Photosynthesis Part 2
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1. The document discusses the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis, including the role of chlorophyll, photosystems, and the Calvin cycle. 2. The light reactions use energy from sunlight to create ATP and NADPH through photosystem I and photosystem II in the thylakoid membrane, while the dark reactions use these products to incorporate carbon dioxide into glucose through the Calvin cycle. 3. The dark reactions cannot occur without ATP and NADPH produced during the light reactions, so while they do not require direct light, they are dependent on the light reactions taking place.
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The document summarizes the process of photosynthesis, which consists of two main steps - the light-dependent reaction and the light-independent Calvin cycle. The light-dependent reaction uses sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce ATP and NADPH through electron transport. The Calvin cycle then uses these products to incorporate carbon dioxide into glucose without the need for light. Photosynthesis overall produces glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight in the chloroplasts.
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Photosynthesis allows plants to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. It occurs in two phases within the chloroplast - the light dependent reactions where ATP and NADPH are produced, and the light independent Calvin cycle where glucose is assembled from carbon dioxide using ATP and NADPH. The overall equation is carbon dioxide + water + energy (sunlight) → glucose + oxygen.
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The document summarizes the process of photosynthesis, including the light-dependent and light-independent reactions. It explains that the light-dependent reactions use energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert NADP+ and ADP into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH. The light-independent Calvin cycle then uses ATP and NADPH to incorporate carbon dioxide into organic three-carbon sugar molecules like glucose, producing sugars that can be stored by the plant. Together, these two sets of reactions allow plants to harness energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy stored in sugars.
Photosynthesis 5 the light dependent reaction
The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. Light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH during this stage. This is done through non-cyclic and cyclic photophosphorylation, which use the energy from light to create proton gradients across membranes that are then used to generate ATP. Water plays a key role as it is split during photolysis to release electrons that are used in electron transport chains to produce ATP and NADPH. The light-independent reactions then take place in the stroma and use the ATP and NADPH produced to fix carbon from CO2 into sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids through carbon fixation pathways.
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Photosynthesis occurs in plant leaves and involves two main phases: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In the light reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and used to convert water to oxygen and produce ATP and NADPH. In the dark reactions, also called the Calvin cycle, the ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose in three main steps: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. Photosynthesis provides the basic energy source for essentially all life on Earth.
Light independent reactions of photosynthesis
The Calvin cycle is the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis that converts the energy from ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions into glucose. The cycle begins with carbon dioxide reacting with the five-carbon sugar RuBP to form an unstable six-carbon intermediate. This intermediate is then reduced and regenerated into two molecules of the three-carbon compound PGA. PGA is then converted into G3P using energy from ATP and NADPH, and G3P can be used to produce glucose or regenerate RuBP, using ATP.
Cyclic phosphorylation
This document presents a topic on cyclic photophosphorylation. It begins with an introduction to photophosphorylation and defines cyclic photophosphorylation. There are two types of photophosphorylation: cyclic and non-cyclic. Cyclic photophosphorylation involves the same excited electron returning to the excited chlorophyll, producing one ATP molecule. The mechanism involves an electron being energized in photosystem I and passing through an electron transport system before returning to the reaction center. This releases energy to produce ATP. The steps involve an electron moving from P700 to acceptors to the cytochrome complex and back to P700, producing one ATP via chemiosmosis.
2. glycolysis
Respiration requires organic molecules like glucose as fuel. Glucose is broken down through a series of steps to release chemical energy. In glycolysis, glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm. This produces two ATP molecules and reduces two NAD molecules. If oxygen is present, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion where it is converted to acetyl CoA and enters the Krebs cycle to further oxidize molecules, reducing NAD and FAD. These reduced carriers transfer hydrogen to the electron transport chain, generating ATP. Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor.
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Photosynthesis 5 the light dependent reaction
The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. Light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH during this stage. This is done through non-cyclic and cyclic photophosphorylation, which use the energy from light to create proton gradients across membranes that are then used to generate ATP. Water plays a key role as it is split during photolysis to release electrons that are used in electron transport chains to produce ATP and NADPH. The light-independent reactions then take place in the stroma and use the ATP and NADPH produced to fix carbon from CO2 into sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids through carbon fixation pathways.
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The Calvin cycle is the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis that converts the energy from ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions into glucose. The cycle begins with carbon dioxide reacting with the five-carbon sugar RuBP to form an unstable six-carbon intermediate. This intermediate is then reduced and regenerated into two molecules of the three-carbon compound PGA. PGA is then converted into G3P using energy from ATP and NADPH, and G3P can be used to produce glucose or regenerate RuBP, using ATP.
