BRICK MASONRY INRODUCTION
BRICK MASONRY-UNIQUENESS
CHARACTERISTIC OF BRICKS
ADVANTAGE OF BRICK MASONRY
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS
TYPES OF BRICKS USED IN MASONARY WORK
TYPES OF BRICK MASONRY BOND
ENGLISH BOND
FLEMISH BOND
HEADER BOND
STRETCHER BOND
TYPES OF BRICKS MASONARY
TOOLS USED IN BRICK MASONRY
BRICKS COURSES & CLOSURES
RULES FOR GOOD BRICKS BONDING
QUALITIES OF GOOD BRICKS
CLASSIFICATION OF BRICKS
TEST FOR BRICKS
DEFECTS IN BRICK MASONRY
CONCLUSION
Purpose of brick bonds
Types of bonds in Brick Masonry in Civil Engineering
Types of bonds in brick masonry with Application
Advantages and Disadvantages of each type
Plastering Defination of plastering : The word “plaster” comes from the Greek language meaning “to daub on”. This is the process of covering rough surfaces with a plastic material to obtain an even, smooth, regular, clean & durable surfaces. On the other hand we say that; A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand and water,...
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Purpose of brick bonds
Types of bonds in Brick Masonry in Civil Engineering
Types of bonds in brick masonry with Application
Advantages and Disadvantages of each type
Plastering Defination of plastering : The word “plaster” comes from the Greek language meaning “to daub on”. This is the process of covering rough surfaces with a plastic material to obtain an even, smooth, regular, clean & durable surfaces. On the other hand we say that; A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand and water,...
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Brick work and Methods Used for Brick Work in Construction Industry and Kinds of Material Used for Brick Work in Civil Engineering Works Quantity Surveying Course Join Bhadanis QS Institute Call 9990990844 or 9810476579 or visit www.billingengineer.com
A brick is building material used to make walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction. Traditionally, the term brick referred to a unit composed of clay, but it is now used to denote rectangular units made of clay-bearing soil, sand, and lime, or concrete materials. Bricks can be joined together using mortar, adhesives or by interlocking them.[1][2] Bricks are produced in numerous classes, types, materials, and sizes which vary with region and time period, and are produced in bulk quantities. Two basic categories of bricks are fired and non-fired bricks.
In this slide there is a brief discussion about Types , Making & examples of bricks & also plastering
A brick is a block or a single unit of a ceramic material used in masonry construction. Typically bricks are stacked together or laid as brickwork using various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together and make a permanent structure.
Bricks are typically produced in common or standard sizes in bulk quantities. They have been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building materials used throughout history.
construction materials,properties of construction materials, stone, bricks, lime, cement,metal, timber,sand,aggregate,concrete,mortar, artificial or industrials materials
WATERPROOFING,Damp proofing, Common Water Damage problems ,Benefits of Waterproofing,How Water can penetrate Concrete Strctures,Why Waterpoofing is Important,What could happen if a building isn’t waterproof , Importance of waterproofing in building ,Waterproofing Methods,Cementitious Waterproofing
Liquid Waterproofing Membrane,
Bituminous Membrane
Bituminous Coating
Polyurethane Liquid Membrane,
Problem solution for waterproofing,What is concrete cancerSix Common cause of concrete cancer include
Formwork(Shuttering), Importance, Qualities of Formwork,types,Major objectives considered in formwork, Requirements of formwork,Formwork for Wall,Formwork for Column,Formwork for Slabs & beams ,Lintel or Beam Formwork, FORMWORK FOR SLAB,FORMWORK FOR STAIRS,FORMWORK FOR SPIRAL STAIRS,FORMWORK FOR CHIMNEYS,Removal of formwork,Time of Removal of formwork,Comparison between Steel and Timber Formwork,Cantilever slab,Maintenance of formwork,Cost of formwork,Advantages of steel form work,LOADS ON FORMWORK
Construction tools are instruments and equipment used in the building and maintenance of structures and buildings.
Heavy construction equipment are used for various purposes in large projects. Selection of different types of heavy equipment depends on the size of the work and economy of the project. These make construction process easier and faster.
