Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing molecules. Carbon forms four covalent bonds with other atoms. Organic molecules contain carbon skeletons to which other atoms can bind. Functional groups give molecules their function by determining how they interact. Carbohydrates are a class of organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen arranged in chains. The simplest carbohydrates are monosaccharides like glucose. Multiple monosaccharides can link together to form polysaccharides through dehydration synthesis. Examples of biologically important polysaccharides include starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin.

1. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon -based molecules Inorganic Molecule Organic Molecule Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds with other atoms!

2. Why is this important to you? So as a scientifically literate person you can intelligently judge this…

3. Carbon Skeleton – long chain of carbon atoms to which other atoms can bind

4. Functional Group – part of the molecule that gives the molecule its function (determines how the molecule will interact)‏

7. Hydrocarbons – organic molecules composed of only carbon and hydrogen

8. Organic Molecules Large organic molecules are called macromolecule s single unit - monomer many monomers linked together make a polymer

11. Monosaccharides -simplest kind of carbohydrate -consist of a single sugar molecule Glucose ( C 6 H 12 O 6 ) – sugar molecule that is the main source of energy

12. Disaccharides -two sugar molecules joined together by dehydration synthesis

13. Polysaccharide -3 or more monosaccharides joined together -type of polymer

14. Biologically Important Polysaccharides Starch –glucose polymer - energy storage in plants Glycogen –glucose polymer - energy storage in animals *Starch & Glycogen differ in their pattern of branching Glycogen is much more branched

15. What happens when you eat food? 1. Break down polysaccharides (either starch or glycogen) to get glucose 2. Glucose is used by cells for energy. 3. If any glucose is left over, it will be made into glycogen and stored for later 4. Break down storage polysaccharides to get glucose when needed

16. Cellulose –glucose polymer -structural molecule found in plant cell walls Chitin –glucose polymer -structural molecule in fungus cell walls and animal exoskeletons

17. Animals can digest starch, but cannot digest cellulose Certain bacteria can digest cellulose Ex. of mutualistic relationships: cows & bacteria termites & bacteria alpha glucose polymer (starch)‏ beta glucose polymer (cellulose)‏