The document discusses the four main molecules of life: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches and serve as energy sources. Proteins are made of amino acid chains and are essential for structure and enzymes. Lipids function as insulators and stores of energy and include fats, oils, and hormones. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain genetic information and are made of nucleotides consisting of phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous bases.

1. Molecules of life 4 main molecules of life Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids

2. Organic Compounds Building Blocks monomer Macromolecule polymer monosaccharide or simple sugar Polysaccharides or carbohydrate Fatty acids Fats and Lipids Amino Acids Proteins Nucleotides Nucleic Acids

3. carbohydrates Most abundant organic compound Contains oxygen, hydrogen & carbon 1:2:1 ratio Some functions Energy source Both quick and storage Support & structure Plants- cellulose Insects-chitin- exoskeleton

4. 3 basic types of carbohydrates Monosaccharides Simple sugars 5 or 6 carbons Examples- glucose & fructose Disaccharides Two sugars joined together Fructose + glucose= sucrose (table sugar) Polysaccharides Many simple sugars joined together Starch- energy storage plants Glycogen- energy storage animals Cellulose- structural support plants

5. Proteins Made of Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen (2 amino acids contain sulfur) Formed by chains of amino acids 20 different amino acids Organic Compound Essential to all life Important uses Structure enzymes

6. Lipids Large molecules Nonpolar organic molecules Functions Good insulators energy storage (tightly compact) Oils and waxes Steroids and hormones

8. Lipids Fatty acids Unbranched carbon chains hydrophilic end & hydrophobic end Hydrophilic Polar Water loving Hydrophobic Non polar Water fearing

9. Nucleic Acids Complex macromolecule that stores information in cells heredity Nucleic acids are polymers made of smaller subunits called nucleotides carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous Two types RNA and DNA

10. Nucleotides consist of Phosphate groups Pentose sugar Nitrogenous bases