This document summarizes key aspects of cell theory and the structure and function of plant and animal cells. It outlines that all organisms are made of cells, which are the basic unit of life, and cells come from pre-existing cells. It describes the basic components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and highlights some key organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cell wall. The document compares plant and animal cells, noting that plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts while animal cells do not, and outlines other differences in structure, size, and food storage.

1. PLANT
CELL and
ANIMAL
CELL

2. The Cell Theory
1. All organisms are made of cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living
things.
3. All cells come from the division of pre-
existing cells.
THIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT SHOWS THAT
ALL LIVING THINGS SHARE A SIMILAR
STRUCTURE
Theodore Schwann
Rudolf Virchow

3. Two Types of Cells
All cells, whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have some
common features

4. Number of Cells
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Organisms may be:
• Unicellular –
composed of one cell
• Multicellular-
composed of many
cells that may
organize

5. copyright cmassengale 5
Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
 Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack
a nucleus or membrane-bound
structures called organelles
Eukaryotes include most other cells
& have a nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles (plants, fungi, &
animals)

6. Prokaryotes
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Nucleoid region
contains the DNA
•Cytoplasmic
membrane & cell
wall
• Contain ribosomes
(no membrane) to
make proteins in
their cytoplasm

7. Eukaryotes
Contain 3 basic
cell structures:
•Nucleus
•Cell Membrane
•Cytoplasm with
organelles
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8. Organelles are structures that
enable the cell to live, grow and
reproduce.
Organelles

9. • Outer layer of cell
• Allows nutrients into the
cell and wastes outside of
the cell
Cell Membrane
Gate
Cell Membrane

10. Cytoplasm a
jelly-like fluid
contained in the
cell that holds
the organelles.
Cytoplasm
School Ground

11. • The control center of
the cell
• Contains the Cell’s DNA
DNA
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Principal’s Office

12. • Power center of cell
• Provides the energy
the cell needs to
move, divide, etc.
Outer Membrane
Inner Membrane
Mitochondrion
Electric Company

13. •Site where proteins
are made
•Cell parts are made
of proteins
Ribosomes
Factory

14. • Transportation system of
cell
• Rough ER- play a role in
protein-synthesis; has
attached ribosomes
• Smooth ER- play a role in
phospholipid-synthesis; no
attached ribosomes
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Roads/Pathway

15. • Packaging house of cell
• Packages, processes, and
ships out the stuff the
cell makes
Golgi Complex
J&T Courier

16. Digests food particles
and cell parts; breaks
down wastes
Lysosome
Garbage Collector Police Officer
Protects cell by digesting
foreign invaders

17. • Stores water, food & wastes
Vacuole is largest
organelle in plant
cell
Vacuole
Food and Water
Containers

18. Cell Wall
• Found only in plant cells
• Protects and supports the cell
Cell Wall
Wall

19. • Found only in plant cells
• Contains chlorophyll (makes
plants green)
• Where photosynthesis
takes place
Chloroplasts

21. Plant Cell and Animal Cell
:
• Chloroplasts
• Cell Wall
Animal Cell
Found in Both Plant
and Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Centriole Nucleus
Golgi Complex
Mitochondrion
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Vacuole

22. Similarities between plant
cells and animal cells
Both have a cell membrane surrounding the
cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria

23. Differences between plant
cells and animal cells
Animal cells Plant cells
Relatively
smaller in size
Irregular shape
No cell wall
Relatively
larger in size
Regular shape
Cell wall is present

24. Vacuole small or
absent
Glycogen as food
storage
Nucleus at the
center
Large central
vacuole
Starch as food
storage
Nucleus near cell
wall
Differences between plant
cells and animal cells
Animal cells Plant cells