The document discusses telecommunication systems for high-rise buildings. It describes various types of telecommunication systems including optical, radio, full-duplex, and half-duplex systems. It also discusses considerations for telecommunication installations in high-rise buildings such as distribution cables, vertical ducts, sizing of shafts, and sharing of risers with other services. The document uses Petronas Twin Towers as a case study to illustrate the telecommunication system installed, including use of optical fiber cables, composite and hybrid cables, and private circuits.
This document discusses the telecommunication system requirements and design for a high-rise building. It covers the installation process including main distribution frames, telecom rooms, optical distribution frames and cable pathways. It also discusses general requirements for telecom spaces, safety precautions, management systems, fiber optic advantages and disadvantages. A case study of the proposed 52-story Santander Bank Tower is presented, which was designed with a sustainable and hurricane-proof telecom infrastructure to meet the client's needs.
Telecommunication for high rise building presentationJäkê Čhŷį Śêrñ
The document discusses the telecommunication system requirements for a proposed 860-foot high-rise building in Miami, Florida. It outlines the need for telecom rooms at each floor connected by fiber optic and copper backbone cables. The building will have a 1,100 square foot data center to house servers and manage building operations. Horizontal cabling will be Category 6+ to support high bandwidth and fast transmission speeds within the building. An internet-based security system will allow tenants to manage their own office spaces.
This document provides an introduction to building services and mechanical and electrical systems in buildings. It defines building services as everything inside a building that makes it safe and comfortable, including energy supply, heating/cooling, plumbing, lighting, transportation systems, security, and more. Mechanical and electrical systems are critical to modern buildings, providing features like lighting, temperature control, power, and life safety systems. The document outlines various mechanical systems like HVAC, plumbing, and fire protection, and electrical systems like power, lighting, and special systems. It provides checklists to help determine building requirements and scope M&E systems.
Telecommunication Services for High Rise BuildingsPang Shuen
The document discusses telecommunication services for high-rise buildings. It introduces telecommunication systems and challenges in high-rise buildings like fire safety and efficient service. It covers applications like fiber optics and copper cables. It also discusses structured cabling systems, main distribution frames, telecom rooms, and network architectures. Finally, it examines potential problems like damage to cables, maintenance issues, and space shortages as well as examples of cable types. A case study on the Petronas Twin Towers elaborates on its sophisticated internal telecom infrastructure designed to support worldwide operations.
building services -Lift's and escalatorsKethees Waran
1. The document discusses the history and development of elevators and escalators. It traces elevators back to 236 BC and discusses improvements like Elisha Otis' safety elevator in 1852.
2. It then covers various types of lifts according to function, including trade lifts, hospital lifts, high residential lifts, and others. It discusses characteristics, components, selection factors, and installation considerations for lifts.
3. The document also examines lift design considerations like population, handling capacity, interval, categories according to function, and installation by zone systems for tall buildings.
This document discusses electrical systems in buildings. It covers topics like electricity generation, distribution circuits, wiring systems, earthing systems, domestic supply, electrical appliances and electric installations. The key points are:
- Electricity is generated using water or fossil fuels and transmitted through transformers at high voltages to reduce losses.
- Buildings are supplied electricity through single or three phase distribution depending on the load. Wiring systems include cleat, casing, conduit and surface wiring.
- Earthing systems provide protection against faults and lightning. Two classes of protection are used.
- Electrical appliances convert electricity to light, heat and power for uses like lighting, cooking and entertainment.
- Proper planning, design
1. The document discusses telecommunication systems in high-rise buildings, including applications, structured cabling systems, vertical and horizontal cabling, management systems, and potential problems.
2. It describes how structured cabling systems provide telecommunications infrastructure through network and backbone cabling. Main distribution frames and telecom rooms are used to connect cables between floors.
3. Horizontal cabling can use home-run or zone distribution methods to connect users. Management systems like PBX and hosted PBX have evolved to switch calls between internal users and external lines more efficiently.
4. Potential problems include cable damage, maintenance neglect, and space limitations impacting performance as high-rise telecom systems become more complex. Regular maintenance and innovative
Telecommunication involves the transmission of messages over distances for communication purposes. Historically, visual signals like smoke signals were used, but modern telecommunication relies on electrical signals transmitted via cables, radio waves or other media. All telecommunication systems have four basic components - a sender that creates a signal from information, a transmission medium that carries the signal, a receiver that converts the signal back into usable information, and a communication channel connecting sender and receiver. Examples of telecommunication tools include the telegraph, telephone, radio, television and computer networks. Communication can be transmitted via analog signals like voice or digital signals like computer data. Key developments in Malaysia's telecommunication history include the first telegraph cable in 1870, telephone exchanges in the 1890s
This document discusses the telecommunication system requirements and design for a high-rise building. It covers the installation process including main distribution frames, telecom rooms, optical distribution frames and cable pathways. It also discusses general requirements for telecom spaces, safety precautions, management systems, fiber optic advantages and disadvantages. A case study of the proposed 52-story Santander Bank Tower is presented, which was designed with a sustainable and hurricane-proof telecom infrastructure to meet the client's needs.
Telecommunication for high rise building presentationJäkê Čhŷį Śêrñ
The document discusses the telecommunication system requirements for a proposed 860-foot high-rise building in Miami, Florida. It outlines the need for telecom rooms at each floor connected by fiber optic and copper backbone cables. The building will have a 1,100 square foot data center to house servers and manage building operations. Horizontal cabling will be Category 6+ to support high bandwidth and fast transmission speeds within the building. An internet-based security system will allow tenants to manage their own office spaces.
This document provides an introduction to building services and mechanical and electrical systems in buildings. It defines building services as everything inside a building that makes it safe and comfortable, including energy supply, heating/cooling, plumbing, lighting, transportation systems, security, and more. Mechanical and electrical systems are critical to modern buildings, providing features like lighting, temperature control, power, and life safety systems. The document outlines various mechanical systems like HVAC, plumbing, and fire protection, and electrical systems like power, lighting, and special systems. It provides checklists to help determine building requirements and scope M&E systems.