Construction tools list for building construction works such as concrete, brick masonry, leveling, wood works, floor works, slab works, brick laying, plastering etc. is provided. Every construction tool is necessary to achieve good results in the whole project. Along with these tools, the workers should also use some safety tools to prevent them from the unexpected accidents
PLASTER
OBJECTIVE OF PLASTER
PROPERTIES OF GOOD PLASTER
TOOLS USED IN PLASTERING
METHOD OF PLASTERING
TYPES OF PLASTER
LIME PLASTER
CEMENT PLASTER
MUD PLASTER
STUCCO PLASTER
TYPES OF FINISHING
SMOOTH CAST
ROUGH CAST
PEBBLE DASH
TEXTURED FINISH
DEFECT IN PLASTER WORK
CRACKING
EFFLORESCENCE
FALLING OUT PLASTER
BLOWING OF PLASTER
PREVENTION METHOD
-Determination of water content of soil by oven drying method
-Determination of dry density of soil by sand replacement method
-Grain Analysis of Soil
-Determination of liquid limit and plastic limit of soil
-Liquid limit determination by cone penetrometer
-California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value test
- Direct shear test
-Standard penetration test
special concrete and high performance concreteErankajKumar
GROUTING OF CONCRETE, advantage ofGrouting,Characteristics of Grouting, GUNTING OF
CONCRETE, Application of Guniting, Properties of Guniting, advantage and disadvantage of Guniting, UNDERWATER CONCRETING, Properties of underwater concrete, METHODS OF UNDERWATER CONCRETE, advantage and disadvantage of underwater concrete, HOT WEATHERING CONCRETE, precautions, COLD WEATHER CONCRETING, PUMPABLE CONCRETE, Requirements of Mix Design for Pumpable Concrete, Ready Mixed Concrete RMC, Types of Ready Mixed Concrete, advantage and disadvantage of ready mixed concrete, introduction in High performance concrete HPC, selection of materials, behaviour of fresh high performance concrete HPC , behaviour of Hardened High performance concrete HPC when to use High performance concrete HPC , application of HPC , Advantage of HPC , Limitations of HPC
Introduction of pozzolanic, SOURCES AND TYPES OF POZZOLANIC MATERIALS, Properties and reactivity of pozzolans and their influence on the quality of
mortars and concrete, introduction in flyash, chemical composition of flyash, physical properties of flyash, types of flyash as per IS code 3812-1981 , types of flyash as per American society for testing and materials (ASTM C618), mechanism of flyash, application of flyash, benifit of flyash, disadvantages of flyash
Definition of lightweight concrete , Types of lightweight concrete , classification of LWC ,advantage of using LWC , disadvantages of LWC , Introduction in Heavyweight concrete , Composition , materials and proportion, properties of Heavyweight concrete HWC , use of HWC
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
2. INTRODUCTION
BRICKS :-Brick is a building unit ,which is in the form
of rectangular block in which length to breadth ratio is
2 but height can be different.
MASONARY :-Construction of building unit bonded
together with mortar.
BRICK MASONRY:-The art of laying bricks in mortar
in a proper systematic manner gives homogeneous
mass which can withstand forces without
disintegration, called Brick masonry.
5. Characteristic of bricks
Brick will not burn, buckle or melt.
Brick will not rot and allow Termites to invade.
Brick will not rust and corrode.
Brick will not dent.
Brick will not fade from the Sun’s UV Rays.
Brick will not be damaged by high winds , rain or hail.
Brick will not require constant maintains.
Brick will not devalue.
Brick will not limit your personal expression.
Brick will not limit your design options.
6. Advantages of Brick Masonry
The Brick masonry is cheaper than compared to stone
masonry.
Bricks are of uniform size.
Bricks are very workable .
Brick blocks don’t need any dressing.
Bricks are very light in weight.
No complicated lifting devices are necessary in brick work.
There is no problem to its availability.
They do not require transportation from long distances.
Brick work can be done by the less skilled labours also.
Bonding strength is very good and brick work is more
durable.
9. Types of Bricks used in Masonary Work
Traditional bricks –Length – 20 to 25 cm, Width – 10 to
13 cm, Height – 5 to 7.5 cm
common size – 23cm × 11.4cm × 7.6cm
Modular bricks –normal size – 20 × 10 × 10 cm
actual size – 19 × 9 × 9 cm
Bangladesh – 9.5 × 4.5 × 2.75 in
with mortar – 10 × 5 × 3 in
11. English Bond
Bricks are laid in alternate courses of headers and
stretchers.
There is a chance of penetration of damp through
transverse joints.
Queen closures are inserted next to headers to produce
overlap.
English bonds are the strongest but it is to be noted that
the continuous vertical joints are to be avoided.
Appearance is not as good as Flemish bonds.
12. Flemish Bond
This bond has one stretcher between headers, with the
headers centered over the stretchers in the course
below.
When a course begins with a stretcher, the course will
ordinarily terminate with a stretcher at the other end.
Brickwork that appears as Flemish bond from both the
front and rear is Double Flemish bond.
13. Header Bond
Heading or Header Bond is laid on headers. Used for
round quick sweeps .
Should never be used in straight work as it is very
week.
This bond is used for facing of curved surface and
footings in foundations.