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2. glycolysis
Respiration requires organic molecules like glucose as fuel. Glucose is broken down through a series of steps to release chemical energy. In glycolysis, glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm. This produces two ATP molecules and reduces two NAD molecules. If oxygen is present, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion where it is converted to acetyl CoA and enters the Krebs cycle to further oxidize molecules, reducing NAD and FAD. These reduced carriers transfer hydrogen to the electron transport chain, generating ATP. Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor.
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3) The Calvin cycle takes place in the chloroplast stroma and uses the ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to incorporate CO2 into organic compounds, specifically glucose, in three steps of fixation, reduction, and regeneration.
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Energy is the ability to do work and can be transformed from one form to another, not created or destroyed. Cells store and release energy from biochemical reactions using ATP, which is produced through photosynthesis in plants or cellular respiration in animals and plants. Photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy stored in sugars, while cellular respiration releases energy from sugars through a series of redox reactions to ultimately produce ATP.
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3) The light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes and involve the absorption of light by pigments like chlorophyll, which drives electron transport and the production of ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle then uses these products to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.
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Similar to Photosynthesis Part 2
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This document provides an overview of photosynthesis presented by a group of 6 students. It describes the key processes and phases of photosynthesis including light reaction, dark reaction, photophosphorylation, photosystems, and alternative pathways such as C4 and CAM photosynthesis. The light reaction uses energy from sunlight to split water and produce ATP and NADPH. The dark reaction then uses these products to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into sugars.
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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and cyanobacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. It occurs in two phases: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light reactions capture energy from sunlight and use it to make ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle uses these products to incorporate carbon from carbon dioxide into organic compounds to fuel the plant. Some plants use alternative pathways like C4 or CAM photosynthesis that help reduce photorespiration and increase water use efficiency.
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Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. In the light reactions, solar energy is converted to ATP and NADPH through photosystems in the thylakoid membranes. The Calvin cycle then uses ATP and NADPH to incorporate CO2 into organic molecules like glucose. Photosynthesis is essential as it produces oxygen and stores solar energy in sugars that fuel life on Earth.
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The document summarizes key aspects of photosynthesis. It describes that photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and certain microorganisms, which use light energy to synthesize organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. The two main stages are the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy in ATP and NADPH, and the Calvin cycle, which uses these products to fix carbon into sugars like glucose.
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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of sugar. It takes place in the chloroplasts of plant leaves using the green pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight which is used to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose through a pair of light-dependent and light-independent reactions. This process provides a crucial source of food for plants and oxygen for animals and is essential for life on Earth.
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Photosynthesis occurs in three main steps:
1) Light-dependent reactions in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH via the electron transport chain.
2) The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon from CO2 into 3-carbon sugar phosphates, which are then reduced and regenerated to produce G3P.
3) G3P molecules are combined to form glucose, providing an energy-storing organic compound for cells. The oxygen produced as a byproduct is released for other organisms to use.
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Photosynthesis has two phases: the light reaction and dark reaction. The light reaction uses photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. It occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. The dark reaction uses these products to fix carbon and produce sugars. The light reaction involves three steps: excitation of photosystems, production of ATP via electron transport, and reduction of NADP+ and photolysis of water. This is summarized by the Z-scheme which represents the electron flow and energy changes. Photophosphorylation uses the proton gradient generated by electron transport to synthesize ATP via chemiosmosis.
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The document describes the structure and function of chloroplasts and the two light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis:
1) The light reactions take place in the grana of chloroplasts and use solar energy captured by photosystems I and II to generate ATP and NADPH.
2) Photosystem II absorbs light and uses it to excite electrons that are passed through an electron transport chain, pumping protons across the membrane and producing ATP. Oxygen is released as a byproduct.
3) Photosystem I then absorbs light and excites electrons that reduce NADP+ to NADPH through another electron transport chain.
1 outline the steps involved in synthesizing AT and NADPH for use in.pdf
1 outline the steps involved in synthesizing AT and NADPH for use in the Calvin cycle.
2 Outline the 3 phases of the Calvin Cycle.
Solution
1) STEPS INVOLVED IN SYNTHESIZING ATP AND NADPH
Synthesis of ATP and NADPH occurs during the light-dependent reactions in the first phase of
photosynthesis. The first phase of photosynthesis is to convert solar energy into chemical energy
in the form of ATP and NADPH which will be used further in the light-independent reactions
(Calvin\'s cycle). NADPH and ATP are produced from the combined work of protein complexes
and pigment molecules.