Telecommunication Services for High Rise BuildingsPang Shuen
The document discusses telecommunication services for high-rise buildings. It introduces telecommunication systems and challenges in high-rise buildings like fire safety and efficient service. It covers applications like fiber optics and copper cables. It also discusses structured cabling systems, main distribution frames, telecom rooms, and network architectures. Finally, it examines potential problems like damage to cables, maintenance issues, and space shortages as well as examples of cable types. A case study on the Petronas Twin Towers elaborates on its sophisticated internal telecom infrastructure designed to support worldwide operations.
building services -Lift's and escalatorsKethees Waran
1. The document discusses the history and development of elevators and escalators. It traces elevators back to 236 BC and discusses improvements like Elisha Otis' safety elevator in 1852.
2. It then covers various types of lifts according to function, including trade lifts, hospital lifts, high residential lifts, and others. It discusses characteristics, components, selection factors, and installation considerations for lifts.
3. The document also examines lift design considerations like population, handling capacity, interval, categories according to function, and installation by zone systems for tall buildings.
This document discusses electrical systems in buildings. It covers topics like electricity generation, distribution circuits, wiring systems, earthing systems, domestic supply, electrical appliances and electric installations. The key points are:
- Electricity is generated using water or fossil fuels and transmitted through transformers at high voltages to reduce losses.
- Buildings are supplied electricity through single or three phase distribution depending on the load. Wiring systems include cleat, casing, conduit and surface wiring.
- Earthing systems provide protection against faults and lightning. Two classes of protection are used.
- Electrical appliances convert electricity to light, heat and power for uses like lighting, cooking and entertainment.
- Proper planning, design
1. The document discusses telecommunication systems in high-rise buildings, including applications, structured cabling systems, vertical and horizontal cabling, management systems, and potential problems.
2. It describes how structured cabling systems provide telecommunications infrastructure through network and backbone cabling. Main distribution frames and telecom rooms are used to connect cables between floors.
3. Horizontal cabling can use home-run or zone distribution methods to connect users. Management systems like PBX and hosted PBX have evolved to switch calls between internal users and external lines more efficiently.
4. Potential problems include cable damage, maintenance neglect, and space limitations impacting performance as high-rise telecom systems become more complex. Regular maintenance and innovative
Telecommunication involves the transmission of messages over distances for communication purposes. Historically, visual signals like smoke signals were used, but modern telecommunication relies on electrical signals transmitted via cables, radio waves or other media. All telecommunication systems have four basic components - a sender that creates a signal from information, a transmission medium that carries the signal, a receiver that converts the signal back into usable information, and a communication channel connecting sender and receiver. Examples of telecommunication tools include the telegraph, telephone, radio, television and computer networks. Communication can be transmitted via analog signals like voice or digital signals like computer data. Key developments in Malaysia's telecommunication history include the first telegraph cable in 1870, telephone exchanges in the 1890s
This document provides an overview of the mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems used in the Lifepoint Building located in Subang Jaya, Malaysia. It was originally an office building that was renovated into a church and community center. The main hall uses a central air conditioning system with air handling units located above the storage room to supply cool air. Split unit AC systems are used in smaller spaces. The mechanical ventilation system uses natural inlet through windows and mechanical exhaust via propeller fans in the toilets and pantry. The air conditioning and ventilation systems aim to provide a comfortable indoor environment for occupants as required by building standards and regulations.
This document contains the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984 of Malaysia. It establishes regulations for building construction and development. The by-laws cover preliminary matters, plan submission and approval processes, space and ventilation requirements, temporary works, structural requirements, construction standards, fire safety standards, fire alarms and equipment, and miscellaneous provisions. It includes 10 schedules with further details. The by-laws were created under the Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974 to regulate building construction and development in Malaysia.
The document provides details about a large development project in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It includes specifications like the total area being 7.59 acres with a building height of 310 meters. It lists the main contractor and various subcontractors responsible for mechanical, electrical, fire protection and other systems. It notes the north and south wings have 77 and 55 stories respectively, with lift lobbies, utilities and a helipad located in the core area. Food courts and sky gardens are placed every six floors.
This document discusses telecommunication services for a high-rise building project. It covers the installation process including main distribution frames, fiber termination boxes, riser closets, and pathways. It also discusses application requirements, management systems, advantages and disadvantages of telecommunication and fiber optic cables. A case study of a luxury apartment development called Upper East@Tiger Lane is provided as an example, outlining its telecommunication infrastructure design including fiber to home services. Suggestions are made for future improvements to telecommunication systems.
Wall finishes provide decorative coverings for walls, ceilings and floors and conceal building components. Common internal wall finishes include plaster, paint, wallpaper, wood panelling, cement plaster, laminate, tiles and mirrors. Finishes are either self finishes that are inherent in the material or applied finishes that require application on site. Factors like intended use, maintenance needs and durability must be considered when selecting wall finishes. Proper application and allowing finishes to fully dry is important to prevent damage.
Telecommunication systems for high-rise buildings require careful planning and installation. Key components include:
1. Distribution cables run from the main distribution frame in the basement to telecommunication rooms on each floor. Vertical ducts contain these cables and are centrally located.
2. The main distribution frame in the basement connects the building to the central office. It is the main hub for telecommunication equipment and connections.
3. Telecommunication rooms on each floor contain equipment and allow cables to connect to outlets on that floor. The rooms must meet safety and accessibility standards.
This document provides information about the building services systems in Summit USJ, which include mechanical and air conditioning, electrical supply, fire protection, and vertical transportation systems. It describes the centralized air conditioning system, which uses a cooling tower, air handling unit room, ducting system and different types of supply and return air diffusers. The electrical system is discussed, including distribution panels, conduit, the main switchboard room, transformer room, and meter room. Fire protection systems and vertical transportation systems are also mentioned. Problems and recommendations for improving the ventilation and fire protection systems will be analyzed.
