Brick work covered under building material, is very essential par of construction work in Civil Engineering.

1. Brick Work
Building Materials
By:- Rakesh Kumar Verma

2.  Brick bonds are an
essential part of wall
structure.
 "Brick" is a standard-
sized weight- bearing
building unit.
 Several bricks are laid together
in stacks.
 Mortar paste is placed on top of
each to form a firm bond.
 Are laid to form the structure.
 There are different ways in
which bricks are termed as
bonds.
Introduction

3. Brick Work
 BRICK:- Brick is a building unit ,which is in the
form of rectangular block in which length to breadth
ratio is 2 but height can be different.
 MASONARY:-Construction of
building unit bonded together with
mortar.
 BRICK MASONRY:-The art of
laying bricks in mortar in a proper
systematic manner gives homogeneous
mass which can withstand forces without
disintegration, called Brick masonry.

4. BRICK MASONRY-UNIQUENESS
 FIRE RESISTANCE
 DURABILITY
WORAKABILITY
ECONOMICAL
SIZE

5. Characteristic of bricks
 Brick will not burn, buckle or melt.
 Brick will not rot and allow Termites to
invade.
 Brick will not rust and corrode.
 Brick will not dent.
 Brick will not fade from the Sun’s UV
Rays.
 Brick will not be damaged by high winds
, rain or hail.
 Brick will not require constant
maintains.
 Brick will not limit your design options.

6. ADVANTAGES OF BRICK MASONRY
 The Brick masonry is cheaper than
compared to stone masonry.
 Bricks are of uniform size.
 Bricks are very workable .
 Brick blocks don’t need any dressing.
 Bricks are very light in weight.
 No complicated lifting devices are
necessary in brick work.
 There is no problem to its availability.
 They do not require transportation from
long distances.
 Brick work can be done by the less
skilled labours also.
 Bonding strength is very good and brick
work is more durable.

7. Types of brick
SUNDRIED OR
KATCHA BRICKS
BURNT OR PACCA
BRICK

8. SUNDRIED OR KATCHA BRICKS
The bricks which dried only in sun are called sundried or
katcha bricks.
USES
They are only suitable for constructing enclosures etc.

9. BURNT OR PACCA BRICK
The bricks which are burnt in a kill after holding and
drying are called burnt or pacca bricks.
USES
These are generally used in permanent walls.

10. They are further classified into 4 types
•FIRST CLASS BRICKS
•SECOND CLASS BRICKS
•THIRD CLASS BRICKS
•OVERBURNT OR JHAMA BRICKS

11. FIRST CLASS BRICKS
The bricks which are well burnt and are
of uniform size and shape are know as
first class bricks.
PROPERTIES
They shall be well burnt and free
from saline deposit.
They shall be of uniform in size and
colour . They shall have fine uniform
texture.
They shall have clean sound.
USES
Masonry work , flooring, face work etc.

12. SECOND CLASS BRICKS
The bricks which not well burnt and
are not of uniform shape and size and
colour are known as second class
bricks.
PROPERTIES
They shall not be having uniform brick
colour.
They shall be same what irregular
shape having rough surface.
They are not so hard.
USES
These bricks are in interior wall.

13. THIRD CLASS BRICKS
The bricks which are under
burnt and are not uniform in
shape
and size are called third class
or pilla bricks.
PROPERTIES
They shall be slightly under
burnt.
They shall be yellowish in colour.
They shall have loose and non-
uniform texture.
USES
Temporary building construction,
scaffolding

14. OVER BURNT OR JHAMA
BRICKS
The bricks which are over burnt and of
irregular in shape and size are
called over burnt or jhama bricks.
PROPERTIES
They shall be over burnt and
districted bricks.
They shall be dark in colour.
They shall produce metallic ringing
sound.
USES
They are used as aggrigates and as
road metal.

15. TYPES OF BRICKS
MASONRY
Bricks Masonry
Brick work in mud Brick work in
cement

16. BRICK WORK IN MUD
The mud is used to fill up the
joints.
Thickness of the mortar joint is 12
mm.
Cheapest
Maximum height of wall is 4 m.

17. BRICK WORK IN CEMENT
 1st Class
 Cement of lime mortar is used.
 The surface and edges of bricks are sharp.
 The thickness of mortar joints doesn’t exceed 10mm
 2nd Class
 Ground moulded bricks are used.
 Bricks are rough and shape is slightly irregular.
 The thickness of mortar joint is 12 mm.
 3rd Class
 Bricks are not hard ,rough surface with distorted
shape.
 Used for temporary structures.
 Used in places where rainfall is not heavy.