PRODUCTION OF ATP & NADPH
This process takes place in a multiprotein complex called photosystem. The thylakoid membrane
of the chloroplast consists of two photosystems. They are the, Photosystem I (P680) and
Photosystem II (P700).
PHOTOSYSTEMS
These are the structural and functional units of protein complexes that are found in the thylakoid
membranes of chloroplasts that carry out the absorption of light and trasfer of energy and
electrons during photosynthesis.
Each photosystem consists of multiple antenna proteins that contain a mixture of 300–400
chlorophyll a and b molecules, and also pigments like carotenoids.
Cytochrome b6f complex and ATP synthase are the major protein complexes in the thylakoid
membrane that work with the photosystems to create ATP and NADPH.
STEPS INVOLVED
Chlorophyll in the photosystem absorbs light energy. In PS II light energy is used to split water
into 2 electrons, 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen molecule.
Chlorophyll a in the reaction centre of PS II absorbs a photon which excites the electron in the
molecule to a higher level. As the state of the eletron is highly unstable, the electron is
transferred to another molecule creating a chain of reactions called Electron Transport Chain
(ETC).
Electrons flow from PS II to cytochrome b6f to PS I. During this transistion they loose energy
and has to re energized. Hence another photon is absorbed by the protein antenna and the energy
is transmitted to the PS I reaction centre known as P700 which gets oxidized and sends a high
energy electron to reduce NADP+ to NADPH and releases oxygen as a waste product.
ATP is produced by Cytochrome b6f and ATP Synthase by a process called photophospyrlation.
Two types of photophosphorylation takes place during ATP synthesis. They are
Cyclic photophosphorylation
This process involves photosystem I and P700. Energy is provided to produce a proton gradient
across the membrane that is used to power ATP synthase during chemiosmosis (movement of
ions from higher to lower concentration) which helps in the conversion of ADP to ATP. Hence
the electrons travel in a cylic manner back to the PS I, this reaction is called as cyclic
photophosphoryltaion.
Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
Photosystem I and II are used in a series in non-cyclic photophosphorylation. P680 is the
reaction centre invovled in this process and the electrons travel in a non-cyclic manner.
Photolysis .
photosystem Iand II,ETC
1. The document discusses photosynthesis and the light dependent reactions that take place in chloroplasts.
2. It describes the two photosystems, photosystem I and photosystem II, their reaction centers and electron transport chains, and how they work together to produce ATP, NADPH, and oxygen through noncyclic electron flow.
3. It also explains cyclic electron flow which uses only photosystem I and generates ATP without producing NADPH or oxygen.
Photosynthesis CR Ch 10
The document summarizes key aspects of photosynthesis. It describes that photosynthesis uses light energy to power chemical reactions that capture carbon dioxide and produce oxygen and energy molecules like ATP and NADPH. It then explains the two main stages of photosynthesis - the light-dependent reactions where light energy is captured and stored chemically, and the Calvin cycle where the stored energy is used to incorporate carbon dioxide into sugars.
Non Cyclic Transport
all 2D - i uploaded it here in fb for you to study... refresh lng para hindi hard sa part nyo during exam..
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Photosynthesis power point
Photosynthesis converts sunlight into chemical energy through a series of light-dependent and light-independent reactions. The light reactions use energy from sunlight to produce ATP and NADPH, which provide energy and electrons to drive the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle fixes carbon from carbon dioxide into organic three-carbon sugars like glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, using the ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions. One sugar molecule is used for growth, while five are recycled to regenerate the starter molecule for the next round of the Calvin cycle.
8.3 photosynthesis
The document summarizes photosynthesis, including both the light-dependent and light-independent reactions. It explains that the light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes and produce ATP and NADPH through the absorption of light by photosystems. The light-independent reactions take place in the chloroplast stroma and use ATP and NADPH to produce glucose through the Calvin cycle. The structure of the chloroplast is adapted to efficiently carry out these two stages of photosynthesis through the stacking of thylakoids and positioning of the stroma.
Photosynthesis Slide.pdf
Most life on Earth depends on photosynthesis.The process is carried out by plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, which capture energy from sunlight to produce oxygen (O2) and chemical energy stored in glucose (a sugar). Herbivores then obtain this energy by eating plants, and carnivores obtain it by eating herbivores.
The process
During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose. The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air, and stores energy within the glucose molecules.