This document provides information about different types of floor finishes. It discusses terrazzo, stone, timber, brick, plain cement concrete and vinyl flooring. For each type of flooring, it describes the materials used, installation process, advantages, disadvantages and applications. The document is intended to educate group members Afaq, Aiman, Ashhar, Bushra, Shahab, Sundus and Zohra about the various options for floor finishes.
The document discusses building services systems at PJ Trade Centre, including air conditioning, electrical supply, fire protection, and mechanical ventilation/transportation systems. It provides an introduction and literature review on each system, as well as case studies detailing the components, functions, regulations, and diagrams of the air conditioning, electrical, and fire protection systems implemented at the building. The document is a case study report authored by six students analyzing and documenting the various building services systems.
Passive Fire Protection According to UBBL MalaysiaZhao Wei Kim
This document discusses passive fire protection design and application. It covers key concepts like compartmentation, limits on compartment sizes, separation of fire risk areas, protection of stairs and lobbies, and access for firefighting. The document provides information on code requirements for maximum travel distances, occupant load capacities of exits, exit width calculations, and ventilation of stairs and lobbies according to the UBBL (Uniform Building By-Laws). Diagrams illustrate compartmentation strategies and exit routing considerations.
Building Service Project 2 Case Study ReportJoyeeLee0131
A case study on Jaya Shopping Centre located at Petaling Jaya, Selangor of the building services such as ACMV system, Fire Protection System and Mechanical Transportation system.
The document discusses various types of floor finishes that can be used for commercial, residential and industrial settings. It describes different flooring materials like tiles, wood, PVC, marble, granite, glass and natural stones. For each material, it provides details on types, finish, durability, usage, installation process, costs and maintenance requirements. The document also provides specifications and laying procedures for ceramic tiles and stone flooring.
1. The document discusses different types of electrical wires and cables used in building services, including PVC, TRS, and flexible wires.
2. It also covers basics of electricity, including Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, and different types of earthing systems used in buildings and industrial installations.
3. Types of earthing systems discussed are conventional earthing using plates and pipes, as well as TN, TT, and IT systems. Electrical and instrument earthing systems are also compared.
The document discusses the key building service systems - electrical, water, sewerage/sanitary, and rainwater drainage. It provides an overview of each system including their introduction/function, main components, operation, relevant regulations, and diagrams. The electrical system covers components like meters, distribution boxes, plug points and switches. The water system includes meters, valves, pipes and storage tanks. Sewerage components discussed are traps, manholes and sumps. Relevant regulations from the UBBL and other acts are also mentioned.
This document discusses industrialized building systems used in Malaysia, specifically tunnel formwork and aluminum formwork. It provides an overview of each system, including their construction processes. Tunnel formwork involves pouring concrete into steel formwork to form walls and slabs in one operation. Aluminum formwork uses aluminum panels as molds to cast concrete structures and provides benefits like high quality finishes, precision, and reduced construction time. The document also outlines the advantages of these systems such as cost savings, shorter timelines, and improved safety; as well as some disadvantages like high initial costs and transportation challenges.
This document discusses natural ventilation and factors that affect air flow in and around buildings. It covers topics like the functions of natural ventilation including supplying fresh air and removing contaminants. Thermal stack effect and convective cooling are natural ventilation methods driven by temperature differences. Wind flow patterns are impacted by various building configurations and elements like wing walls, chimneys and wind catchers. Factors that influence indoor air flow include window openings, atria, and wind speed and direction.
Modular coordination is a concept of coordination of dimension and space, in which buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned in a term of a basic unit or module, known as ‘1M’ which is equivalent to 100 mm.
The document provides an analysis of the fire protection systems at the Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre (KLPAC). It discusses both the active and passive fire protection systems. The active systems include heat detectors, smoke detectors, alarms, sprinklers, and fire extinguishers. The passive systems include fire walls, rated doors, smoke curtains, emergency exits, and fire stairs. The analysis examines how these systems function, how they comply with regulations, and provides recommendations for improvement of the fire protection at the building.
1. The document discusses the telecommunication system requirements for a proposed 860ft high-rise building in Miami for Santander Bank.
2. It describes the key components of the system including a 1,100sf data center, fibre optic and copper cabling running from the data center to intermediate distribution frames on each floor, and a private automatic branch exchange phone system.
3. An internet-based security system is proposed to enable tenants to manage their own office spaces while also allowing building management overall control.
This document discusses the installation process and requirements for telecommunication services in high-rise buildings. It outlines the key components of the system including the manhole, main telecommunication room, main distribution frame, fibre termination box, floor telecom closet, and containment system. It also covers general specifications for telecom rooms, safety precautions, and compares fiber optic cable to copper wire.
This document provides an overview of the mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems used in the Lifepoint Building located in Subang Jaya, Malaysia. It was originally an office building that was renovated into a church and community center. The main hall uses a central air conditioning system with air handling units located above the storage room to supply cool air. Split unit AC systems are used in smaller spaces. The mechanical ventilation system uses natural inlet through windows and mechanical exhaust via propeller fans in the toilets and pantry. The air conditioning and ventilation systems aim to provide a comfortable indoor environment for occupants as required by building standards and regulations.
This document contains the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984 of Malaysia. It establishes regulations for building construction and development. The by-laws cover preliminary matters, plan submission and approval processes, space and ventilation requirements, temporary works, structural requirements, construction standards, fire safety standards, fire alarms and equipment, and miscellaneous provisions. It includes 10 schedules with further details. The by-laws were created under the Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974 to regulate building construction and development in Malaysia.
