This is a report describing what a biochip is.In molecular biology, biochips are essentially miniaturized laboratories that can perform hundreds or thousands of simultaneous biochemical reactions. Biochips enable researchers to quickly screen large numbers of biological analytes for a variety of purposes, from disease diagnosis to detection of bioterrorism agents.A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites (microarrays) arranged on a solid substrate that permits many tests to be performed at the same time in order to achieve higher throughput and speed. Typically, a biochip's surface area is no larger than a fingernail.
This document discusses biochip technology. It begins with an introduction to biochips, which are microscopic electronic devices that use microarray and signal processing technologies. It then covers the history and development of biochips since the 1980s using advances in semiconductors and biochemistry. Biochips are classified into DNA chips, protein chips, antibody chips, and tissue chips. The document discusses the architecture of biochips and their applications in pharmaceutical research, medical diagnostics, forensics, transplantation, and environmental testing. It proposes future directions such as implantable multifunctional biochips for health monitoring and identification. In closing, the document expresses appreciation and invites questions.
Biochips are miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that can perform thousands of biological reactions in seconds. They consist of a transponder implanted under the skin and a reader that communicates with the transponder via radio waves. Biochips have applications in identification, financial transactions, medical diagnostics, and tracking individuals and animals. They offer advantages like speed, ability to store personal data, and replacing items like passports and ID cards.
This document discusses biochip technology, including its uses for tracking animals and humans, how it works using radio frequency identification, and some applications and concerns. Biochips are microchips implanted under the skin for identification purposes. They are passive transponders that can store identification information and be read by a scanner. Over 7 million animals and 6 million humans have been implanted with biochips for identification. However, some worry that if kidnappers learn about the chips, they could harm people to access the information stored on the chips. The document proposes some solutions to address security and privacy concerns with widespread adoption of biochip technology.
Biochips are microprocessor chips used in biology that allow many biological tests to be performed simultaneously on a single chip. The concept was developed in the 1980s by Fred Sanger and Walter Gilbert. A biochip typically consists of a transponder that receives and transmits signals and a reader that decodes the signals. Biochips have applications in areas like medicine, identification, financial transactions, and e-commerce. While biochips are still an emerging technology in India, they could potentially replace documents like ID cards and passports. However, challenges remain regarding the availability, costs, and standardization of biochip technology.
This document discusses biochips, which are microchips that can be implanted under the skin and used for identification and tracking purposes. It describes how biochips work using radio frequency identification technology to transmit identification codes to readers from a short distance. The document outlines the history of biochip development and components of both the transponder biochip implant and external reader devices. Biochips are seen as having potential applications for locating lost individuals but also raise privacy concerns if used for tracking without consent.
Biochips can perform hundreds or thousands of biochemical reactions simultaneously on a surface no larger than a fingernail. They are used to analyze genes in cells and for applications in biology and medicine. A biochip consists of a microchip, antenna coil, capacitor, and glass capsule implanted under the skin. It communicates with a reader via radio signals. Biochips can identify diseases like sepsis from a blood sample within 20 minutes, faster than other methods. They allow multiple tests to be done at once and have advantages for applications in healthcare, forensics, and tracking of shipments.
Biochips are miniaturized laboratories that can perform hundreds or thousands of biochemical reactions simultaneously. They contain thousands of individual sensors to analyze biological samples for applications like disease diagnosis and bioterrorism detection. A typical biochip consists of a computer microchip storing a unique identification number, an antenna coil, a tuning capacitor, and a hermetically sealed glass capsule containing these components. Biochips have advantages like being extremely small, able to detect multiple agents in parallel, and increase the speed of diagnosing unknown pathogens. However, they also have limitations such as difficulties in high density fabrication and standardization challenges across devices. Biochips have applications in areas like genomics, proteomics, cellomics, and bio-diagnostics
Biochips are miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that allow thousands of biological reactions to occur simultaneously. They consist of a transponder implanted beneath the skin containing a microchip, antenna coil, and capacitor that transmits an identification number when activated by a reader's electromagnetic field. Biochips have applications in tracing individuals, storing medical/financial data, and monitoring health conditions. While they provide benefits like rescue and identification, issues around privacy and control also exist. Future uses may include combining ID functions and enhancing mental abilities.