Chlorophyll
Inside the plant cell are small organelles called chloroplasts, which store the energy of sunlight. Within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast is a light-absorbing pigment called chlorophyll, which is responsible for giving the plant its green color. During photosynthesis, chlorophyll absorbs energy from blue- and red-light waves, and reflects green-light waves, making the plant appear green.
Light-dependent reactions vs. light-independent reactions
While there are many steps behind the process of photosynthesis, it can be broken down into two major stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reaction takes place within the thylakoid membrane and requires a steady stream of sunlight, hence the name light-dependent reaction. The chlorophyll absorbs energy from the light waves, which is converted into chemical energy in the form of the molecules ATP and NADPH. The light-independent stage, also known as the Calvin Cycle, takes place in the stroma, the space between the thylakoid membranes and the chloroplast membranes, and does not require light, hence the name light-independent reaction. During this stage, energy from the ATP and NADPH molecules is used to assemble carbohydrate molecules, like glucose, from carbon dioxide.
C3 and C4 photosynthesis
Not all forms of photosynthesis are created equal, however. There are different types of photosynthesis, including C3 photosynthesis and C4 photosynthesis. C3 photosynthesis is used by the majority of plants. It involves producing a three-carbon compound called 3-phosphoglyceric acid during the Calvin Cycle, which goes on to become glucose. C4 photosynthesis, on the other hand, produces a four-carbon intermediate compound, which splits into carbon dioxide and a three-carbon compound during the Calvin Cycle. A benefit of C4 photosynthesis is that by producing higher levels of carbon, it allows plants to thrive in environments without much light or water.
3.8 8.2 Photosynthesis PPT
1. Photosynthesis occurs in leaves through two stages - the light dependent and light independent reactions.
2. In the light dependent reactions, light energy is captured by chloroplasts and used to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy carriers (ATP and NADPH).
3. The light independent reactions, known as the Calvin cycle, use the energy from ATP and NADPH to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into sugars.
Photosynthes
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. The light-dependent reactions use energy from sunlight to convert water to oxygen and produce ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle then uses the ATP and NADPH to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into organic molecules like glucose. Photosynthesis is essential for life as it produces the oxygen and food on which nearly all organisms depend.
Photosynthesis
This document summarizes key aspects of photosynthesis. It describes that photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Light energy is captured and used to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into sugars, with oxygen as a byproduct. The process takes place in chloroplasts and involves two stages - the light reactions where ATP and NADPH are produced, and the dark reactions where CO2 is fixed into sugars. Pigments like chlorophyll and accessory pigments harvest light energy which is used to power electron transport and produce chemical energy carriers.
Photosynthesis
The document provides an overview of the light capturing reaction of photosynthesis. It describes that photons from sunlight provide the energy to drive the reaction of 6CO2 + 6H2O producing C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2. The light capturing reaction occurs in the thylakoids within chloroplasts, where chlorophyll a and b absorb light and pass excited electrons down an electron transport chain to produce ATP. A second photon is then absorbed to pass an electron to NADP+, reducing it to NADPH. This process generates ATP, NADPH, oxygen, and breaks down water.
Chapter08 Revised
The document discusses various topics related to photosynthesis and energy transfer in living things:
- Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen through light-dependent and Calvin cycle reactions in chloroplasts.
- ATP is the universal energy currency in cells. It is produced through light-dependent reactions and used in the Calvin cycle to make carbohydrates.
- Chlorophyll and other pigments absorb light energy which is used to split water, producing electrons used to make ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle.
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Misconception
Science itself is amoral and neither good nor evil; while scientific principles can be misused to harm others, that does not make the science itself inherently bad. Any scientific discovery or principle can potentially be framed or portrayed as "evil" by those who disagree with or dislike its findings.
Nature of Science (2010-11)
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Cell Respiration (part 1)
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2. ATP then provides chemical energy to drive other chemical reactions in cells. Whenever energy is converted, some is lost as heat and cannot be reused for other reactions.
3. The document defines calories as a unit of energy equal to the amount required to raise 1g of water by 1 degree C. Nutritional labels measure calories in kilocalories to account for the large number of calories in foods.
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A population is a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area, rely on the same resources, and face similar challenges. The document discusses characteristics of populations such as population size and density. It also describes three sampling techniques used to estimate population density and size: quadrats, indirect counting, and the mark-recapture method, which uses the number of individuals captured twice to estimate the total population size.
