Brick masonry involves laying bricks together with mortar to form walls or structures. There are different brick bonds like English, Flemish, and header bonds that are used. Bricks are manufactured through a process of mixing raw materials like fly ash, lime, and sand, and then pressing and curing the bricks. Brick masonry has advantages like fire resistance, durability, and economy. Proper tools, techniques, and testing help ensure high quality brick masonry.

1. BRICK MASONRY
PRESENTED BY:
SUBHENDU SAMUI
(dr.b.c.roy engineering college)

2. OVERVIEW
 INTRODUCTION
 DEFINATION
 UNIQUENSS
 CHARACTERISTIC OF BRICK
 ADVANTAGE
 MANUFACTURNG
 TYPES
 SIZE
 JOINT
 TOOLS
 TECHNICAL TERMS
 ORIENTATION
 RULES
 BOND
 CLASSIFICATION
 TESTS OF BRICK
 DEFECTS
 CONCLUSION

3.  Brick bonds are an essential part of wall
structure.
 "brick"is a standard-sized weight-
bearing building unit.
 Several bricks are laid together in
stacks.
 Mortar paste is placed on top of each to
form a firm bond.
 are laid to form the structure.
 There are different ways in which bricks
are termed as bonds.
IINNTRINTROODUCTI
ON

4. WHAT IS BRICK-MASONARY
 BRICK :- Brick is a building unit ,which is in the
form of rectangular block in which length to breadth
ratio is 2 but height can be different.
 MASONARY :-Construction of building unit
bonded together with mortar.
 BRICK MASONRY:-The art of laying bricks in
mortar in a proper systematic manner gives
homogeneous mass which can withstand forces
without disintegration, called Brick masonry.

5. BRICK MASONRY-UNIQUENESS
 FIRE RESISTANCE
 SIZE
 DURABILITY
 WORAKABILITY
 ECONOMICAL

6. CHARACTERISTIC OF BRICKS
 Brick will not burn, buckle or melt.
 Brick will not rot and allow Termites to invade.
 Brick will not rust and corrode.
 Brick will not dent.
 Brick will not fade from the Sun’s UV Rays.
 Brick will not be damaged by high winds , rain or
hail.
 Brick will not require constant maintains.
 Brick will not devalue.
 Brick will not limit your personal expression.
 Brick will not limit your design options.

7. ADVANTAGES OF BRICK MASONRY
 The Brick masonry is cheaper than
compared to stone masonry.
 Bricks are of uniform size.
 Bricks are very workable .
 Brick blocks don’t need any dressing.
 Bricks are very light in weight.
 No complicated lifting devices are
necessary in brick work.
 There is no problem to its availability.
 They do not require transportation from
long distances.
 Brick work can be done by the less
skilled labours also.
 Bonding strength is very good and brick
work is more durable.

8. MANUFACTURING OF BRICKS
 Raw materials like fly Ash,lime sand and gypsum or
fly Ash,cement & sand are manually fed into a pan
mixer where water added in the required proportion
for intimate mixing.The proportion of the raw material
is generally in the ratio 60-80% of fly Ash,20-25%
sand and 8-10% cement,or 60-80% of fly ash 10-20%
lime,10% gypsum and 10% sand,depending upon the
quality of raw materials.
 After mixing, the mixture is shifted to the
hydraulic/mechanical presses.The bricks are carried
on wooden pellets to the open area where they are
dried and water cured for 21 days .The bricks are
tested and sorted before dispatch.

9. TYPES OF BRICKS MASONRY
Bricks Masonry
Brick work in mud Brick work in cement

10. BRICK WORK IN MUD
 The mud is used to fill up the
joints.
 Thickness of the mortar joint is 12
mm.
 Cheapest
 Maximum height of wall is 4 m.

11. BRICK WORK IN CEMENT
 1st Class
 Cement of lime mortar is used.
 The surface and edges of bricks are sharp.
 The thickness of mortar joints doesn’t exceed
10mm
 2nd Class
 Ground moulded bricks are used.
 Bricks are rough and shape is slightly irregular.
 The thickness of mortar joint is 12 mm.
 3rd Class
 Bricks are not hard ,rough surface with
distorted shape.
 Used for temporary structures.
 Used in places where rainfall is not heavy.

12. SIZES OF BRICK
 Nominal size :-A standard
metric brick has coordinating
dimensions of 225 x 112.5 x 75
mm (9” x 4.5” x 3”)
 Architectural size :-
Working dimensions (actual
dimensions)of 215 x 102.5 x 65
mm (8.5” x 4” x 2.5”)

13. MASONRY JOINT
 Weathered joint :-Mortar joint has sloped
(downwards) edge.
 Concave joint :-Joint concave inwards.
 Vee joint :-Mortar joint is the form of V.
 Flush joint :-Mortar joint is flush with the brick
surface.
 Raked joint :-A large portion of the mortar joint is
raked out not a safe ,impermeable joint.
 Stripped joint :- A medium large portion of the
mortar joint is a safe permeable joint.
 Struck joint :-Mortar joint has aslope (upwards)
edge.

14. TOOLS USED IN BRICK MASONRY
 Trowel
 Plumb bob
 Hammer
 Spirit level
 Mason square
 Steel tape

15. BRICK COURSES & CLOSURES
 QUEEN CLOSURE: A brick cut
in half down its length.
 KING CLOSURE : A brick cut a
corner & joining middle points of
width and length of the brick.
 THREE QUARTER BAT : A
brick cut to three-quarters of its
length, and laid with its long,
narrow side exposed.
 HALF BAT: A brick cut in half
across its width and laid in the wall
structure.
 QUARTER BAT: A brick cut to a
quarter of its length.