This document discusses biochip technology. It begins with an introduction to biochips, which are microscopic electronic devices that use microarray and signal processing technologies. It then covers the history and development of biochips since the 1980s using advances in semiconductors and biochemistry. Biochips are classified into DNA chips, protein chips, antibody chips, and tissue chips. The document discusses the architecture of biochips and their applications in pharmaceutical research, medical diagnostics, forensics, transplantation, and environmental testing. It proposes future directions such as implantable multifunctional biochips for health monitoring and identification. In closing, the document expresses appreciation and invites questions.
Biochips are miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that can perform thousands of biological reactions in seconds. They consist of a transponder implanted under the skin and a reader that communicates with the transponder via radio waves. Biochips have applications in identification, financial transactions, medical diagnostics, and tracking individuals and animals. They offer advantages like speed, ability to store personal data, and replacing items like passports and ID cards.
This document discusses biochip technology, including its uses for tracking animals and humans, how it works using radio frequency identification, and some applications and concerns. Biochips are microchips implanted under the skin for identification purposes. They are passive transponders that can store identification information and be read by a scanner. Over 7 million animals and 6 million humans have been implanted with biochips for identification. However, some worry that if kidnappers learn about the chips, they could harm people to access the information stored on the chips. The document proposes some solutions to address security and privacy concerns with widespread adoption of biochip technology.
Biochips are microprocessor chips used in biology that allow many biological tests to be performed simultaneously on a single chip. The concept was developed in the 1980s by Fred Sanger and Walter Gilbert. A biochip typically consists of a transponder that receives and transmits signals and a reader that decodes the signals. Biochips have applications in areas like medicine, identification, financial transactions, and e-commerce. While biochips are still an emerging technology in India, they could potentially replace documents like ID cards and passports. However, challenges remain regarding the availability, costs, and standardization of biochip technology.
This document discusses biochips, which are microchips that can be implanted under the skin and used for identification and tracking purposes. It describes how biochips work using radio frequency identification technology to transmit identification codes to readers from a short distance. The document outlines the history of biochip development and components of both the transponder biochip implant and external reader devices. Biochips are seen as having potential applications for locating lost individuals but also raise privacy concerns if used for tracking without consent.
Biochips can perform hundreds or thousands of biochemical reactions simultaneously on a surface no larger than a fingernail. They are used to analyze genes in cells and for applications in biology and medicine. A biochip consists of a microchip, antenna coil, capacitor, and glass capsule implanted under the skin. It communicates with a reader via radio signals. Biochips can identify diseases like sepsis from a blood sample within 20 minutes, faster than other methods. They allow multiple tests to be done at once and have advantages for applications in healthcare, forensics, and tracking of shipments.
Biochips are miniaturized laboratories that can perform hundreds or thousands of biochemical reactions simultaneously. They contain thousands of individual sensors to analyze biological samples for applications like disease diagnosis and bioterrorism detection. A typical biochip consists of a computer microchip storing a unique identification number, an antenna coil, a tuning capacitor, and a hermetically sealed glass capsule containing these components. Biochips have advantages like being extremely small, able to detect multiple agents in parallel, and increase the speed of diagnosing unknown pathogens. However, they also have limitations such as difficulties in high density fabrication and standardization challenges across devices. Biochips have applications in areas like genomics, proteomics, cellomics, and bio-diagnostics
Biochips are miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that allow thousands of biological reactions to occur simultaneously. They consist of a transponder implanted beneath the skin containing a microchip, antenna coil, and capacitor that transmits an identification number when activated by a reader's electromagnetic field. Biochips have applications in tracing individuals, storing medical/financial data, and monitoring health conditions. While they provide benefits like rescue and identification, issues around privacy and control also exist. Future uses may include combining ID functions and enhancing mental abilities.