The document provides details about a large development project in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It includes specifications like the total area being 7.59 acres with a building height of 310 meters. It lists the main contractor and various subcontractors responsible for mechanical, electrical, fire protection and other systems. It notes the north and south wings have 77 and 55 stories respectively, with lift lobbies, utilities and a helipad located in the core area. Food courts and sky gardens are placed every six floors.
This document discusses telecommunication services for a high-rise building project. It covers the installation process including main distribution frames, fiber termination boxes, riser closets, and pathways. It also discusses application requirements, management systems, advantages and disadvantages of telecommunication and fiber optic cables. A case study of a luxury apartment development called Upper East@Tiger Lane is provided as an example, outlining its telecommunication infrastructure design including fiber to home services. Suggestions are made for future improvements to telecommunication systems.
Wall finishes provide decorative coverings for walls, ceilings and floors and conceal building components. Common internal wall finishes include plaster, paint, wallpaper, wood panelling, cement plaster, laminate, tiles and mirrors. Finishes are either self finishes that are inherent in the material or applied finishes that require application on site. Factors like intended use, maintenance needs and durability must be considered when selecting wall finishes. Proper application and allowing finishes to fully dry is important to prevent damage.
Telecommunication systems for high-rise buildings require careful planning and installation. Key components include:
1. Distribution cables run from the main distribution frame in the basement to telecommunication rooms on each floor. Vertical ducts contain these cables and are centrally located.
2. The main distribution frame in the basement connects the building to the central office. It is the main hub for telecommunication equipment and connections.
3. Telecommunication rooms on each floor contain equipment and allow cables to connect to outlets on that floor. The rooms must meet safety and accessibility standards.
This document provides information about the building services systems in Summit USJ, which include mechanical and air conditioning, electrical supply, fire protection, and vertical transportation systems. It describes the centralized air conditioning system, which uses a cooling tower, air handling unit room, ducting system and different types of supply and return air diffusers. The electrical system is discussed, including distribution panels, conduit, the main switchboard room, transformer room, and meter room. Fire protection systems and vertical transportation systems are also mentioned. Problems and recommendations for improving the ventilation and fire protection systems will be analyzed.
This document provides information about different types of floor finishes. It discusses terrazzo, stone, timber, brick, plain cement concrete and vinyl flooring. For each type of flooring, it describes the materials used, installation process, advantages, disadvantages and applications. The document is intended to educate group members Afaq, Aiman, Ashhar, Bushra, Shahab, Sundus and Zohra about the various options for floor finishes.
The document discusses building services systems at PJ Trade Centre, including air conditioning, electrical supply, fire protection, and mechanical ventilation/transportation systems. It provides an introduction and literature review on each system, as well as case studies detailing the components, functions, regulations, and diagrams of the air conditioning, electrical, and fire protection systems implemented at the building. The document is a case study report authored by six students analyzing and documenting the various building services systems.
Passive Fire Protection According to UBBL MalaysiaZhao Wei Kim
This document discusses passive fire protection design and application. It covers key concepts like compartmentation, limits on compartment sizes, separation of fire risk areas, protection of stairs and lobbies, and access for firefighting. The document provides information on code requirements for maximum travel distances, occupant load capacities of exits, exit width calculations, and ventilation of stairs and lobbies according to the UBBL (Uniform Building By-Laws). Diagrams illustrate compartmentation strategies and exit routing considerations.
Building Service Project 2 Case Study ReportJoyeeLee0131
A case study on Jaya Shopping Centre located at Petaling Jaya, Selangor of the building services such as ACMV system, Fire Protection System and Mechanical Transportation system.
The document discusses various types of floor finishes that can be used for commercial, residential and industrial settings. It describes different flooring materials like tiles, wood, PVC, marble, granite, glass and natural stones. For each material, it provides details on types, finish, durability, usage, installation process, costs and maintenance requirements. The document also provides specifications and laying procedures for ceramic tiles and stone flooring.
1. The document discusses different types of electrical wires and cables used in building services, including PVC, TRS, and flexible wires.
2. It also covers basics of electricity, including Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, and different types of earthing systems used in buildings and industrial installations.
3. Types of earthing systems discussed are conventional earthing using plates and pipes, as well as TN, TT, and IT systems. Electrical and instrument earthing systems are also compared.
The document discusses the key building service systems - electrical, water, sewerage/sanitary, and rainwater drainage. It provides an overview of each system including their introduction/function, main components, operation, relevant regulations, and diagrams. The electrical system covers components like meters, distribution boxes, plug points and switches. The water system includes meters, valves, pipes and storage tanks. Sewerage components discussed are traps, manholes and sumps. Relevant regulations from the UBBL and other acts are also mentioned.
This document discusses industrialized building systems used in Malaysia, specifically tunnel formwork and aluminum formwork. It provides an overview of each system, including their construction processes. Tunnel formwork involves pouring concrete into steel formwork to form walls and slabs in one operation. Aluminum formwork uses aluminum panels as molds to cast concrete structures and provides benefits like high quality finishes, precision, and reduced construction time. The document also outlines the advantages of these systems such as cost savings, shorter timelines, and improved safety; as well as some disadvantages like high initial costs and transportation challenges.
This document discusses natural ventilation and factors that affect air flow in and around buildings. It covers topics like the functions of natural ventilation including supplying fresh air and removing contaminants. Thermal stack effect and convective cooling are natural ventilation methods driven by temperature differences. Wind flow patterns are impacted by various building configurations and elements like wing walls, chimneys and wind catchers. Factors that influence indoor air flow include window openings, atria, and wind speed and direction.
Modular coordination is a concept of coordination of dimension and space, in which buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned in a term of a basic unit or module, known as ‘1M’ which is equivalent to 100 mm.
The document provides an analysis of the fire protection systems at the Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre (KLPAC). It discusses both the active and passive fire protection systems. The active systems include heat detectors, smoke detectors, alarms, sprinklers, and fire extinguishers. The passive systems include fire walls, rated doors, smoke curtains, emergency exits, and fire stairs. The analysis examines how these systems function, how they comply with regulations, and provides recommendations for improvement of the fire protection at the building.
1. The document discusses the telecommunication system requirements for a proposed 860ft high-rise building in Miami for Santander Bank.
2. It describes the key components of the system including a 1,100sf data center, fibre optic and copper cabling running from the data center to intermediate distribution frames on each floor, and a private automatic branch exchange phone system.
3. An internet-based security system is proposed to enable tenants to manage their own office spaces while also allowing building management overall control.
This document discusses the installation process and requirements for telecommunication services in high-rise buildings. It outlines the key components of the system including the manhole, main telecommunication room, main distribution frame, fibre termination box, floor telecom closet, and containment system. It also covers general specifications for telecom rooms, safety precautions, and compares fiber optic cable to copper wire.
This document discusses telecommunication services for a high-rise building project. It provides details on the installation process including main distribution frames, fiber termination boxes, risers, and pathways. It also covers application requirements, specifications for telecom rooms, and the advantages and disadvantages of telecommunication systems and optical fiber cables. A case study of a luxury apartment development outlines the infrastructure design including fiber to home broadband, smart TV, access control, and CCTV security systems.
This document discusses telecommunication services for a high-rise building project. It covers the installation process including main distribution frames, fiber termination boxes, and riser closets. It also discusses application requirements, safety precautions, management systems, pathways, advantages and disadvantages of telecommunication and fiber optic cables. A case study of a luxury apartment development in Ipoh, Malaysia is presented, outlining the developer's investment in high-speed broadband infrastructure.
This document discusses telecommunication services for high-rise buildings. It covers the installation process including main distribution frames, fiber termination boxes, and riser closets. Safety precautions and management systems are also outlined. The advantages of telecommuting include flexibility in work location and time. Optical fiber cables provide high bandwidth but are more expensive to install than copper cables. Case studies demonstrate best practices for telecommunication infrastructure design in high-rise buildings.
This document provides details on the installation process and management system for telecommunication services in a high-rise building. It discusses the various components involved from the manhole and underground entry duct, to the main telecommunication room, fibre termination boxes, riser rooms, mobile service rooms, consolidation cabinets, and fibre wall sockets. Containment systems including vertical and horizontal cabling are also outlined. Lastly, it emphasizes the importance of an effective management system to support the large number of users and ensure consistent, reliable access.
This document provides an overview of chapter two on basics of telecom networks. It covers topics such as telephone networks, computer networks, cable television, wireless networks, networking principles, network services, layered architecture, traffic characterization and quality of service, network elements, and network mechanisms. The document discusses telephone networks in detail including their development, basic systems of local loops and trunks, telephone numbering, an example call setup, and background on telephone networks. It also covers computer networks and their types including local area networks, wide area networks, and metropolitan area networks.
Telecommunication involves the transmission of signals over a distance for communication purposes using technology. It includes systems like telephony, radio, television, and computer networks. Telecommunication networks connect terminal nodes through transmission links and use circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching to route signals through the network. Common telecommunication networks include telephone networks, computer networks, the Internet, and radio networks.
BSNL Internship presentation for Electrical and ElectronicsGhufran Ahmed
Inplant Internship or Training in BSNL basically for Electrical and Electronics branch. It includes four major parts. Media Room, Power Plant, Telephone Exchange and Broad Band.
A structured cabling system integrates data, voice, video and management systems through a standardized infrastructure. It includes 6 sub-systems: building entrance, equipment room, telecommunications room, backbone cabling, horizontal cabling, and work areas. The telecommunications room houses networking equipment and cross-connects between backbone and horizontal cabling. Backbone cabling connects telecommunications rooms to the equipment room. Horizontal cabling extends from telecommunications rooms to work areas. A structured cabling system provides benefits like redundancy, ease of fault location and repair, flexibility, and long-term cost containment.
Structured Cabling Solution - White PaperSyed Firas
The document discusses structured cabling systems, which provide the foundation for modern communication networks. A structured cabling system includes all cabling, hardware, and pathways that connect devices from the data center to individual work areas. It is governed by standards to ensure flexibility and compatibility. The key components of a structured cabling system are the entrance facility, equipment room, backbone cabling, horizontal cabling, telecommunications closets, and work areas. Implementing a standardized structured cabling system allows networks to adapt over 15-20 years without disruption.
This document provides an overview of digital switching systems and digital transmission systems. It discusses how telecommunication networks have transitioned from analog to digital technologies. Key topics covered include digital switching systems, components of transmission networks like digital distribution frames, synchronous digital hierarchy for digital transmission, and fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) technologies using dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) to transmit multiple signals over fiber. The document is intended as an educational reference on modern digital telecommunication systems and technologies.
Power Line Communication allows for data transmission over existing power lines. It has the potential to provide broadband internet access to every home or business through existing electrical wiring. There are two main types of Power Line Communication systems - narrowband PLC provides lower data rates for utilities, while broadband PLC enables higher data rates for services like voice, data, and video. Key components of a PLC system include modems, base stations, repeaters, and gateways. Communication is achieved using techniques like OFDM that are robust against noise on power lines. Medium access control and topologies must be designed to handle data transmission over the challenging power line channel. International standards guide the implementation of Power Line Communication networks.
This document discusses various WAN technologies and protocols. It covers circuit switching, message switching, packet switching, connection-oriented and connectionless services. Specific technologies covered include X.25, Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN, broadband ISDN, FDDI, satellite communication, polling, and ALOHA.
Last-mile technology is any telecommunications technology that carries signals from the broad telecommunication backbone along the relatively short distance (hence, the "last mile") to and from the home or business. Or to put it another way: the infrastructure at the neighborhood level.
