Wall finishes provide decorative coverings for walls, ceilings and floors and conceal building components. Common internal wall finishes include plaster, paint, wallpaper, wood panelling, cement plaster, laminate, tiles and mirrors. Finishes are either self finishes that are inherent in the material or applied finishes that require application on site. Factors like intended use, maintenance needs and durability must be considered when selecting wall finishes. Proper application and allowing finishes to fully dry is important to prevent damage.
Description of various types of partition and their method of installation with their pros and cons.
Types of adhesives with their detailed description.
Kath-khuni architecture of Himachal Pradesh, IndiaMansi Shah
This presentation gives an overview about kath-khuni construction practice prevalent in Himachal Pradesh. More information about the same is available in the book "Prathaa: Kath-khuni architecture of Himachal Pradesh"
http://mansi-shah.weebly.com/book.html
by Mansi Shah- Adjunct Assistant Professor at CEPT University
Description of various types of partition and their method of installation with their pros and cons.
Types of adhesives with their detailed description.
Kath-khuni architecture of Himachal Pradesh, IndiaMansi Shah
This presentation gives an overview about kath-khuni construction practice prevalent in Himachal Pradesh. More information about the same is available in the book "Prathaa: Kath-khuni architecture of Himachal Pradesh"
http://mansi-shah.weebly.com/book.html
by Mansi Shah- Adjunct Assistant Professor at CEPT University
WALL COVERING , WALLPAPER,PAINT AND THEARE TYPESZAIDUL HAQUE
Wall covering and theare types
types of wall covering
paint wall covering
stone wall covering
metal wall covering
fabric wall covering
and many other types of wall covering
by ZAIDUL HAQUE
Different types of flooring and how are they installed.
This presentation gives you a brief description on floor finishes and its installation methods.
Pointing - the technique of repairing mortar joints between bricks or other masonry elements.
Finishing - a fine job in building construction process
where it forms the beauty of a building.
hello! find the details about composite climate and aurabindo ashramam here. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
hi guys !! check the features and factors behind the development of noida. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
hi guys!! check out the details about the tele communication and community services in urban infrastructure. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
hi guys!! here you can check out importance and history of water conservation in india in this ppt . you can also check traditional water conservation methods which were practised in different parts of india . this ppt also presenting famous water conservationists and their works along with guidelines.
hello guys!! here i am presenting my review on piper gaubatz's paper "china urban transformation : patterns and processes of morphological change in beijing, shanghai and guangzhou "
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. INTRODUCTION
As the name “Wall Finishes” itself suggests that it is finish given to the
wall to enhance the interior or exterior look of the structure.Wall
finishes used for the interiors are quite delicate and need maintenance.
Interior finish consists mainly of the coverings of the rough walls,
ceilings, and floors, and installing doors and windows with trim and
hardware
Wall finishes provide a decorative skin to conceal building components
including structural members, insulation, ductwork, pipes, and wires.
Good wall finishes are plumb and straight. Surfaces may be smooth or
textured and better wall finishes are durable. Some wall finishes are
versatile, taking decorative finishes such as stain, paint or wallpaper
readily.
Walls may make a decorating statement, or may be simply background.
In some cases, the combustibility of wall finishes may be an issue. In
kitchens and bathrooms, resistance to water damage is an asset.
3. Internal finishes
It is important that finishing operations are carried out in the right
sequence.
It is important that care is taken to prevent damage once a
particular finish is applied, also a good standard of workmanship is
required.
Background for finishes must be allowed to dry properly before a
particular finish is applied.
Before selecting a finish thought must be given to many factors
such as:- use of building
abuse / wear etc.
maintenance
4. Internal finishes
Finishes fall into two categories:-
self finish or applied finish
wet finish or dry finish
Types of finishes commonly found in domestic buildings:-
Applied finish - is a finish which is actually applied on site.
Self finish - is a finish which is inherent in the material
and does not have to be specially applied on
site.
5. Internal finishes
Self Finish Applied Finish Life Span
Plaster on masonry walls 50 – 100 years
Paint 4 - 8years
Wallpaper 4 – 10 years
PVC floor tiles 10 years
Facing brick Life of building
(100 years plus)
Natural stone 100 years plus
Natural slate 100 years
Natural wood ? (type of wood)
6. Wet finishes
Examples of wet finishes :-
Plaster
Paint
Wallpaper
One of the major problems with wet finishes is that considerable
“drying out time” is required for the building plus expansion /
shrinkage problems with timber components.
7. Dry finishes
Examples of dry finishes :-
Plaster board
Timber panelling
Carpet
The greatest advantage of dry finishes when compared to wet
finishes is that no shrinkage will occur during the dry out process. A
dry finish should be uniform in colour, size and be true to shape.
