This document provides an introduction to chemistry. It defines chemistry as the study of the composition, structures, properties and interactions of matter. It explains key concepts in chemistry including the composition, structure, properties, and interactions of substances. It also discusses the origins of the word "chemistry" and provides some examples of common chemicals used in daily life like table salt, vinegar, and calcium carbonate. The document outlines several occupations related to chemistry and some major chemical industries in Malaysia and their contributions to the country's development. It also introduces the scientific method and its key steps as a systematic process used to solve problems in science.

1. Introduction To Chemistry
Chapter 1
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2. The Meaning of Chemistry
• A study of the composition, structures,
properties and interaction of matter.
Co St Pr Int
 Composition - is amount of chemical in any chemical
product
 Structure - the arrangement of chemicals in a substance
 Properties - behaviour of chemical
 Interaction - the reaction between substances with
another substance
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3. • Chemistry word originates from
the Arabic word `al-kamiya’
• Antoine Lavoisier (French
Chemist) founder of modern
chemistry

4. MODERN CHEMISTRY
 Modern chemistry was found in 17th
century.
 A branch of science that deals with
matter.
 All matter is chemical.
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5. Matter
• is any thing that have mass and can
occupy space
• All the thing in the environment
whether living or non-living thing
are matters.

6. Common chemicals used in daily life
• Table salt, NaCl
• Vinegar, CH3COOH
• Calcium carbonate, CaCO3
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7. The uses of common
chemicals in daily life
Name of
substance
Chemical
Formula
Uses
Table salt NaCl As preservatives and
cooking.
Vinegar CH3COOH Preservative for fruits and
food flavourings.
Sulphuric acid H2SO4 Electrolyte in car battery.
Ethanol C2H5OH To make alcoholic drinks
Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Marble tiles, calcium
supplement.
Sodium
bicarbonate
NaHCO3 Baking powder to raise
dough.
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8. Contains sodium chloride
Alcohols
Sodium
bicarbonate
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9. Occupation & Chemistry
• What do you want to do
– after SPM ? or
– after you leave Polytechnic? or
– after you leave University?
• Chemistry opens the door to many
careers.
• In fact, knowledge of chemistry is useful to
almost everyone in every field.
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10. Occupation & Chemistry
 Transportation  Petroleum
 Medical  Pharmacy
 Sports  Formula 1
 Social Service  Fire Brigade,
Chemistry Teacher
 Fertilizer  Farmer
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11. Occupation that require the knowledge of
chemistry
• Forensic scientist
• Food technologist
• Doctor
• Geologist
• Environmental scientist
• Pharmacist
• Pathologist
• Bacteriologist
 Horticulturalist
 Chemical engineer
 Cosmetic scientist
 Biochemist
 Laboratory technician
 Nutritionist
 Aqua culturist
 Etc.
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12. Chemical based Industries in Malaysia
• Petronas
• Asean Bintulu Fertiliser
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13. The Contribution of Chemical based Industries
towards the development of our country
• Create job opportunities
• Increase export earning (economy) / support
other small industries
• Improve health and standard of living
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14. Scientific Method
• Scientific method is a systematic method used to
solve problems in science.
• It usually done to understand the phenomena of
nature.
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15. Steps in Scientific Method
Making observation Making inference Identifying problem
Making hypothesis Identifying
variables
Controlling
variables
Planning an
experiment
Collecting data Interpreting data
Making conclusion Writing report
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7 8 9
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16. Terms in Scientific Method
• Observation – Gathering information using
five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and
touch.
• Inference – Making a smart guess or a
tentative explaination about the phenomenon
based on the observation.
• Hypothesis – Making general statement about
the relationship between a manipulated
variable and a responding variable in order to
explain the question asked.
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17. Terms in Scientific Method
• Variables – Manipulated, responding and fixed
variables
• Record data – Record in a table
• Interpreting data – Organising and analysing
data
• Conclusion – Making statement about the
outcome of the experiment
• Writing report – Communicating the details of
the experiment to spread and find benefit to the
findings.
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18. Writing Report (Format)
Name: Date:
Title: Class:
Aim:
Problem statement:
Hypothesis:
Variables:
(a) Manipulated variable:
(b) Responding variable:
(c) Fixed variable:
Materials and Apparatus:
Procedure:
Tabulation of Data:
Discussion:
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19. NOBLE VALUE AND SCIENTIFIC
ATTITUDES
• Objectively
• Carefully
• Patiently
• Rational
• Critical
• Analytical
• Diligent
• Persevering