In many communities, last-mile technology represents a major remaining challenge because the cost of providing high-speed, high-bandwidth services to individual subscribers in remote areas can be higher than the service provider would like. Laying wire and fiber optic cables is an expensive undertaking that can be environmentally demanding and require high maintenance. Experts hope that broadband wireless networks will eventually provide the solution and meet everyone's needs.(techtarget.com)
The document provides an overview of wireless technologies from 1G to 5G cellular networks. It discusses the key characteristics of each generation including their speeds, capabilities, and examples of specific technologies used. 1G networks were the earliest analog cellular systems allowing voice calls. 2G introduced digital networks and basic data services. 3G brought higher speeds and the ability to support more advanced mobile internet applications. The document traces the evolution of wireless towards greater speeds and functionality over successive generations.
This document provides guidelines for internal cabling within various types of buildings. It outlines standards for residential premises, multi-storied buildings, business premises, and compounds. For each type of building, it specifies the necessary telecommunications infrastructure components like main distribution boxes, telecom rooms, optical distribution frames, and specifies cable types and placement of telecom outlets. It also provides general cabling standards regarding separation of telecom cables from power cables, labeling of infrastructure, maximum cable spans, and avoidance of aerial cabling.
The document discusses standards for designing telecommunications infrastructure in commercial buildings. It describes the purpose of standards to ensure systems are operable, flexible, manageable and long-lasting. Standards guide the design of cabling pathways, equipment rooms, entrance facilities, backbones, horizontal cabling, and more. The document provides requirements for grounding and bonding the telecommunications system to ensure reliable electrical reference potential.
Communication line, communication devices and home networkRkSachdev1
A home network connects devices in a home to share internet access and files. It uses communication lines like cables or WiFi. A router establishes the wireless network that devices connect to wirelessly or via cables. Setting up a home network involves connecting the router to the internet, configuring the router's wireless network name and password, and connecting devices to it either wirelessly or with cables. This allows sharing of an internet connection and files between devices in the home.
Structured Cabling Technologies for NetworkingTharindu Kumara
Structured cabling is building or campus telecommunications cabling infrastructure that consists of a number of standardized smaller elements (hence structured) called subsystems.(wikipedia)
Similar to Building services- telecommunications for high rise building (20)
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1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
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(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
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Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
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A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
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Building services- telecommunications for high rise building
1. SCHOOL OF ARCHTICTERUL, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BUILDING SERVICES (BLD60403)
Title :Telecommunication for High Rise Building
Group Member : Chiam Jia Ern (0318524)
Hii Pai Ling (0320598)
Jenny Hoo Yee Tyng (0321841)
Khor Ka Nee (0321789)
Liew Chia Niu (0313338)
Tay Sy Min (0320813)
2.
3. • “Tele” is derived from the Greek meaning for “at a distance”
• it describes the long distance of transmit information without
any changes of the content
• All telecommunications systems consist sender, channel and
receiver.
• Another term for telecommunications
is telecom.
• The data are transmitted in the form
of carrier waves, which are analog
or digital signals for transferring the
information.
4.
5. Optical Telecommunications Optical telecommunication is the simplest type of telecommunication.
Although the fiber optic communication and optical telecommunication
are falling into the same category, but it still has different in the every
form of optical telecommunication in the roles of converting data.
These may be carried over fiber optic cables.
Radio Telecommunication System Radio technology allows for wireless communication over a large
distance. Nowsaday, radio remains one of the communication in the
world today. While television also is a form of radio communication.
Full-Duplex Systems Today's most telephones, cell phones and internet access are full-duplex
systems. It’s meant we can communicate with each other at the same
time.
Half-Duplex Systems Radio communication is a good example of half-duplex communication
systems means only have one party can send a message at a time. In half-
duplex system, the recipient need wait for the message before sending
out a new one.
There have different types of telecommunication
system as the diagram below:
6. Telecommunication Installation System For High
Rise Buildings
• Distribution cables of suitable sizes are taken from a Main Distribution Frame
(MDF) in the basement to the various floors.
• Provide one or more vertical ducts which rise from the basement to the top of the
building.
• Each vertical duct should be located centrally with respect to the distribution area.
• A limit to the number of cables which can be taken from any one horizontal duct
from a riser to the telephone instruments.
• Number of risers and their siting should be such that no telephone outlet needs
more than 328m of cable to connect it to a riser.
10. Size Of Shafts
•The minimum internal dimensions of the vertical ducts or risers
should be 150mm.
• For Large buildings the dimensions will have to be increased to
600 mm x 225 mm, because of the larger cables.
• An aperture of 150mm x 75mm is required to take the cables
through a horizontal duct in the structural floor.
11. Sharing of risers with other services
• The telephone cables may be installed in a riser used
for other services
• The cables are segregated from the electrical mains.
• Partitions giving full separation are preferred to
separating by distance only.
• Access to each riser will be necessary on each floor and
should be available from a corridor or other common
space.
12. Internal Telephones
Divided into two types:
1). The push-button type
• Running a rather large cable to all telephones, but does not require an
exchange.
• Communication between telephone instruments is effected by lifting
the receiver and pushing a button.
• Does not give secrecy as conversations may be overheard from other
telephones.
2). The dial type
• Dial telephones employ a Private Automatic Exchange (PAX) system,
separate from the post office system.
13. Private Circuit
• When a business has two or more locations there will
be a lot conversation, fax and data transmitted between
them.
• British Telecom can install a private network to transmit
this information to save time and costs.
• Fixed annual rent is charged for this service.
14. Telecommunication installation system of
Petronas Twin Towers
• The network infrastructure was being incorporated into the
building by the time they were being constructed.
• Built up by four main control networks:
1). A building security system.
2). Fire alarm system.
3). A building control for air conditioning, lights and elevators.
4). A building information system that will monitor the other
three main control networks.
15. Continue
• Demands optical fiber as fiber is protocol independent
and accommodates high transmission rates over long
distance.
