This document provides information about different types of cells. It explains that cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. There are unicellular organisms composed of a single cell, like euglena and paramecium, and multicellular organisms composed of multiple cells, like plants and animals. The document describes key structures of animal cells like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuoles, and mitochondria. It also notes additional structures specific to plant cells, including the cell wall, chloroplasts, and chlorophyll. The roles of these various cell structures are outlined. In concluding, some of the main differences between animal and plant cells are highlighted such as plant cells generally being larger with a cell wall, pl
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
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In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
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I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theologyâs Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
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Slides from talk:
AleÅĄ Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), NiÅĄ, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers â hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters â are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
ExposÊ invitÊ JournÊes Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana LuÃsa Pinho
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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
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Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.Â
 Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
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As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
2. What are cells?
ī§ What is a cell?
ī§ Where do we find cells?
ī§ Cell: a cell is a basic unit of structure and function of
life. In other words, cells make up living things and carry
out activities that keep a living thing alive
5. The Animal
Cell:
ī§ Now the fun begins!!
ī§ Animals are made up of many
different types of cells. The
structures I am about to introduce
to you are found in a typical cell.
ī§ Please note: Not all animal cells
contain all the same structures.
6. Animal Cell
terms/Structures:
ī§ Cell membrane: The cell membrane
surrounds the cell.
ī§ Think of the membrane as a
gatekeeper, it only allows some
materials to pass through, but keeps
others out.
ī§ Cytoplasm: This is a gel-like fluid, that
takes up most of the space inside a
cell.
ī§ Cytoplasm kind of looks like Jell-O
7. Terms/Structures
continued:
ī§ Nucleus: The nucleus is a structure usually tructure
usually located near the center of the cell.
ī§ The nucleus is a home to the cellâs
ī§ Chromosomes: They are genetic structures that
contain informant information to make new cells.
Basically, the instructions for how for how to make
new cells.
8. Terms/Structures
continued:
ī§ Vacuoles:These are fluid-filled structures
used to store different substances. In animal
cells there are often many small vacuoles.
ī§ Mitochondria: âPowerhousesâ of the cell.
What do you think this means?
ī§ This is a very important structure. They help
take the food the cell ate (for breakfast, lunch,
or dinner), and turn the it into energy. The
energy is needed to carry out activities.
9. The Plant
Cell:
ī§ Here we go again!
ī§ Plants cells have all of the structures
that animal cells do. But they also
have some structures that the animal
cell does not.
ī§ Plant cells have a cell wall and
chloroplasts
10. The three new structures for a plant
cell :
ī§ Cell Wall: This wall provides extra support for the cell and
gives it a shape. In other words, if there was no cell wall then
the cell would have no shape.
ī§ Chloroplasts: These make food for the plant. They are
green.
ī§ Chlorophyll: This is very important in making the food for the
plant. This structure takes in sunlight and makes sugar for the
plant to eat and become green
12. Cell
wall:
ī§ Non-living and outermost covering of a cell (plants
& bacteria)
ī§ Can be tough, rigid and sometimes flexible
ī§ Made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin
ī§ May be thin or thick, multilayered structure
ī§ Thickness varies from 50-1000 A
Function:
ī§ Provides definite shape, strength & rigidity
ī§ Prevents drying up(desiccation) of cells
ī§ Helps in controlling cell expansion
ī§ Protects cell from external pathogen
13. Nucleus:
ī§ Dense spherical body located near the centre
of the cell
ī§ Diameter varies from 10-25 Âĩm
ī§ Present in all the cells except red blood cells
and sieve tube cells
ī§ Well developed in plant and animal cells
ī§ Undeveloped in bacteria and blue-green
algae (cyanobacteria)
ī§ Most of the cells are uninucleate (having
only one nucleus)
ī§ Few types of cells have more than one
nucleus (skeletal muscle cells)
14. Nucleus:
ī§ Nucleus has a double layered covering
called nuclear membrane
ī§ Nuclear membrane has pores of diameter
about 80-100 nm
ī§ Colorless dense sap present inside the
nucleus known as nucleoplasm
ī§ Nucleoplasm contains round shaped
nucleolus and network of chromatin fibers
ī§ Fibers are composed of deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) and protein histone
ī§ These fibers condense to form
chromosomes during cell division
15. Cytoplasm
:
ī§ Jelly-like material formed by 80 % of water
ī§ Present between the plasma membrane and the
nucleus
ī§ Contains a clear liquid portion called cytosol and
various particles
ī§ Particles are proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids,
lipids and inorganic ions
ī§ Also contains many organelles with distinct
structure and function
ī§ Some of these organelles are visible only under an
electron microscope
ī§ Granular and dense in animal cells and thin in plant
cells
16. Vacuoles:
ī§ Single membrane sac filled with liquid or sap
(water, sugar and ions)
ī§ In animal cells, vacuoles are temporary, small in
size and few in number
ī§ In plant cells, vacuoles are large and more in
number
ī§ May be contractile or non-contractile
Function:
ī§ Store various substances including waste products
ī§ Maintain osmotic pressure of the cell
ī§ Store food particles in amoeba cells
ī§ Provide turgidity and rigidity to plant cells
17. Chloroplasts:
ī§ Double membrane-bound organelles found mainly in
plant cells
ī§ Usually spherical or discoidal in shape
ī§ Shows two distinct regions-grana and stroma
ī§ Grana are stacks of thylakoids (membrane bound,
flattened discs)
ī§ Thylakoids contain chlorophyll molecules which are
responsible for photosynthesis
ī§ Stroma is a colorless dense fluid
Function:
ī§ Convert light energy into chemical energy in the form
of food
ī§ Provide green colour to leaves, stems and vegetables
18. Animals cell Plant cell
1) Generally small in size 1) Generally large in size
2) Cell wall is absent 2) Cell wall is present
3) Plastids are absent 3) Plastids are present
4) Vacuoles are smaller in
size and less in number
4) Vacuoles are larger in size
size and more in number
5) Centrioles are present 5) Centrioles are absent
Animals VS Plant cells: