This document discusses cell wall synthesis inhibitors. It describes the structure of bacterial cell walls composed of peptidoglycan layers crosslinked by peptide chains. It lists several classes of antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis, including fosfomycin, cycloserine, bacitracin, vancomycin, and beta-lactams. It also discusses the structure of mycobacterial cell walls and anti-TB drugs like isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide that inhibit mycolic acid or arabinogalactan synthesis. Finally, it mentions the composition of fungal cell walls and how the drug echinocandins inhibit glucan synthesis.

1. Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
Dr.Reshmi.T.R

2. Bacterial Cell Wall
 Cell wall-Stability
 Composed of Peptidoglycan layer

4. Peptidoglycan layerParallel polysaccharide
glycan chains crosslinked by peptide chains
Prevents lysis and death of bacteria

5. Pentapeptide side chain
L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine
NAcM
L-Ala
D-Glu
L-Lys
D-ALa
D-Ala

6.  Pentaglycine
bridge extends
from L-lysine
residue of one
peptide chain to
D-alanine
residue of
another
NAG
NA
G

7. Transpeptidation Reaction
 Process of cross bridging
 Catalysed by enzymes Penicillin Binding
Proteins(PBPs)
 Provide strength to bacteria

8. NAG
UDP
NAM UDP
Enolpyruvate
transferase
NAG
UDP

9. NAM UDP
L-LysD-GluL-Ala
L-Ala
D-Glu
NAM UDP
L-Lys

10. NAM
UD
P
NAM
UD
P
L Alanine D- Alanine
Racemace
Ligase

11. P PP
UMP N
A
G
UDP
UDP
PP
N
A
G
PP
N
A
G
N
A
G
N
A
G

12. N
A
G
N
A
G
N
A
G
N
A
G
N
A
G
N
A
G
N
A
G
Transpeptidase

13. Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
Fosfomycin
Cycloserine
Bacitracin
Vancomycin
Beta Lactams
Anti TB drugs
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Anti fungal Drugs
Echinocandins

14. NAG
UDP
NAM UDP
Enolpyruvate
transferase
NAG
UDP
Fosfomycin

15. NAG
UDP
NAM UDP
Enolpyruvate
transferase
NAG
UDP
Fosfomycin

16. NAM
UD
P
NAM
UD
P
Cycloserine
L Alanine D- Alanine
Racemace
Ligase

17. P PP
UMP N
A
G
UDP
PP
UDP
N
A
G
PP
N
A
G
Bacitracin
N
A
G
N
A
G Vancomycin

18. N
A
G
N
A
G
N
A
G
N
A
G
N
A
G
N
A
G
N
A
G
TranspeptidaseBeta Lactams

19. Mycobacterial cell wall
Peptidoglycan+ Mycolic acid+ Arabinogalactan(AG)

20. Isoniazid
Inhibit mycolic acid which is
an essential component of
mycobacterial cell wall

21. Ethambutol
 Inhibit arabinosyl transferase enzyme
prevent polymerisation of
arabinogalactans, an essential
component of mycobacterial cell wall

22. Pyrazinamide
Inhibit mycolic acid which is an
essential component of
mycobacterial cell wall

23. Fungal cell wall
 Glucans(major)+ Chitin+ Mannins

24. Echinocandins
Inhibit synthesis of 1,3-beta –glucan,an
essential component of fungal cell wall lysis
of cell wall