• With nearly 2,000 miles of fiber cable were installed
and with fiber running to each of the workstation in the
buildings.
16. Continue
• A series of composite and hybrid cables were designed
for the horizontal and backbone wiring.
• The backbone segment of the network consists of two
types of composite fiber cables:
1).one with 24 multimode and 6 single-mode fibers.
2). the other with 12 multimode and 6 single-mode
fibers.
17. Continue
• 17,000 workstations in the towers.
• Installers had to keep the demanding installation schedule while
avoiding confusion that could arise with so many cables going to each
desk.
• The solution was a custom-designed hybrid cable of three four-pair
UTP cables and two corning fiber simplex cables within a PVC jacket.
• Hybrid cables eliminate the need to run two or three separate cables to
each individual workstation.
- Avoids confusion.
- reduces installation time.
18. Continue
Advantages of using hybrid and composite cables:
1). Reduced the number of drops required.
2). Saving on labor costs.
3). Improving cable administration and maintenance.
4). The small size of the fiber allowed for tight construction
of the cables, saving significant riser and conduit space.
21. Application
• Application of a telecommunication services in a high rise building have to be very well planned.
• Cabling system that were used for telephone communications have many other applications which
include:
- Fire alarms
- Security/intruder alarms
- Computer networking
- Teleprinters
• The voltage and current are very low and are not directly connected to the main electricity in a
building.
• Telecommunications and mains cabling should be separated in independent conduits and trunking:
- For safety purposes
- To prevent interference
22. General specifications
Telecom rooms must be kept away from any
sources of the following:
• Heat
• Moisture
• High voltages
• Corrosive atmospheric or environmental conditions
• Radio frequency interference (RFI)
• Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
23. Safety Purposes
All telecom rooms must comply with municipality and national
authority standards and regulations, such as:
• All telecom spaces should be fitted with smoke detectors and emergency lighting.
• All containment openings to telecom spaces must be sealed with a regulation fire
retardant material.
• All doors to the telecom rooms must be made of materials with fire resistance.
• All doors to telecom rooms must be outward opening with an automatic door closer
system fitted on the hinged edge.
• All doors to telecom rooms must be labelled.
• The room must be free from contaminants and pollutants.
• All telecom rooms should have basic firefighting provision of handheld CO2 cylinder
type extinguishers.
24. Other Considerations
• Prevent rodents such as rats from entering telecom
spaces and pathways as they often gnaw the cables
which may cause damage to those cables or disruption
of the telecommunication services.
• Paint and treated the walls, floor and also ceiling with
anti-dust coating as well as antistatic coating to avoid
spreading of dust and to minimize static electricity.
25. A good telecommunication system?
- be able to reduce toll charges
- enhance the productivity and efficiency
- able to move and remote the phone connections and
locations
- able to mobile employees
- provides a greater and faster exchange of data between
individuals within the building
- flexible, scalable, and customizable
27. How the PABX system works?
- a telephone system within an enterprise that switches
calls between enterprise users on local lines
- allowing all users to share a certain number of external
phone lines.
28. Inculding:
- telephone trunk lines
- a computer with memory
- the network of lines within the PABX
Purposes:
- save the cost of requiring a line for each user to the
telephone company's central office
29. Component for Telecommunication System?
Telecommunication Spaces and Pathways
- telecommunications spaces keep telecommunications
equipment and terminations of telecommunications
cables
- telecommunications pathways transport the cables
- use to link the telecommunication system
30. Telecommunication Equipment Room &
Telecommunication Room
- one telecommunication equipment room on the first
floor is required for multi-story buildings
- at least one smaller telecommunications room is
required on each floor above
- TRs are smaller than TERs
- TR is around 1000 square metres
- dedicated to the telecommunications function
31. Telecommunication Equipment Room &
Telecommunication Room
- telecommunication rooms should be vertically aligned
or stacked and they must be accessible
- the pathway carries telecommunications cables from
the TR to the vicinity of the area served.
- horizontal pathways usually supports a zone-
distribution system
32. Telecommunication Equipment Room &
Telecommunication Room
- equipment room is the central point for
telecommunications within the building
- the only electrical equipment in the Equipment room is
the telecommunications equipment
- the Equipment rooms are usually located in the
basement
33. Fiber Optics
• Fiber optics stated as a bundle of optics using the transmission of light technique
through glass or plastic fiber.
• Fiber optics is finding use in almost every application involving the transmission of
information.
• Computers can now be linked together with
fiber-optic cables capable of transferring data several
orders of magnitude faster than copper circuits.
• In the medical industry, fiber-optic technology is being
used to monitor and perform complex surgical operations.
• Throughout the world, telephone companies are laying
thousands of miles of fiber underground, below oceanic floors
and rivers, through manholes and existing conduit facilities.
• Thousands of simultaneous voice conversations are now being transmitted over these
tiny strands of fiber.
34. ADVANTAGES OF FIBER-OPTIC SYSTEMS
• BANDWIDTH
Bandwidth is directly related to the amount of information that can be transmitted per unit
time.
• NOISE IMMUNITY AND SAFETY
It is not affected by electromagnetic interference (EMI) or electrostatic interference.
Likewise since fiber-optic cables transmit light instead of current and they do not produce
electrical noise.
• LESS WEIGHT AND VOLUME
Fiber-optic cables are substantially lighter in weight and occupy much less volume than
copper cables with the same information capacity.
A standard telephone cable consisting of 900 twisted pair wires can be replaced with a single
fiber strand 0.005 in. in diameter and retain the same information-carrying capacity.
35. ADVANTAGES OF FIBER-OPTIC SYSTEMS
• SECURITY
Fiber-optic cables cannot be detected by metal detectors unless they are
manufactured with steel reinforcement for strength.
• FLEXIBILITY
The surface of glass fiber is much more refined than ordinary glass and coupled with
its small diameter which allows it to be flexible enough to wrap around a pencil.
