Biochips are miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that can perform thousands of biological reactions in seconds. They consist of a transponder implanted under the skin and a reader that communicates with the transponder via radio waves. Biochips have applications in identification, financial transactions, medical diagnostics, and tracking individuals and animals. They offer advantages like speed, ability to store personal data, and replacing items like passports and ID cards.

1. SUBMITTED BY :
PANKAJ AGARWAL

2. OVERVIE
W
 INTRODUCTION
DEFINETION
STRUCTURE AND BASIC WORKING
BIOCHIP IMPLANT
APPLICATION
ADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
FUTURE

3. INTRODUCTION :-
 Collection of miniaturized test sites(microarrays)
arranged on a solid substrate.
 Permits many tests to be performed at the same time.
 Surface area is no longer than a fingernail.
 Perform thousands of biological reactions in a few
seconds.
 Used to analyze organic molecules associated with
living organisms.
 Help in identifying gene sequences, environmental
pollutants, airborne toxins, or other biochemical
constituents.

4. DEFINETION :-
• Collection of micro array arranged on a solid substrate.
• Can perform millions of mathematical operations.
• Can also perform thousands of biological operations.
• Increase speed of identification of genes.
Fig : Biochips

5. COMPONENTS :-
Biochip implant system consist of two component...
• Transponder
• Reader or scanner

6. TRANSPONDER :-
• It is the Actual Biochip Implant.
• Two Types of Transponder- Passive & Active.
• Using a Passive Transponder.
• Biochip & Reader Communicate Via low Frequency Radio Waves.
• Transponder Consist of Four Parts :-
1. Computer Microchip
2. Antenna Coil
3. Tuning Capacitor
4. Glass Capsule

7. Fig : Biochip Components

8. Fig : Perspective of Actual Size

9. • Computer Microchip :-
The microchip stores a unique identification number
from 10 to 15 digits long.
• Antenna Coil :-
This tiny, primitive, radio antenna “ receives & sends ”
signal from the reader or scanner.
• Tuning Capacitor :-
This capacitor is charged by the small signal sent by the
reader.
• Glass Capsule :-
“Houses” the microchip, antenna coil, capacitor. It is
made of biocompatible material such as soda lime glass.

10. READER OR SCANNER :-
• Consist of an “exciter” coil which creates electromagnetic
signal.
• Provide energy to “activate” the implanted biochip.
• Also carries a receiving coil to receive ID number.
• Contain the software and components to decode the receive
code & display the result in an LCD display.
•All done in millisecond.

11. WORKING:-
• Reader transmits a Low-power radio signal and activate
the implanted biochip.
• ID Number is transmitted by the transponder and received
by the reader.
• Reader display the ID number on the reader’s LCD
display

12. BIOCHIP IMPLANT :-
• Injected by a hypodermic syringe beneath the skin.
• Injection is safe and simple.
• Anesthesia is not required.
• Usually injected behind the neck.

14. APPLICATION :-
 With a biochip , tracing of a person/animal anywhere in
the world.
A biochip can store and update financial, medical and
demographic data, basically everything about a person.
 Biochip leads to a secured E-commerce system.
Biochip really have potential in replacing
passport, ATM, medical records etc.
Medicinal implementation of biochips- as glucose
detector, as oxygen sensor, as a blood pressure sensor etc.

15. ADVANTAGES :-
 Small in size.
 Faster & powerful.
 Perform thousand of biological reactions in a few seconds.
 Increase speed of diagnosis of unknown pathogens.
 Ability to detect multiple viral agent in parallel.
 Ease of use.

16. FUTURE :-
 A chip implanted some where in human body might
serve as a combination of
1. Credit card
2. Driving license
3. Passport
4. Personal identification etc.
 No longer would it be needed to worry about losing all
above thing.
 Can also widely established in veterinary field.

17. CONCLUSION:-
Biochips are :-
 Fast
 Accurate
 Miniaturized
 Advantages upon conventional Analyzer
 Expected to become economically advantageous attributes
that make them analogous to computer chip.

18. THANK YOU