This document discusses biochips, which are miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that allow thousands of biological reactions to occur simultaneously. It describes the basic components and workings of biochip systems, which involve a transponder implanted under the skin that communicates with an external reader via radio waves. The document outlines several applications of biochip technology in areas like identification, financial transactions, healthcare, and more. Both advantages like speed and potential disadvantages regarding privacy are mentioned. The future of more integrated biochip implants is also envisioned.
The document is a mid-term seminar report on biochips submitted by Isha D. Shende and Laxmi Kewat. It discusses biochips, which concentrate thousands of genetic tests on a small surface area to be analyzed quickly. The report covers what biochips are, their architecture including size and components, applications in areas like genomics and proteomics, human interfaces with biochips, and advantages and disadvantages. It provides an abstract, table of contents, list of figures, and discusses biochips over several chapters.
Biochips are microscopic electronic devices that can execute hundreds of operations simultaneously on a solid surface. They combine genetics, molecular biology and biochemistry. Biochips are made on glass or silicon wafers and are very small, around the size of an uncooked grain of rice. They have advanced biotechnology research and have potential applications in healthcare such as disease diagnosis, monitoring health conditions, and rescue operations. However, some privacy concerns exist around potential misuse of personal data from implanted biochips.
Biochips are small devices that can be implanted under the skin that contain electronic circuits and antennas. They are used for identification and can store personal information that is transmitted to readers. A biochip has a microchip, antenna coil, capacitor, and glass capsule. It receives and transmits signals to a reader that displays the unique identification number. Biochips have advantages like being small, fast, and able to store multiple types of personal data. They could potentially serve as credit cards, driver's licenses, and passports in the future with all information contained on one implanted chip.
Biochip technology allows for thousands of biological reactions to be performed simultaneously on a solid substrate the size of a fingernail. A biochip implant system consists of a transponder implanted beneath the skin which contains an identification number, and a reader which activates the transponder and receives the ID number. Biochips have applications in animal tracking, e-commerce, passports, medical diagnostics, and other areas due to their ability to store personal data, though they also raise privacy concerns if implanted without consent.
This presentation provides an overview of biochips. It defines biochips as a collection of miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that can perform thousands of biological reactions in seconds. The presentation describes the basic components and working of biochips, which involve a transponder implanted under the skin and an external reader. It discusses applications like tracking individuals, storing medical records, and sensors. While biochips provide benefits like speed and portability, the presentation also notes potential disadvantages regarding privacy and control issues.
The document discusses biochips, which are miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that can perform thousands of biological reactions simultaneously. Biochips can be used to analyze organic molecules, identify gene sequences, and detect pollutants. The document outlines the history, components, workings, applications, advantages, and future of biochip technology.
Biochips are miniaturized labs that can perform many biochemical reactions simultaneously. They allow researchers to quickly screen large numbers of samples to detect diseases or bioterrorism agents. Biochips contain microarrays on a chip that can analyze molecules to identify gene sequences, pollutants, or other biochemical constituents. While initially developed in 1983, biochip technology has expanded and various types of biochips are now used for applications like individual identification, health monitoring, and replacing documents like passports.
The first biochip was invented by an American company namely Affymetrix, and the product of this company is GeneChip (DNA microarrays). These products comprise the number of individual DNA sensors used for sensing defects. Biochip plays an essential role in the field of biology research like systems biology as well as disease biology while the number of clinical applications is rising. It is a set of microarrays which are placed on a strong surface of a substrate to allow thousands of reactions to be performed in less time. The development of biochip mainly includes the combination of molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics. Biochips are used for analyzing organic molecules connected with a live organism. This power-point presentation discusses what is Biochip, types, biochips and their uses, disadvantages, and its applications.
The document summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of biochip technology. The key advantages are that biochips allow for detection of multiple viral agents in parallel, clarification of unknown diseases, increased diagnosis speed, viral typing, and epidemiological tracing. However, the disadvantages are that early biochip fabrication methods had limitations in achieving high density and mass production.