• ECONIMICS
Transmission losses are considerably less than for coaxial cable and expensive
repeaters can be spaced farther apart.
Fewer repeaters mean a reduction in overall system costs and enhanced reliability.
36. DISADVANTAGES OF FIBER-OPTIC SYSTEMS
• INTERFACING COSTS
Fiber-optic transmitters, receivers, couplers and connectors, for example, must be employed
as part of the communication system.
Test and repair equipment is costly. If the fiber-optic cable breaks, splicing can be a costly
and tedious task.
• STRENGTH
Fiber has a tensile strength of approximately 1 lb as compared to coaxial cable at 180 lb.
Installations requiring greater tensile strengths can be achieved with steel reinforcement.
• SPECIAL TEST EQUIPMENT IS OFTEN REQUIRED
Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) is required for testing the incorruption of fiber-
optic cables.
In addition, costly specialized optical test equipment is essential at most fiber endpoints and
connection nexuses to thoroughly certify the performance of new fiber optics links.
38. Introduction
• A proposed multi storey building of 88 storeys, 1,483 feet high
• The tallest twin buildings in the world and 9th tallest building in the world
• Designed by: Argentinean-American architect Cesar Pelli
• Construction: Tower 1: Hazama Corporation
Tower 2: Samsung Engineering & Construction
• First major tenants of this building: Malaysia‘s national oil company, Petroliam Nasional Berhad
(PETRONAS)
• Feature:There have the skybridge between the tower 1 and tower which is located at levels 41 and
levels 42.
• A MSC status builing
• A green building : They powered by solar energy and using the first solar photovoltaic (PV) system on
Suria KLCC’s roof-top
39. Telecommunication Services
• The connectivity of KLCC is provided from main subscriber distribution frame
to the end-user workstations, minimizing re-cabling and cable-removal.
• Via optical fibre loop
• Cable plant infrastructure( vertical and horizontal) : using patch panels for
both optical fibre and unshielded twisted pair (category-5) wiring.
• Telecommunications infrastructure : local loop communication system within
the boundaries of the KLCC site.
• Central Telecommunications Office (CTO) : control the connection of the
building to the outside world within the building
40. Power Distribution
• The main 11kV switchboard is located at level 6.
• Vertical distribution is made in fire-rated cable risers with the 11kV cables enclosed in fire-proof trunking
• 30MVA 33kV XLPE cables are laid in different routes into the building: reduce simultaneous cable failures
• Emergency power supply requirement
– a SCADA (Schematic Control and Data Acquisition)
– two 2*1500kW 11kV life-safety generators have been provided for each tower separately.
A system operating with
coded signals over
communication channels
so as to provide control of
remote equipment
41. Fire Alarm System
• Management of the fire detection system is centralized
at the Central Fire Command Centre (CFCC)
• Using the latest technology located at street level
• Directly linked to BOMBA (Fire and Rescue Department,
Malaysia)
• The risers serving the building sprinkler will be
separated from those serving the wet rising main
system.
42. Building Security System
• Designed to operate via a LAN which is the engineering
building monitoring and controls system in local area.
• The high level software running on the integrated
security network captures all data to ensure fully
automated coordination among BSS sub-system.
43. What is ???
• Multimedia Super Corridor
• A program that fully support by Malaysia government
• It was announced by 4th Malaysian Prime
Minister Mahathir Mohamad on 1 August 1996.
• MSC program is a special economy zone in Malaysia
especially in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya.
• Aims to transform Malaysia into a modern state and
achieve Vision 2020
44. Benefit of MSC
• In pioneer status - no ITA (Investment Tax Allowance) or income tax for up to 10 years.
• The importation of multimedia equipment - no duty.
• Mostly will be eligible for R&D grants.
• No internet censorship censored by the government.
• Can be ensured freedom of ownership from local ownership requirements.
• Have the freedom to source capital and borrow funds globally.
• Physical and IT information infrastructure support will be given by Malaysian government
• The companies using MSC as their regional hub that are led by tender key MSC Malaysia
infrastructure contracts.
• Local and foreign knowledge workers can be allowed unrestricted employment.
• Can become a regional leader in intellectual property protection and cyberlaws compare to the
other companies.
• Competitive telecommunications tariffs will be provided
45. Qualification criteria
• A heavy user or provider of IT, multimedia products and services.
• Many knowledge workers need to be employed
• Achieve the environmental guidelines
• The building or companies are needed in an MSC Malaysia-
designated Cybercities
• Separate legal entity should be created for MSC Malaysia qualifying
business and activities.
• Provide the strong value and technology transfer
for developing MSC Malaysia
47. PABX system
• A telephone switching that serves an office.
• Used by calling centres and large organisations.
• Allow an office to have a single access numbers to offer
multiple lines to the outside callers.
• Saving costs and time.
48. Advantages of pabx system
• Administrative control
• Feature rich
• One-time cost
• Upgradeable
49. Disadvantages of PABX system
• Companies are ill-equipped for disasters related to
communication
• Costly upgrade
• Requires additional employees to maintain and manage
the system
• Unrelated business activity are difficult to manage
55. Key telephone system (KTS)
• Has capacity for multiple lines and multiple telephones
• Small, cheap, less flexible.
• A KTS is equipped with several buttons that allow a caller to directly select outgoing lines or
incoming calls, and use intercom and conference facilities.
• KTS are user-installable and allow handling of multiple lines without paying a surcharge to
the telephone company.
59. Conclusion
• Telecommunication is not only about telephone systems but
it’s cable systems can also be used in security alarms, fire
alarm, computer networking and fax machine as well as lift
control.
• It is vital for a high rise building to provide a high quality of
telecommunication systems to become a highly grade and
intelligent building especially for business cooperation
companies.
• Telecommunication room (TR) should be keep in the range
18ºC to 24ºC to prevent over heat that will cause fire.