18. BRICK COURSES & CLOSURES
 QUEEN CLOSURE: A brick cut
in half down its length.
 KING CLOSURE : A brick cut a
corner & joining middle points of
width and length of the brick.
 THREE QUARTER BAT : A
brick cut to three-quarters of its
length, and laid with its long,
narrow side exposed.
 HALF BAT: A brick cut in half
across its width and laid in the wall
structure.
 QUARTER BAT: A brick cut to a
quarter of its length.

19. ORIENTATION OF BRICKS
 STRETCHER: A brick laid
with its long narrow side
exposed.
 HEADER: A brick laid flat
with its width at the face of the
wall.
 SOLDIER: A brick laid
vertically with the long narrow
side of the brick exposed.
 SAILOR: A brick laid vertically
with the broad face of the brick
exposed.

20. Rules for good brick bonding
 Uniform in size.
 Bricks arranged uniformly throughout the wall.
 Bats are used as little as possible.
 The bricks in the interiors of wall laid as headers,
that is, across the wall.
 The lap not more than 2 and one-fourth(1/4)
inches.
 The vertical joints in every other course should be
vertically over one another.

21. Bonds in brick-work
1. English bond.
2. Flemish bond.
3. Header bond.
4. Stretcher bond.
5. Facing bond.
6. English cross bond.
7. Brick on edge bond.
8. Dutch bond.
9. Raking bond.
10. Garden wall bond

22. FLEMISH-BOND
 This bond has one stretcher
between headers, with the
headers centered over the
stretchers in the course below.
 When a course begins with a
stretcher, the course will
ordinarily terminate with a
stretcher at the other end.
 Brickwork that appears as
Flemish bond from both the
front and rear is Double
Flemish bond.

23. ENGLISH BOND
 Bricks are laid in alternate
courses of headers and stretchers.
 There is a chance of penetration
of damp through transverse
joints.
 Queen closures are inserted next
to headers to produce overlap.
 English bonds are the strongest
but it is to be noted that the
continuous vertical joints are to
be avoided.
 Appearance is not as good as
Flemish bonds.

24. SUSSEX BOND
 This bond has three
stretchers between every
header.
 the headers are centered
above the midpoint of three
stretchers in the course
below.
 Generally used as garden
walls and are relatively
cheaper than other bonds.

25. GARDEN-WALL BOND
 Used for 9 inch wall.
 Used when a fair face is
required on both sides.
 Wall is composed of three or
four courses of stretchers
alternating with one of
headers.
 It is mostly used in
construction of garden wall.

26. HEADER BOND
 Heading or Header Bond is laid on
headers.
 Used for round quick sweeps .
 Should never be used in straight
work as it is very week.
 This bond is used for facing of
curved surface and footings in
foundations.

27. STRETCHER BOND
 Bricks are laid in stretchers.
 Used in walls of half – brick in thickness.
 Due to its constant occurrence in the last position
it is also called Chimney Bond, Running Bond.
 This bond doesn’t develop proper internal bond.

28. QUALITIES OF GOOD BRICKS
1. Bricks should be uniform in shape & standard in size.
2. Bricks should give a clear metallic ringing sound when struck
with each other.
3. Bricks should show a bright homogeneous & free from voids.
4. Bricks should be well brunt and possess sharp edges.
5. Colour of the bricks should be uniform and bright.
6. Bricks should be sufficiently hard & no impression should be
left on bricks surface when scratched with finger nail.
7. Bricks should have crushing strength above 5.50N/mm”.
8. The bricks should not break when it dropped from a height of
about 1 m.
9. The bricks should not absorb water more than 20% by weight
when soaked in cold water for 24 hrs.
10. The bricks should not show any deposits of white salts when
allowed to dry in shade.

29. TESTS FOR BRICKS
1) Absorption:- The brick should not absorb water more
than 20% of dry weight.
2) Crushing strength:- As per BIS 1077-1957 the
minimum crushing strength of bricks is 3.5 N/mm2
3) Hardness :- Brick is treated to be sufficient hard if no
impression could be made on the surface of the brick by
finger nail.
4) Soundness :- Two bricks when struck with each other
should emit metallic ringing sound.
5) Structure :- It should be homogeneous ,compact ,and
free from any defects.
6) Shape & size :- Standard size (190 X 90 X 90 mm)
and shapes should be truly rectangular with sharp edges
and smooth surface.

30. DEFECTS IN BRICK
MASONRY
Sulphate attack :- Sulphate salts present in bricks
work react with alumina content of cement .It occur
in boundary walls.
Crystallization of salts from bricks :- Occur in
masonry made out of brick which contain excessive
soluble salts.This phenomenon is also known as
efflorescence.
 Corrosion of embedded iron or steel :- Iron or
steel embedded in brick work gets corroded in the
presence of dampness .On corrosion the metal
expands in volume and tends to crack the brick work.