Biochips can perform hundreds or thousands of biochemical reactions simultaneously on a surface no larger than a fingernail. They are used to analyze genes in cells and for applications in biology and medicine. A biochip consists of a microchip, antenna coil, capacitor, and glass capsule implanted under the skin. It communicates with a reader via radio signals. Biochips can identify diseases like sepsis from a blood sample within 20 minutes, faster than other methods. They allow multiple tests to be done at once and have advantages for applications in healthcare, forensics, and tracking of shipments.

1. PRESENTED BY :-
AVINASH SAHU
B.TECH - BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOCHIP(THE FUTURE OF MEDICINE)

2. OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
BIOCHIP
TECHNOLOGY AND ITS COMPONENT
TYPES OF BIOCHIP
CONCLUSION
IMPLANATATION AND ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS OF BIOCHIP
REFERENCE

3. Introduction
● Biochips are essentially miniaturized laboratories that can perform hundreds or
thousands of biochemical reactions simultaneously .
● Typically, a biochip's surface area is no larger than a fingernail (2-12 Inches).
● Biochip used to record the simultaneous activity of thousands of genes in a cell,
and is important for many areas of biology and medicine.
● Biochip is a device that is capable to analyse a wide range of physiological tasks
when placed into the human body.
● The development started with early work on the underlying sensor technology.
One of the first portable, chemistry-based sensors was the glass pH electrode,
invented in 1922 by Hughes .

4. The biochip system is a radio frequency
identification (RFID) based, using low-
frequency radio signals to communicate
between the biochip and reader .
Today’s, biochip implant is basically a
small (micro) computer chip, inserted
under the skin, for identification purposes.
The biochip implant system consists of
two components;
1. A Transponder and
2. A Reader or Scanner.
BIOCHIP TECHNOLOGY AND IT COMPONENTS
3D Surface image of a Biochip(Microchip)

5. IMPLANTING A BIO-CHIP

6. THE TRANSPONDER
● The transponder is the actual biochip implant.
● It is a passive transponder it contains no battery
or energy of it's own.
● Being passive, it's inactive until the reader
activates it by sending it a low-power electrical
charge.
● Components of Biochip
The biochip-transponder consists of four parts;
1.Computer microchip,
2.Antenna coil,
3.Capacitor And
4.Glass capsule.
THE READER or SCANNER
● The reader consists of an "exciter" coil which
creates an electromagnetic field that, via radio
signals, provides the necessary energy to
"excite" or "activate" the implanted biochip.
● The reader also carries a receiving coil that
receives the transmitted code or ID number
sent back from the "activated" implanted
biochip. This all takes place very fast, in
milliseconds.
● The reader also contains the software and
components to decode the received code and
display the result in an LCD display.
THE BIOCHIP IMPLANT SYSTEM

7. TYPES OF BIOCHIP
On the basis of target molecules in the sample, biochips are classified as
● Protein biochips
● DNA biochip
● Enzyme biochips &
● Lab-on-a-chip

8. APPLICATION
HUMAN GENOME
PROJECT
GENETIC VARIATION
FORENSIC
MEDICAL PURPOSE
MOLECULAR LEVEL
PHARMACOGENOMICS
CANCER DIAGNOSIS
POLLUTIONTRANSPORT
COMPANIES

9. IMPLANTATION OF RETINA BIOCHIP

10. • Physicians are able to analyze blood results and
recognize sepsis within 20 minutes using a biochip ,
• Sepsis, commonly known as 'blood poisoning,' is a
life threatening illness, caused by patients’ own
immune system going into overdrive.
• Sepsis immune response causes small blood clots to
form, blocking blood flow to vital organs, resulting in
organ failure. In the United States about 750,000
people get severe sepsis each year, and more than
200,000 die from it.
• These bind to the proteins – meaning antibodies,
protein and marked antibodies are all firmly linked to
each other and to the chip's surface. When the chip is
illuminated, the dye lights up." The apparatus sees
lots of little illuminated dots that show the protein was
in the blood. But if the patient is healthy, however, the
chip remains dark.
Biochip Can Recognize Sepsis Quickly

11. ❖More sensitive than bioassay tests currently in use.
❖Faster analysis than traditional methods.
For example, a biochip, also known as a “lab-on-chip” can be used to detect food pathogens
like E . Coli , salmonella, listeria and others all at the same time.
❖Able to provide results in a matter of minutes, opening up the possibility of a rapid, point-of-
care diagnostic tool for patients.
❖The potential of these devices is huge because multiple tests can be performed simultaneously.
❖ Biochip can recognize sepsis quickly.
❖ New biochip will test for HIV with just a drop of blood.
ADVANTAGES

12. CONCLUSION
➢ Biochips can be employed for multiple applications in various spheres of
technology such as diagnosis of cancer, blood clots, analysis of biomarkers,
biomolecules, etc,.
➢ The landscape study provides various other insights regarding principal assignees
and their focus area. The analysis also reveals that USA and China are the leading
countries for biochip development.
➢ Some mobile device manufacturers have even experimented with integrating
biochips onto mobile phone cases so that mobile operators could potentially begin
to offer health related services .
➢ It can be used in transport companies such as FedEx and Purolator in order to track
where their trucks and drivers are. They already use this technology (RFID tags) to
locate packages and track them around the world. Because they do not have to
contact every drivers to know if they are on schedule, it saves time and money.
➢ The presence of such giants making big leaps in this technology is a clear
indication that this industry has a bright future and it will mark a revolution in
medicine .
➢ “The ultimate goal is to lessen dependence on animal test subjects and decrease
time and cost for developing drugs”.

13. REFERENCES
1.LexInnova “Bio-chips: The Future Of Medicine - Patent Landscape Analysis” 13-Nov-2013
2.Prof. T.Venkat Narayana Rao, Sai Sukruthi.G, Gloria Raj . “ Biochip Technology –A Gigantic Innovation ”
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering. Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-
2459, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2012)
3. Images Via Google , Pinterest, and Videos via youtube
4.Best emerging tech from gartners hype cycle . “ TECH INSIDER ” (2015-8)
5.TODD LEWAN . “Chip Implants Linked to Animal Tumors - The Washington Post ” wp-
dyn/content/article/2007/09/08/AR2007090800997 .