This document provides information about the structures and organelles found within eukaryotic cells. It discusses the cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, and various organelles such as the cell wall, chloroplasts, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, nucleus, and vacuoles. The key differences between plant and animal cells are outlined, such as plant cells having a cell wall and large central vacuole while animal cells are generally smaller and lack a cell wall.

1. Cell Structure and Organelles

2. 2 Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell

3. Cytoplasm Jelly-like material that fills the space between the nucleus and cell membrane More than half the volume of a cell Important chemical reaction occur here Suspends the organelles

4. Cytoplasm and Cytokeleton Prokaryotes- all chemical processes of the cell take place in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotes- all chemical processes of the cell take place within organelles in the cytoplasm.

5. Cytoskeleton Network of thin, fibrous elements that act as a scaffold to provide support for organelles Helps maintain cell shape (like tent poles) Constantly changing structure

6. Cytoskeleton: composed of Microtubules – thin, hollow cylinders made of protein Microfilaments – thin, solid protein fibers

7. Organelle Function Plant, Animal or Both Cell Wall Supports and protects the cell Plant Centrioles Important for cell division Animal Chloroplast Contains chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place Plant Cilia Aid in movement and feeding Animal Cytoskeleton Framework for the cell within cytoplasm Both

8. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Packages and delivers proteins Both Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Makes lipids; breaks down toxins. Lacks ribosomes Both Flagella Aids in movement and feeding Both Golgi apparatus Modifies and packages proteins Both Lysosome Breaks down excess/worn down substance Animal

9. Mitochondria Makes energy available. Powerhouse of the cell. Both Nucleus Control center of the cell Both Nucleolus Produces ribosomes Both Plasma Membrane Boundary that controls movement of substances in and out of the cell Both Ribosome Site in protein synthesis Both Vacuole Place to store materials and wast products. Plant-1 big Animal-few small

10. Cilia Short, numerous Hair-like projections Beating movement is coordinated much like the stadium “wave” Used in locomotion in single-celled organisms Made of a central pair of microtubules surrounded by nine additional pairs

11. Flagella Longer projections Whip-like motion Not as numerous as cilia Used in locomotion in single-celled organisms Made of central pair of microtubules and surrounded by nine additional pairs

13. Organelles video clip

16. Similarities between plant cells and animal cells Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm Both have a nucleus Both contain mitochondria

17. Differences between plant cells and animal cells Animal cells Plant cells Relatively smaller in size Irregular shape No cell wall Relatively larger in size Regular shape Cell wall present

18. Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells Animal cells Plant cells Vacuole small or absent Glycogen as food storage Nucleus at the center Large central vacuole Starch as food storage Nucleus near cell wall

19. Cellular Organization Unicellular Multicellular Tissue Organs Organ system Organism