Biochips are miniaturized labs that can perform many biochemical reactions simultaneously. They allow researchers to quickly screen large numbers of samples to detect diseases or bioterrorism agents. Biochips contain microarrays on a chip that can analyze molecules to identify gene sequences, pollutants, or other biochemical constituents. While initially developed in 1983, biochip technology has expanded and various types of biochips are now used for applications like individual identification, health monitoring, and replacing documents like passports.

1. BIOCHIP

2.  In molecular biology, biochips are essentially
miniaturized laboratories that can perform
hundreds or thousands of simultaneous
biochemical reactions
 Biochips enable researchers to quickly screen
large numbers of biological analytes for a
variety of purposes, from disease diagnosis to
detection of biotrrorism agents.

4.  Biochip is a microprocessor chip, an outcome
of computer science ,electronics and biology
 It is collection of microarray arranged on a
solid substratum and permit many test
 Used to analyze molecules associated with
living organisms
 Help in identifying gene
sequences,environmental pllutants,air toxins
and other biochemical constituent

5. HISTORY
 Developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries
 Large scale biochip development in 1990
 The major biochip companies are A.V.I.D AND
TROVAN IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
 Today ,a large variety of biochip technologies are
either in development or commercialized
 In 1980 fred sanger and walter gilbert were
awarded the nobel prize for DNA sequencing
 In 1983 kary mullis awarded nobel prize for PCR
reaction

6.  It is a microcomputer chip insrted under skin
dermis for identification purpose
 Biochip system is a radio frequency
identification system (RFID) use low
frequency radio signals to communicate
betweeen biochip and reader

7. IMPLANT SYSTEM OF BIOCHIP
 Implant system of biochip consist two
components
 The transponder
 The reader or scanner

10. TRANSPONDER
 Two types – Passive or Active
 Biochip system is a radio frequency
identification system (RFID) use low frequency
radio signals to communicate betweeen biochip
and reader
 The transponder consist 4 parts:
 Computer micro chip
 Antenna coil
 Tuning capacitor
 Glass capsule

11.  Computer microchip-the micro chip store a
unique identification number from 10 to 15 digit
long
 Antenna coil-this ,tiny primitive radio antenna
receives and send the signals from reader or
scanner
 Tuning capacitor-the capacitor is charged by the
small signal send by the reader
 Glass capsule-”houses” the microchip,antenna
coil and capacitor.It is made of biocompactabile
material such as soda lime glass

12. READER OR SCANNER
 Consist of an excitor coil which create an
electro magnetic field
 Provide energy to activate the implanted chip
 Also carries a receiving coil to receive the ID
number
 Contains the software and components to
decode the receive code and display the
result in an LCD display

13. WORKING
 reader transmit a low power radio signals and
activate the implanted biochip
 ID number transmitted by the transponder
and the received by the reader
 Reader displays the ID number on the readers
LCD display

14. BIOCHIP IMPLANT
 Injected by a hypodermic syringe beneath the
skin
 Injection is safe and simple
 Anesthesia is not required
 Usually injected beneath the neck of dogs
and cats

16. APPLICATION
 With a biochip tracing of a person or animal
anywhere in the world is possible
 A biochip can store and update financial,
medical,demographic data,basically everything
about a person
 Biochip are potent in replacing passport,cash
,medical records
 Medicinal implementation of biochip as-glucose
detector,as oxygen sensor,as blood pressure
sensor

17. ADVANTAGES
 to rescue the sick
 To find the lost people
 To identify people uniquley
 To monitor the health condition of individuals in
which they are specially employed
 Perform thousands of biological reactions in a
few seconds
 Incrase the sppd of diagnose the unknown
pathogens

18. DISADVANTAGE
 They rise critical issue of personal privacy
 They mark the freedom of human freedom
and dignity
 Turning every men,womem and child in to a
controlled slave
 They can be implanted into ones body
without their knowledge

19. FUTURE
 A chip implanted somewhere in human
bodies might serve as a combination of credit
card,passport,driving license,personal diary.
 No longer would it be needed to worry about
losing the credit cards while travelling