Biochips are small devices that analyze biological molecules and are analogous to computer chips. They have been in development since the 1960s and were originally used to monitor fisheries populations. A biochip uses sensing chemistry to detect biological processes, microarrays to deposit biosensors densely on a substrate, and signal processing to translate detections into a computer-readable format. A biochip is implanted with a syringe and paired with a reader that provides power and receives the biochip's identification signal. Applications include tracking individuals, storing medical and financial data, and monitoring health conditions. While biochips could help healthcare, some argue they threaten privacy and freedom. Their future will depend on whether users see benefits outweighing risks.
The seminar presentation provided an overview of biochips, including how they work and their applications. It defined a biochip as a miniaturized laboratory capable of performing thousands of biochemical reactions simultaneously on a solid substrate. The presentation covered the brief history of biochip development, the technologies behind biochips such as sensing and signal processing, how biochips are structured and implanted in living organisms, their current applications in areas like healthcare and financial services, and their advantages like speed and ability to store user information. The future potential of biochips as replacements for passports and medical records was also discussed.
This document discusses bio-chip sensors. A bio-chip is a small-scale device analogous to an integrated circuit that analyzes organic molecules from living organisms. It consists of a transponder with a microchip storing a unique ID number, an antenna coil, tuning capacitor, and glass capsule. A scanner generates an electromagnetic field to activate the implanted bio-chip, which then sends its ID code back to the scanner via radio signals. Potential applications include tracking people and animals globally and storing medical, financial and personal data on a single chip. While bio-chips could identify individuals and perform many reactions quickly, they also raise privacy concerns and could be implanted without consent.
Biochips are microprocessor chips that combine computer science, electronics and biology. They were first developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries. A biochip implant is a small computer chip inserted under the skin for identification purposes. It consists of a transponder containing a microchip that stores a unique ID number, and a reader that can activate the transponder and receive its ID number within milliseconds even through materials like skin. Potential applications of biochips include genomics, proteomics, disease diagnosis, and developing biosensors that can detect health conditions like cancer before symptoms appear.
This document provides an overview of biochips, including their history, definition, structure, components, working, applications, advantages, and future potential. Key points include:
- Biochips are collections of microarrays arranged on a substrate that can perform thousands of biological reactions in seconds and increase the speed of gene identification.
- They were developed in the 1980s and 1990s and are still being improved, with applications including medical diagnostics, financial transactions, and tracking of individuals or animals.
- A biochip implant consists of a transponder containing a microchip, antenna, and capacitor housed in glass that can be injected, and a scanner that activates and receives the transponder's identification number.
Biochips are small computer chips that can be implanted under the skin for identification purposes. They use radio frequency identification (RFID) to communicate between the implanted chip and an external reader. Over 7 million animals and 6 million humans have received biochip implants. Biochips have applications in tracking individuals, storing medical and financial data, and replacing documents like passports. They consist of a passive transponder implanted in the body and an external reader that wirelessly activates and receives a unique identification code from the transponder. While biochips provide benefits like improved identification and monitoring, they also raise privacy concerns due to the potential for personal data to be accessed without consent.
This document discusses bionic eyes as a treatment for vision loss. It begins with an introduction to bionic eyes and how they can replace dysfunctional parts of the eye. It then describes the structure and function of the human eye, and two common eye diseases - retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration. The document outlines two methods for bionic eyes: the artificial silicon retina system and multiple unit artificial retina chip system. It discusses the potential for bionic eyes to help blind patients regain functions like facial recognition and navigation. The conclusion reiterates that bionic devices may not fully restore vision but can improve independence.
Development of wearable object detection system & blind stick for visuall...Arkadev Kundu
It is a wearable device. It has a camera, and it detects all living and non living object. This module detects moving object also. It is made with raspberry pi 3, and a camera. One headphone connect with raspberry pi. When this module detects items, it gave a sound output through headphone. Hence the blind man know that item, which is in-front of him or her. We made it in very low budget, and it is very helpful for visually challenged people. And the Blind stick help him to detect obstacles.
A transponder is an implanted biochip that consists of four main parts: a computer microchip, antenna coil, tuning capacitor, and glass capsule. It senses biological events and translates them into a format readable by a computer through transduction, which allows for additional analysis and processing to produce a final output understandable to humans.
