 0.26

145. next Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 0.15 Sodium Na 11 0.19 Potassium K 19 0.23 Rubidium Rb 37 0.25 Caecium Cs 55 0.26

146. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 0.15 1347 181 Sodium Na 11 0.19 Potassium K 19 0.23 Rubidium Rb 37 0.25 Caecium Cs 55 0.26

147. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 0.15 1347 181 Sodium Na 11 0.19 886 98 Potassium K 19 0.23 Rubidium Rb 37 0.25 Caecium Cs 55 0.26

148. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 0.15 1347 181 Sodium Na 11 0.19 886 98 Potassium K 19 0.23 774 64 Rubidium Rb 37 0.25 Caecium Cs 55 0.26

149. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 0.15 1347 181 Sodium Na 11 0.19 886 98 Potassium K 19 0.23 774 64 Rubidium Rb 37 0.25 688 39 Caecium Cs 55 0.26

150. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 0.15 1347 181 Sodium Na 11 0.19 886 98 Potassium K 19 0.23 774 64 Rubidium Rb 37 0.25 688 39 Caecium Cs 55 0.26 678 28

151. next Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Lithium Li 3 0.15 1347 181 Sodium Na 11 0.19 886 98 Potassium K 19 0.23 774 64 Rubidium Rb 37 0.25 688 39 Caecium Cs 55 0.26 678 28

155. Before we study the chemical properties, draw out the table first! Alkali Metals Reacts with water Reacts with Oxygen gas Reacts with chlorine gas Lithium / Li Sodium / Na Potassium / K

156. 2. Chemical properties - Have similar chemical properties, why? - answer: all have one valence electron A . water B. Oxygen C . Chlorine - All of alkali metals could reacts with: Next to reactivity

169. MOVIE CEMENT

170. MOVIE CRASHPROOF

171. The Chemical properties of alkali metls are SAME but Reactivity DIFFEREFENCE

178. Thank you!

179. 4.4 GROUP 17 HALOGENS

186. GROUP 17 HALOGENS A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES C. REACTIVITY GOING DOWN THE GROUP

187. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

188. Pale yellow Purple solid brownish Yellow greenish White solid

189. fluorine chlorine iodine bromine

190. Metal pin Solid iodine

191. Solid iodine Metal plate

192. Solid iodine vaporises

194. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F Bromine Chlorine Iodine Astatine

195. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F Bromine Br Chlorine Iodine Astatine

196. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F Bromine Br Chlorine Cl Iodine Astatine

197. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F Bromine Br Chlorine Cl Iodine I Astatine

198. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F Bromine Br Chlorine Cl Iodine I Astatine As

199. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 Bromine Br Chlorine Cl Iodine I Astatine As

200. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 Bromine Br 17 Chlorine Cl Iodine I Astatine As

201. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 Bromine Br 17 Chlorine Cl 35 Iodine I Astatine As

202. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 Bromine Br 17 Chlorine Cl 35 Iodine I 53 Astatine As

203. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 Bromine Br 17 Chlorine Cl 35 Iodine I 53 Astatine As 85

204. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 0.071 Bromine Br 17 Chlorine Cl 35 Iodine I 53 Astatine As 85

205. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 0.071 Bromine Br 17 0.099 Chlorine Cl 35 Iodine I 53 Astatine As 85

206. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 0.071 Bromine Br 17 0.099 Chlorine Cl 35 0.114 Iodine I 53 Astatine As 85

207. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 0.071 Bromine Br 17 0.099 Chlorine Cl 35 0.114 Iodine I 53 0.133 Astatine As 85 -

208. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 0.071 Bromine Br 17 0.099 Chlorine Cl 35 0.114 Iodine I 53 0.133 Astatine As 85 -

209. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 0.071 -188 -220 Bromine Br 17 0.099 Chlorine Cl 35 0.114 Iodine I 53 0.133 Astatine As 85 -

210. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 0.071 -188 -220 Bromine Br 17 0.099 -35 -101 Chlorine Cl 35 0.114 Iodine I 53 0.133 Astatine As 85 -

211. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 0.071 -188 -220 Bromine Br 17 0.099 -35 -101 Chlorine Cl 35 0.114 59 -7 Iodine I 53 0.133 Astatine As 85 -

212. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 0.071 -188 -220 Bromine Br 17 0.099 -35 -101 Chlorine Cl 35 0.114 59 -7 Iodine I 53 0.133 184 114 Astatine As 85 - - -

213. Alkali metals Symbol Proton Number Atomic Radius / nm Boiling Point / °C Melting Point / °C Fluorine F 9 0.071 -188 -220 Bromine Br 17 0.099 -35 -101 Chlorine Cl 35 0.114 59 -7 Iodine I 53 0.133 184 114 Astatine As 85 - - -

216. MOVIE FITNESS STUDIO

218. High Electronegativity - which means the strength of its atom in a molecule to pull electrons towards in nucleus

219. 2. Chemical properties - Have similar chemical properties, why? - Answer:all have seven valence electrons A . water B. alkali C. Iron metal - All of alkali metals could reacts with: Next to reactivity

221. Br 2 + H 2 O  HBr + HOBr Bromine water hydrobromic hypobromus acid acid I 2 + H 2 O  HI + HOI Iodine water hydroiodic hypoiodus acid acid Chemical properties

223. Br 2 + 2NaOH  NaBr + NaOBr + H 2 O Bromine sodium sodium sodium water hydroxide bromide bromate(I) I 2 + 2NaOH  NaI + NaOI + H 2 O Iodine sodium sodium sodium water hydroxide iodide iodate(I) Chemical properties

225. 2Br 2 + 3Fe  2FeBr 3 Bromine Iron Iron (III) bromide 2I 2 + 3Fe  2FeI 3 Iodine Iron Iron (III) iodide

226. Observations : halogen

227. Observations : halogen

228. Observations : halogen

236. 4.6 Transition Metal

241. The first-row Transition Metals

243. Colours of some of the first-row Transition Metal ions in solution

255. Indian Hair cut

256. THANK YOU!!!