Biochips are microprocessor chips used in biology that allow many biological tests to be performed simultaneously on a single chip. The concept was developed in the 1980s by Fred Sanger and Walter Gilbert. A biochip typically consists of a transponder that receives and transmits signals and a reader that decodes the signals. Biochips have applications in areas like medicine, identification, financial transactions, and e-commerce. While biochips are still an emerging technology in India, they could potentially replace documents like ID cards and passports. However, challenges remain regarding the availability, costs, and standardization of biochip technology.

1. S U B M I T T E D B Y -
K A U S T U B H G A D R E
R O L L N O 1 6
Seminar on-
Biochips(A future Technology)

2. Contents
Introduction
What are Biochips
History of Biochips
Architecture of Biochips
Applications of Biochips
Current status of
Biochips in India
Challenges for the future
Advantages and
Disadvantages
Conclusion

3. Introduction
A single electronic card may
replace
everything in your wallet
including. . .
. . . your cash
. . . your credit cards
. . . your ATM card
. . . your ID cards
. . . your insurance
. . . and your life
FUTURE One card, or one chip,
with your life

4. Introduction
 Technological advances have affected all aspects of modern day life.
 They continue to offer services that were once believed to be unrealistic.
 Biochips is one of the most exciting future technologies which is the outcome of
fusion of fields like Computer Science, Electronics and Biology.
 There is a strong analogy between computer chip and a bio chip, a computer
chip is able to perform thousands of mathematical operations whereas a bio
chip is suitable for performing thousands of biological reactions and give
output
 Biochips have become a essential tool in the automated clinical environment .
 Biochip can be thought of as a single entity with all your life’s information on it.

5. What are Biochips
 A biochip is a microprocessor chip used in biology.
 It is a collection of miniaturized test sites, arranged on a solid substrate that
permits many tests to be performed at the same time like that of in a computer
chip.
 The substrate used as a surface for the biochip includes silicon, fused quartz ,
soda glass and plastic.
 Biochips have very small surface area similar to that of a finger nail and it uses
RFID technology .
 Biochips have found their use in many spheres of life as DNA analysis,
decoding genes, animal and plant breeding, data storage and processing and as
a universal identifier.

6. What are Biochips
 Biochips are the soon to replace pesky passwords, pins, ATM cards. In fact if
steps are taken in the right direction biochips will soon look to replace all the
documentation that is required at various levels.
 Biochip is the technology that will actually digitize the world around you.
 It has the power to replace paper money.
 Companies such as AVID in US California are working on preparing such chips
and detectors.
 China and US are the emerging markets in the field of Biochips and with time
emerging markets like India will soon the enter the field.

7. These two are believed to have
conceptualized the concept of Biochip
Gilbert was awarded
the 1980 Nobel Prize
in Chemistry, shared
with Frederick
Sanger
HISTORY OF BIOCHIPS

8. History of Biochips
 Concept of a biochip was made possible by the work of Fred Sanger and Walter
Gilbert. The biochip technology was originally developed in 1983 for
monitoring fisheries.
 It’s use now includes, over 300 zoos, pets, monitoring lab animals, fisheries,
endangered wildlife, automobiles, hazardous waste.
 With the advancement in technology and increase in awareness regarding
biochips scientist have found out ways to use biochips for Humans .
 For instance artificial body parts like prosthetic legs ,arms are chipped and the
work of this biochip is to establish a communication with the brain
 Difficult surgeries such as implants have been made easy with the use of
Biochips

9. Architecture
and Working of
Biochips
The present day biochip
device is a very simple
device.
It is basically a computer
chip inserted under the
skin of humans , animals
for identification
purposes.
Biochips mainly consists
of two parts- A
transponder, A reader/
scanner.