14. Stretcher Bond
Bricks are laid in stretchers.
Used in walls of half – brick in thickness.
Due to its constant occurrence in the last position it is
also called Chimney Bond, Running Bond.
This bond doesn’t develop proper internal bond.
15.
16. Types of Bricks Masonary
TYPES OF BRICKS MASONRY :
Brick work in mud
Brick work in cement
17. Brick Work In Mud
The mud is used to fill up the joints.
Thickness of the mortar joint is 12 mm.
Cheapest
Maximum height of wall is 4 m.
18. BRICK WORK IN CEMENT
1st Class
Cement of lime mortar is used.
The surface and edges of bricks are sharp.
The thickness of mortar joints doesn’t exceed 10mm
2nd Class
Ground moulded bricks are used.
Bricks are rough and shape is slightly irregular.
The thickness of mortar joint is 12 mm.
3rd Class
Bricks are not hard ,rough surface with distorted shape.
Used for temporary structures.
Used in places where rainfall is not heavy.
19. Tools used in Bricks Masonry
Trowel
Plumb bob
Hammer
Spirit level
Mason square
Steel tape
20.
21. Bricks courses & closures
QUEEN CLOSURE: A brick cut in half down its length.
KING CLOSURE : A brick cut a corner & joining middle
points of width and length of the brick.
THREE QUARTER BAT : A brick cut to three-quarters of its
length, and laid with its long, narrow side exposed.
HALF BAT: A brick cut in half across its width and laid in
the wall structure.
QUARTER BAT: A brick cut to a quarter of its length.
22.
23. Orientation of Bricks
STRETCHER: A brick laid with its long narrow side
exposed.
HEADER: A brick laid flat with its width at the face of
the wall.
24. Rules for Good Brick Bonding
Uniform in size.
Bricks arranged uniformly throughout the wall.
Bats are used as little as possible.
The bricks in the interiors of wall laid as headers, that
is, across the wall.
The lap not more than 2 and one-fourth(1/4) inches.
The vertical joints in every other course should be
vertically over one another.
25. Qualities of Good Bricks
Bricks should be uniform in shape & standard in size.
Bricks should give a clear metallic ringing sound when struck with each
other.
Bricks should show a bright homogeneous & free from voids.
Bricks should be well brunt and possess sharp edges.
Colour of the bricks should be uniform and bright.
Bricks should be sufficiently hard & no impression should be left on
bricks surface when scratched with finger nail.
Bricks should have crushing strength above 5.50N/mm”.
The bricks should not break when it dropped from a height of about 1
m.
The bricks should not absorb water more than 20% by weight when
soaked in cold water for 24 hrs.
The bricks should not show any deposits of white salts when allowed to
26. CLASSIFICATION OF BRICKS
FIRST CLASS BRICKS :-
This are table moulded.
Surface & edges are sharp, square ,smooth , straight.
Well brunt & have uniform texture ,metallic ringing when struck against each other.
Used for superior work.
SECOND CLASS BRICKS :-
This are ground moulded brick.
Surface are rough.
The quality of this bricks are inferior.
THIRD CLASS BRICKS :-
The surface & edges are rough.
Does not create any metallic sound.
Used for temporary & unimportant structure.
FOURTH CLASS BRICKS :-
This bricks are over brunt.
Irregular shape & dark colour.
Used in floor , foundation, roads.
27. Test for Bricks
Absorption:- The brick should not absorb water more than 20% of dry weight.
Crushing strength:- As per BIS 1077-1957 the minimum crushing strength of
bricks is 3.5 N/mm2
Hardness :- Brick is treated to be sufficient hard if no impression could be made on
the surface of the brick by finger nail.
Soundness :- Two bricks when struck with each other should emit metallic ringing
sound.
Structure :- It should be homogeneous ,compact ,and free from any defects.
Shape & size :- Standard size (190 X 90 X 90 mm) and shapes should be truly
rectangular with sharp edges and smooth surface.
28. Defects in brick masonry
Sulphate attack :- Sulphate salts present in bricks work
react with alumina content of cement .It occur in
boundary walls.
Crystallization of salts from bricks :- Occur in
masonry made out of brick which contain excessive
soluble salts.This phenomenon is also known as
efflorescence.
Corrosion of embedded iron or steel :- Iron or steel
embedded in brick work gets corroded in the presence of
dampness .On corrosion the metal expands in volume
and tends to crack the brick work.
29. Conclusion
Masonry boasts an impressive compressive strength
(vertical loads) but is much lower in tensile strength
unless reinforced.
Brick masonry increases the thermal mass of a
building and thereby resists fire.
Masonry tends to be heavy and must be built upon a
strong foundation, such as reinforced concrete, to
avoid settling and cracking.