In molecular biology, biochips are essentially miniaturized laboratories that can perform hundreds or thousands of simultaneous biochemical reactions. Biochips enable researchers to quickly screen large numbers of biological analytes for a variety of purposes, from disease diagnosis to detection of bioterrorism agents.

1. Chameli Devi Group Of Institution
Seminar Presentation
On
“Bio Chips”
Guided By :- Submitted By :-
Mr. Ajay Jaiswal Arvind Carpenter

2. INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
STRUCTURE AND BASIC WORKING
BIOCHIP IMPLANT
APPLICATION
ADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
FUTURE
CONTENTS :-

3. INTRODUCTION :-
 Collection of miniaturized test sites(microarrays)
arranged on a solid substrate.
 Permits many tests to be performed at the same time.
 Surface area is no longer than a fingernail.
 Perform thousands of biological reactions in a few
seconds.
 Used to analyze organic molecules associated with
living organisms.
 Help in identifying gene sequences, environmental
pollutants, airborne toxins, or other biochemical
constituents.

4. DEFINITION :-
• Collection of micro array arranged on a solid substrate.
• Can perform millions of mathematical operations.
• Can also perform thousands of biological operations.
• Increase speed of identification of genes.

5. COMPONENTS :-
Biochip implant system consist of two component...
• Transponder
• Reader or scanner

6. TRANSPONDER :-
• It is the Actual Biochip Implant.
• Two Types of Transponder- Passive & Active.
• Using a Passive Transponder.
• Biochip & Reader Communicate Via low Frequency Radio Waves.
• Transponder Consist of Four Parts :-
1. Computer Microchip
2. Antenna Coil
3. Tuning Capacitor
4. Glass Capsule

7. Fig : Biochip Components

8. Fig : Perspective of Actual Size

9. • Computer Microchip :-
The microchip stores a unique identification number
from 10 to 15 digits long.
• Antenna Coil :-
This tiny, primitive, radio antenna “ receives & sends ”
signal from the reader or scanner.
• Tuning Capacitor :-
This capacitor is charged by the small signal sent by the
reader.
• Glass Capsule :-
“Houses” the microchip, antenna coil, capacitor. It is
made of biocompatible material such as soda lime glass.

10. READER OR SCANNER :-
• Consist of an “exciter” coil which creates electromagnetic
signal.
• Provide energy to “activate” the implanted biochip.
• Also carries a receiving coil to receive ID number.
• Contain the software and components to decode the receive
code & display the result in an LCD display.
•All done in millisecond.

11. WORKING:-
• Reader transmits a Low-power radio signal and activate
the implanted biochip.
• ID Number is transmitted by the transponder and received
by the reader.
• Reader display the ID number on the reader’s LCD
display

12. BIOCHIP IMPLANT :-
• Injected by a hypodermic syringe beneath the skin.
• Injection is safe and simple.
• Anesthesia is not required.
• Usually injected behind the neck.

14. APPLICATION :-
 With a biochip , tracing of a person/animal anywhere in
the world.
A biochip can store and update financial, medical and
demographic data, basically everything about a person.
 Biochip leads to a secured E-commerce system.
Biochip really have potential in replacing passport,
ATM, medical records etc.
Medicinal implementation of biochips- as glucose
detector, as oxygen sensor, as a blood pressure sensor etc.

15.  Small in size.
 Faster & powerful.
 Perform thousand of biological reactions in a few seconds.
 Increase speed of diagnosis of unknown pathogens.
 Ability to detect multiple viral agent in parallel.
 Ease of use.
ADVANTAGES :-

16. FUTURE :-
 A chip implanted some where in human body might
serve as a combination of
1. Credit card
2. Driving license
3. Passport
4. Personal identification etc.
 No longer would it be needed to worry about losing all
above thing.
 Can also widely established in veterinary field.

17. CONCLUSION:-
Biochips are :-
 Fast
 Accurate
 Miniaturized
 Advantages upon conventional Analyzer
 Expected to become economically advantageous attributes
that make them analogous to computer chip.

18. THANK YOU
