- Plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose that protects and supports the cell. The cell wall gives shape to the cell and resists excess water entering. - Inside the cell wall is the selectively permeable cell membrane that controls movement of materials in and out of the cell. - The cytoplasm contains organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria and provides a medium for chemical reactions. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis while mitochondria are involved in respiration.

2. –Made of cellulose
which forms very thin
fibres
–Strong and rigid
–In plant cells only
• Cell wall

3. – Protect and support
the enclosed
substances
(protoplasm)
– Resist entry of excess
water into the cell
– Give shape to the cell
• Cell wall

4. –A dead layer
–Large empty spaces
present between
cellulose fibres
freely permeable
• Cell wall

5. –Lies immediately
against the cell wall
–Made of protein and
lipid Selectively
permeable
• Cell membrane

6. –A living layer
–Can control the
movement of
materials into and
out of the cell
• Cell membrane

7. –Jelly-like substance
enclosed by cell
membrane
–Provide a medium for
chemical reactions to
take place
• Cytoplasm

8. –Contains organelles
and granules :
•e.g. chloroplast
•e.g. mitochondrion
• Cytoplasm

9. Organelles
 very small size – can only be
observed under electron
microscope
 has specific functions
 in cytoplasm

10. –Contain the green
pigment chlorophyll
•To trap light energy,
to make food by
photosynthesis
• Chloroplast

11. –Contain starch grains
(products of
photosynthesis)
• Chloroplast

12. –Rod shape
–For respiration
• Mitochondrion
( mitochondria )

13. – Active cells ( eg.
sperms, liver cells)
have more
mitochondria
• Mitochondrion
( mitochondria )

14. –Starch granules
–Oil droplets
–Crystals of insoluble
wastes
• Non-living
granules

15. – large central vacuole
– Surrounded by tonoplast
– Contains cell sap
• a solution of chemicals
(sugars, proteins,
mineral salts, wastes,
pigments)
• Vacuole

16. –Control the normal
activities of the cell
–Bounded by a
nuclear membrane
–Contains thread-like chromosomes
• Nucleus

17. –Each cell has fixed
number of chromosomes
• Chromosomes carry
genes
–genes control cell characteristics
• Nucleus

18. Different kinds of plant cells
Onion Epidermal Cells
Root Hair Cell
root hair
Guard Cells

19. Similarities between plant cells and
animal cells
Both have a cell membrane surrounding
the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria

20. Differences between plant cells and
animal cells
Animal cells Plant cells
Relatively smaller in
size
Irregular shape
No cell wall
Relatively larger in
size
Regular shape
Cell wall present

21. Animal cells Plant cells
Vacuole small or absent
Glycogen granules as
food store
Nucleus at the centre
Large central vacuole
Starch granules as
food store
Nucleus near cell wall
Differences between plant cells and
animal cells