16. ORIENTATION OF BRICKS
 STRETCHER: A brick laid
with its long narrow side
exposed.
 HEADER: A brick laid flat
with its width at the face of the
wall.
 SOLDIER: A brick laid
vertically with the long narrow
side of the brick exposed.
 SAILOR: A brick laid vertically
with the broad face of the brick
exposed.

17. RULES FOR GOOD BRICK BONDING
 Uniform in size.
 Bricks arranged uniformly throughout the wall.
 Bats are used as little as possible.
 The bricks in the interiors of wall laid as headers,
that is, across the wall.
 The lap not more than 2 and one-fourth(1/4) inches.
 The vertical joints in every other course should be
vertically over one another.

18. BONDS IN BRICK-WORK
1. English bond.
2. Flemish bond.
3. Header bond.
4. Stretcher bond.
5. Facing bond.
6. English cross bond.
7. Brick on edge bond.
8. Dutch bond.
9. Raking bond.
10. Garden wall bond

19. FLEMISH-BOND
 This bond has one stretcher
between headers, with the
headers centered over the
stretchers in the course below.
 When a course begins with a
stretcher, the course will
ordinarily terminate with a
stretcher at the other end.
 Brickwork that appears as
Flemish bond from both the
front and rear is Double
Flemish bond.

20. ENGLISH BOND
 Bricks are laid in alternate
courses of headers and stretchers.
 There is a chance of penetration
of damp through transverse
joints.
 Queen closures are inserted next
to headers to produce overlap.
 English bonds are the strongest
but it is to be noted that the
continuous vertical joints are to
be avoided.
 Appearance is not as good as
Flemish bonds.

21. SUSSEX BOND
 This bond has three
stretchers between every
header.
 the headers are centered
above the midpoint of three
stretchers in the course
below.
 Generally used as garden
walls and are relatively
cheaper than other bonds.

22. GARDEN-WALL BOND
 Used for 9 inch wall.
 Used when a fair face is
required on both sides.
 Wall is composed of three or
four courses of stretchers
alternating with one of
headers.
 It is mostly used in
construction of garden wall.

23. HEADER BOND
 Heading or Header Bond is laid on
headers.
 Used for round quick sweeps .
 Should never be used in straight
work as it is very week.
 This bond is used for facing of
curved surface and footings in
foundations.

24. STRETCHER BOND
 Bricks are laid in stretchers.
 Used in walls of half – brick in thickness.
 Due to its constant occurrence in the last position it
is also called Chimney Bond, Running Bond.
 This bond doesn’t develop proper internal bond.

25. QUALITIES OF GOOD BRICKS
1. Bricks should be uniform in shape & standard in size.
2. Bricks should give a clear metallic ringing sound when struck
with each other.
3. Bricks should show a bright homogeneous & free from voids.
4. Bricks should be well brunt and possess sharp edges.
5. Colour of the bricks should be uniform and bright.
6. Bricks should be sufficiently hard & no impression should be
left on bricks surface when scratched with finger nail.
7. Bricks should have crushing strength above 5.50N/mm”.
8. The bricks should not break when it dropped from a height
of about 1 m.
9. The bricks should not absorb water more than 20% by
weight when soaked in cold water for 24 hrs.
10. The bricks should not show any deposits of white salts when
allowed to dry in shade.

26. CLASSIFICATION OF BRICKS
 FIRST CLASS BRICKS :-
 This are table moulded.
 Surface & edges are sharp, square ,smooth , straight.
 Well brunt & have uniform texture ,metallic ringing when
struck against each other.
 Used for superior work.
 SECOND CLASS BRICKS :-
 This are ground moulded brick.
 Surface are rough.
 The quality of this bricks are inferior.
 THIRD CLASS BRICKS :-
 The surface & edges are rough.
 Does not create any metallic sound.
 Used for temporary & unimportant structure.
 FOURTH CLASS BRICKS :-
 This bricks are over brunt.
 Irregular shape & dark colour.
 Used in floor , foundation, roads.

27. TESTS FOR BRICKS
1) Absorption:- The brick should not absorb water more
than 20% of dry weight.
2) Crushing strength:- As per BIS 1077-1957 the
minimum crushing strength of bricks is 3.5 N/mm2
3) Hardness :- Brick is treated to be sufficient hard if no
impression could be made on the surface of the brick by
finger nail.
4) Soundness :- Two bricks when struck with each other
should emit metallic ringing sound.
5) Structure :- It should be homogeneous ,compact ,and
free from any defects.
6) Shape & size :- Standard size (190 X 90 X 90 mm)
and shapes should be truly rectangular with sharp
edges and smooth surface.

28. DEFECTS IN BRICK MASONRY
Sulphate attack :- Sulphate salts present in
bricks work react with alumina content of cement
.It occur in boundary walls.
Crystallization of salts from bricks :- Occur in
masonry made out of brick which contain excessive
soluble salts.This phenomenon is also known as
efflorescence.
Corrosion of embedded iron or steel :- Iron
or steel embedded in brick work gets corroded in
the presence of dampness .On corrosion the metal
expands in volume and tends to crack the brick
work.

29. CONCLUSION
 Masonry boasts an
impressive compressive
strength (vertical loads) but
is much lower in tensile
strength unless reinforced.
 Brick masonry increases the
thermal mass of a building
and thereby resists fire.
 Masonry tends to be heavy
and must be built upon a
strong foundation, such as
reinforced concrete, to avoid
settling and cracking.