The application of dry finishes does not prevent occupancy of the
building.
8. Internal Plastering
Internal plastering has two basic methods
(1)The most popular method is one or two coats of sand and
cement with a finish coat of gypsum plaster on brick or block
walls.
(2)Lightweight gypsum undercoat followed by a finish coat of
gypsum plaster.
The lightweight gypsum undercoat has better thermal
insulation properties and is lighter, quicker, and easier to apply
than sand and cement.
Sand / cement undercoats have however a much greater
resistance to damage.
9. Paint
Principal objectives of painting are:-
preservation
appearance
hygiene
A painting system for a given material usually consists of:-
primer
undercoat
finish coat
10. Paint
Primer
Adheres well to the background and evens out the surface
porosity.With ferrous metals, controls rust. Care must be taken to
choose suitable primer for the material to be covered.
Undercoat
Adheres to the primer, builds up the paint thickness and
obliterates surface irregularities.The undercoat should bring the
surface to a suitable colour for receiving the finishing coat.Two
coats of undercoat are usually required.
Finish
Adheres to the undercoat and provides a protective layer, colour
and surface texture.
11. TYPES OF WALL FINISHES
(MATERIALS USED FOR WALL
FINISHES)
12. Wood Panelling
It is a decorative
treatment done with
wooden panels on
the walls in various
designs. The
material used can be
plywood or wood
covered with veneer
or laminate.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
13. Cement plastered Finish
It is prepared in the
form of mortar with
cement, sand and
water in proper
proportions and
applied on masonry
manually to achieve a
smooth finish or sand
faced finish.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
14. Laminate Finish
Laminate comes in
various colours and
designs. It comes in
the form of sheet and
is pasted with fevicol
on Plywood.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
15. Tile Cladding
Different tiles, for
example, granite,
marble, glazed tiles or
vitrified tiles are used
for tile cladding. Tiles
are available in a
variety of colours and
shapes. The selection
of tiles depends on the
place where it is to be
applied i.e. interior
facade or exterior
facade.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
16. Marble Powder Finish
This is a very smooth
finish. The finish looks
like Marble flooring.
This finish is obtained
by mortar of marble
powder, white cement
and water. It is
applied manually.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
17. Sand Textured Finish
Sand Textured finish
is used to give fine
texture to the wall.
This wall finish is not
very commonly used
because of its grains
coming out.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
18. Pebbles Finish
This a very simple and
attractive finish obtained by
pasting small pebbles on the
walls with cement mortar as an
adhesive.
Pebbles finish is usually
preferred for exterior facade. It
is also commonly used to give
nice flowing effect to the
waterfalls that are created
especially designed for Hotel
Interiors or as a part of Exterior
Landscaping.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
19. Flakes Finish
It is a special material used
to enhance the elevation
treatment of the building. It is
majorly used for the exterior
facade. It has also been used
for the interiors but to a very
small extent. Application of
flakes finish is avoided in the
interiors because chipping off
of flakes is a trouble.
The flakes are applied with a
trovel on walls over a coat of
adhesive.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
20. Canfor
Finish
Canfor finish is also known
as Faux finish. This
material is used for the
interiors of residences. It
adds a unique aesthetic
appeal to the place. It
comes in 6mm thickness
and in different designs.
This finish is chosen when
a false finish is to be
given. It gives a stone wall
or brick wall effect.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
21. Coral
Finish
Coral finish is similar
to Plaster of Paris
Finish and Gypsum
Plaster Finish. Coral
is the name of a type
of plastering material.
It gives a rough edgy
finish.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
22. Plaster of Paris Finish
Plaster of Paris or
simply plaster is a type
of building material
based on calcium
sulphate hemihydrates.
This is a smooth finish
achieved by plaster of
Paris generally applied
on internal walls.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
23. Glass Mosaic Finish
Glass mosaic tiles are
small 1”x1” on a cloth to
get a workable size
12”x12” and this tile is
pasted with an adhesive
on wall surfaces. It can
also be pasted on curved
surfaces.
It comes in different
colours and generally
used in swimming pools.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
24. Stained Glass Finish
It involves lot of creative
work. The glass is
decorated with itching,
frosting, glass pasting
and finally colouring with
suitable colours
according to the theme.
The stained glass panels
are used on walls and
ceilings.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
25. Gypsum Plaster
Finish
This just like plaster
of Paris finish but
gypsum based
material is used to
prepare mortar. It is
more durable and
finer as compared to
Plaster of Paris
Finish.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM
26. Designer Mirror Finish
Designer mirrors are
obtained by small
pieces on walls to
create mural like
design.
WALL FINISHES
Fuentebella,Thea Bettina L.
BuildingTechnology-1/ 7:00-8:00AM