Photosynthesis Part 1
This document discusses photosynthesis and the process by which plants convert light energy to chemical energy. It explains that chloroplasts in plant cells contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light for photosynthesis. Different pigments like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids absorb different wavelengths of light and reflect different colors, which determines the color we see in leaves. In fall, leaves change color as chlorophyll production decreases and carotenoid pigments become visible.
Energy Flow
Plants and other autotrophs are called producers because they convert inorganic material to organic compounds through photosynthesis. However, the term producer is misleading as plants produce organic compounds primarily for themselves, not just for animal consumption. Energy flows through ecosystems in a non-linear web, with only about 10% of energy transferred from each trophic level to the next as it is lost to the environment.
Climate Change
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It explains that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the planet to warm over time. While the ozone hole does not cause global warming, human activities like burning fossil fuels are releasing large amounts of carbon into the air. This is increasing the greenhouse effect and driving global climate change, which could have significant impacts according to predictions, especially in sensitive places like the Antarctic Peninsula.
Population Growth
The document discusses several topics related to population growth:
1) It provides the current human population on Earth and in the US according to the US Census Bureau.
2) It discusses the factors that influence population growth rates, including biotic potential, environmental resistance, carrying capacity, and boom-bust cycles in populations.
3) It notes that human population growth has followed an exponential pattern over history. The rapid growth is influenced by increased food availability but may outpace resources according to 18th century economist Thomas Malthus.
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This document defines common anatomical terms used to describe the orientation and location of structures in the body. It lists dorsal as the back, ventral as the abdominal side, anterior as the front end and posterior as the rear end. It then provides additional terms like cephalic for the head region, cranial for the upper head, and caudal for the tail end.
Phylum Chordata - Class Mammalia
Mammals are divided into three groups based on how they reproduce and care for their young. Most placental mammals give birth to fully developed young, marsupials give birth to embryos that develop further in the mother's pouch, and monotremes are the only egg-laying mammals. All mammals possess hair, mammary glands that produce milk to feed their young, and maintain a constant internal temperature through endothermy.
Phylum Chordata - Class Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia
Amniotes such as reptiles, birds, and mammals have three key characteristics that decrease their dependence on water: 1) Amniotic eggs that are waterproof and contain fluid for embryo development, 2) Internal fertilization, and 3) Water-tight skin made of keratin that prevents dehydration. Reptiles have scales as their water-tight skin while birds evolved from small dinosaurs and have feathers that function in flight, insulation, and as modified scales. Birds are endothermic like mammals and have specialized adaptations for flight including wing shape, feathers, air sacs for respiration, lightweight honeycombed bones, and lack of teeth replaced by a muscular gizzard.
Phylum Chordata - Class Amphibia
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Phylum Chordata - Class Pisces
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Taxonomy
There are currently 1.8 million known species on Earth that are organized into taxonomic groups using a hierarchical classification system of domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. Scientists use cladograms and phylogenetic trees to visually represent evolutionary relationships between organisms based on shared homologous structures and molecular data, with branch lengths proportional to evolutionary time between related species. However, analogous structures that arise from convergent evolution in similar environments are not evidence of a recent common ancestor.
Animal Phyla
The document describes several animal phyla including porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda, annelida, mollusca, echinodermata, arthropoda, and chordata. It provides details on key characteristics of each phylum such as body structure, symmetry, digestive system, circulatory system, and examples of common species.
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- 1. General Hmk: CC 8.2 & 8.3 Honors Hmk: CC 7.5, 7.7 – 7.11 Objective: Light and Dark Reactions of Photosynthesis Procedure: 1. PP lecture 2. Begin homework Bell-Work: Explain this cartoon. November 8, 2006
- 2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Sugar ATP & NADPH (from light reaction) and CO 2 Stroma Dark reaction (Calvin cycle) ATP & NADPH and O 2 Light energy and H 2 O Thylakoid membrane Light reaction CREATES USES LOCATION STEP
- 6. The pigment molecules in chlorophyll are arranged in clusters called photosystems
- 8. Energy photons e - excited e - heat energy
- 10. There are 2 types of photosystems and 2 parts to the light reactions Photosystem II Photosystem I Energy photons O 2 H 2 O e - excited e - ATP e - TC e - excited e - NADPH photons
- 12. 1 CO 2 glucose It takes SIX turns of the cycle to make one glucose ATP ATP NADPH ADP ADP NADP + Calvin Cycle
- 14. Clear Your Desk of everything but your notes QUIZ
- 15. 1 2 5 (the reaction) 6 3 4 7 8 9 10 (the reaction) 11