10. Architecture and Working of Biochips
TRANSPONDER
 A transponder is a device that is used to receive signals and re transmit it in a way that is
identified by the system so that desired output can be achieved.
 A passive transponder is used in a biochip which is not activated until a low impulse
signal is sent by the user, hence having great life up to 99 years
 The reader reads the signal from the biochip implants and sends it for processing
 The transponder has four parts-
A computer chip is used to store a UID number which may vary from 10 to 15 digits. The reader reads the
number on this chip and then processes the data.
A antenna coil is used to send or receive signals from the reader or scanner
A turning capacitor stores a small fraction of electrical signal which is used to activate the transponder which
is in a passive state otherwise.
The glass capsule is the outer core or protective layer which houses the above mentioned components of the
transponder

11. Architecture and Working (Contd.)
 The reader consists of the necessary software and components required to
decode the signals that are received from the activated Biochip through the
antenna coil
 The reader then displays the output on a LCD screen or a computer that can be
connected via a RS 32 port

12. Applications of Biochips
 Biochip Technology can be used and adapted for almost any clinical application
in the world.
 With the help of Biochips tracing of Animals/Humans is possible.
 A biochip can store and update financial, medical, demographic almost any
data related to a human.
 A biochip can be used to do E commerce effectively and also avoid the cyber
fraud that have become a common sights these days.
 Biochips with the advanced technology that they use can soon replace
Passports, ATM and any kind of personal identification.

13. Applications of Biochips
 Biochips could be most effectively used in the field of medicine
 Biochip as a Glucose detector
 Biochip as a Blood Pressure Sensor
 Biochips used for implant surgeries
Ff THIS IS A HAND OF A PATIENT WHO HAS
BEEN IMPLANTED WITH A BIOCHIP.

14. Current status of Biochips in India
 As mentioned earlier Biochips are a technology of the future
 Its pretty early to think that biochips would easily accepted in India as it is
indeed a costly affair.
 Normally biochip is priced between $ 500- $2000 making it a non affordable
technology at the moment.
 However Biochips have been introduced in fields such as medicine and
research in India
 Biochips are a great way to replace the ruckus of documents required in India
and a step towards that has already been initiated with the Introduction of
“AADHAAR CARD”

15. Current status of Biochips in India
 Replacing the Aadhaar card with
the much anticipated Biochip may
take time but it is a achievement
which is surely in sight .
 Priyanka Sharma from Punjab,
India has developed a ultra low-
cost biochip for detecting
environmental pollutants in the
field to stop the excessive use of
insecticides and pesticides
A tiny step towards the
concept of Biochips

16. Challenges for
the future
Availability
Storage
Cost
Dependency
Standardization
 One of the major challenges in the Biochip industry is
that of research and analysis . It is a new industry
hence many areas and applications have not been
inspected yet.
 The second most important challenge is the
availability and costing of biochips, It is indeed a
costly technology and not easily available. Efforts
have to be made to make the technology more money-
friendly and its availability to other markets than
Europe or US.
 An effort to address the problem of standardization
has been achieved by formation of Genetic Analysis
Technology Consortium (GATC). The aim of this
group is to establish an industry standard for the
reading and analysis of many types of chips.

17. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
• Increases the speed of diagnosis.
• It is used for the identification
purpose.
• It can be used to locate missing
and kidnapped people.
• In cases when a natural disasters
occurs it helps to locate people
easily
Disadvantages
• Initial implementation cost is high
• If at any time the biochip fails is a
challenging question that still
puzzles scientists
• They raise critical issues of
personal privacy

18. Conclusion
A chip implant surely seems to be a fascinating idea as it promises to replace
credit card, passport, license and every single document that can be thought of.
Some may believe that a biochip implant can also improve a person’s mental
strength. A biochip with all of these qualities is only imaginable and gives us the
impression of sci-fi movie , but the idea is not far behind when this cannot be
achieved. The road is a long one, but the journey would be a wonderful one and
all this will make a world a better place to live in

19. Refrences
 Wikipedia
 www.nature.com (Article on Biochips)
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and
Advanced Engineering (Biochip Technology)

20. THANK YOU