The document summarizes key components of animal cells: - Animal cells contain organelles such as the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles. The cell membrane encloses the cell and is selectively permeable. The nucleus contains DNA and directs protein synthesis. Mitochondria generate ATP to power cellular processes. - Animal cells differ from plant cells in lacking cell walls, chloroplasts, and having smaller vacuoles. Due to their lack of a cell wall, animal cells can adopt varied shapes while plant cells maintain a rectangular shape.

1. Holiday homework
By : “Aviral Gupta”

2. Animal cell
 An Animal cell is a form of eukaryotic cell that makes
up many tissues in animals. The animal cell is distinct
from other eukaryotes, most notably plant cells, as they
lack cell walls and chloroplasts, and they have
smaller vacuoles. Due to the lack of a rigid cell
wall, animal cells can adopt a variety of shapes, and
a phagocytic cell (white blood cells that protect the body
by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and
dead or dying cells) can even engulf other structures.

3. Animal Cell

4.  Cell Membrane  Golgi
 Cytoplasm apparatus
 Nucleus  Lysosomes
 Endoplasmic  Mitochondria
reticulum  Vacuoles

5. Cell Membrane
 The cell membrane or plasma
membrane is a biological membrane that
separates the interior of all cells from the
outside environment. The cell membrane
is selectively permeable to ions and
organic molecules and controls the
movement of substances in and out of
cells. It basically protects the cell from
outside forces. It consists of the lipid
bilayer with embedded proteins.

7. Cytoplasm
 The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance
residing between the cell membrane holding all
the cell's internal sub-structures (called
organelles), except for the nucleus. All the
contents of the cells of prokaryote organisms
(which lack a cell nucleus) are contained within
the cytoplasm. Within the cells
of eukaryote organisms the contents of the cell
nucleus are separated from the cytoplasm, and
are then called the nucleoplasm. The
cytoplasm is about 70% to 90% water and

8. Cytoplasm

9. Nucleus
 Nuclear membrane acts as a physical
barrier, separating the nucleoplasm from
the cytoplasm. It is a semi permeable
membrane and allows transport of
substances in and out of nucleus. Its inner
membrane is involved in protein synthesis.
It acts as a filter in animal cell and it is
brain like organ in animal cell. The
nucleus serves as a storage and
replication facility for DNA - the blueprint

10. Nucleus

11. Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an
 organelle of cells in eukaryotic organisms
that forms an interconnected network
of tubules, vesicles, and cisterna. The
structure of an endoplasmic reticulum is a
membranous network cisterna (sac-like
structures) held together by the
the cytoskeleton. The endoplasmic reticulum
serves many general functions, including the
facilitation of protein folding and the transport
of synthesized proteins in sacs

12. Endoplasmic reticulum

13. Golgi apparatus
 The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi
complex or Golgi body, is an organelle found in
most eukaryotic cells. It was identified in 1897 by
the Italian physician Camillo Golgi and named
after him in 1898. The Golgi is composed of
stacks of membrane-bound structures known
as cisternae. The function of the Golgi apparatus
is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other
materials from the cellular endoplasmic reticulum
for storage within the Cell and (much more often)
for the secretion of these proteinaceous bio-

14. Golgi apparatus

15. Lysosomes
 Lysosomes are cellular organelles that
contain acid hydrolase enzymes that
break down waste materials and cellular
debris. These are non-specific. They can
be described as the stomach of the cell.
They are found in animal cells, while their
existence in yeasts and plants are
disputed. These organelles are
responsible for digesting the
macromolecules that pose a threat to the

16. Lysosomes

17. Mitochondria
 In cell biology, mitochondrion is
a membrane-enclosed organelle found in
most eukaryotic cells. These organelles
range from 0.5 to 1.0 micrometer (μm) in
diameter. Mitochondria are sometimes
described as "cellular power plants"
because they generate most of the cell's
supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP),
used as a source of chemical energy. The
most prominent roles of mitochondria are
to produce the energy currency of the cell.

18. Mitochondria

19. Vacuoles
 A vacuole is a membrane- bound
organelle which is present in all plants and
fungal cells and some protist, animals and
bacterial cells. Vacuoles are essentially
enclosed compartments which are filled
with water containing inorganic and organic
molecules including enzymes in solution,
though in certain cases they may contain
solids which have been engulfed. It throws
unwanted material.

20. Vacuole

21. Animal
Cell

22. Deference between
Animal Cell And Plant Cell

23. Animal Cell Plant Cell
Shape: Round (irregular shape) Rectangular (fixed shape)
Cilia: Present It is very rare
Chloroplast: don't have chloroplasts Plant cells have chloroplasts
because they make their
own food
Lysosomes: occur in cytoplasm. usually not evident.
Vacuole: One or more small vacuoles (much One, large central vacuole
smaller than plant cells). taking up 90% of cell
volume.
Centrioles: Present in all animal cells Only present in lower plant
forms.
Plastids: Absent Present
Cell wall: Absent Present
Plasma Membrane: only cell membrane cell wall and cell membrane

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