Biochips are miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that can perform thousands of biological reactions in seconds. They require microarray technology along with transduction and signal processing to output results. Rapid advances in biochemistry and semiconductors in the 1980s led to large-scale biochip development in the 1990s. One of the first commercial biochips was Affymetrix's GeneChip for sensing gene defects. A biochip contains a microchip, antenna coil, capacitor, and glass capsule that stores and transmits identification information when activated by a reader.
This document provides an overview of biochips, including their history, components, how they work, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes how biochips were originally developed in 1983 for fisheries monitoring and have since been used in various applications. The key components of a biochip system are a passive transponder implanted beneath the skin and an external reader. The transponder contains a microchip with a unique ID number, antenna coil, and capacitor. When scanned with a reader, radio signals power the transponder and transmit the ID number back to be displayed. Biochips can be used to identify people or animals and store medical or financial information. While advantageous for identification and health applications, their high cost and inability to alter stored data
This document discusses biochips, which are miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that allow thousands of biological reactions to occur simultaneously. It describes the basic components and workings of biochip systems, which involve a transponder implanted under the skin that communicates with an external reader via radio waves. The document outlines several applications of biochip technology in areas like identification, financial transactions, healthcare, and more. Both advantages like speed and potential disadvantages regarding privacy are mentioned. The future of more integrated biochip implants is also envisioned.
The document is a mid-term seminar report on biochips submitted by Isha D. Shende and Laxmi Kewat. It discusses biochips, which concentrate thousands of genetic tests on a small surface area to be analyzed quickly. The report covers what biochips are, their architecture including size and components, applications in areas like genomics and proteomics, human interfaces with biochips, and advantages and disadvantages. It provides an abstract, table of contents, list of figures, and discusses biochips over several chapters.
Biochips are microscopic electronic devices that can execute hundreds of operations simultaneously on a solid surface. They combine genetics, molecular biology and biochemistry. Biochips are made on glass or silicon wafers and are very small, around the size of an uncooked grain of rice. They have advanced biotechnology research and have potential applications in healthcare such as disease diagnosis, monitoring health conditions, and rescue operations. However, some privacy concerns exist around potential misuse of personal data from implanted biochips.
Biochips are small devices that can be implanted under the skin that contain electronic circuits and antennas. They are used for identification and can store personal information that is transmitted to readers. A biochip has a microchip, antenna coil, capacitor, and glass capsule. It receives and transmits signals to a reader that displays the unique identification number. Biochips have advantages like being small, fast, and able to store multiple types of personal data. They could potentially serve as credit cards, driver's licenses, and passports in the future with all information contained on one implanted chip.
Biochip technology allows for thousands of biological reactions to be performed simultaneously on a solid substrate the size of a fingernail. A biochip implant system consists of a transponder implanted beneath the skin which contains an identification number, and a reader which activates the transponder and receives the ID number. Biochips have applications in animal tracking, e-commerce, passports, medical diagnostics, and other areas due to their ability to store personal data, though they also raise privacy concerns if implanted without consent.
This presentation provides an overview of biochips. It defines biochips as a collection of miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that can perform thousands of biological reactions in seconds. The presentation describes the basic components and working of biochips, which involve a transponder implanted under the skin and an external reader. It discusses applications like tracking individuals, storing medical records, and sensors. While biochips provide benefits like speed and portability, the presentation also notes potential disadvantages regarding privacy and control issues.
The document discusses biochips, which are miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that can perform thousands of biological reactions simultaneously. Biochips can be used to analyze organic molecules, identify gene sequences, and detect pollutants. The document outlines the history, components, workings, applications, advantages, and future of biochip technology.
Biochips are miniaturized labs that can perform many biochemical reactions simultaneously. They allow researchers to quickly screen large numbers of samples to detect diseases or bioterrorism agents. Biochips contain microarrays on a chip that can analyze molecules to identify gene sequences, pollutants, or other biochemical constituents. While initially developed in 1983, biochip technology has expanded and various types of biochips are now used for applications like individual identification, health monitoring, and replacing documents like passports.
The first biochip was invented by an American company namely Affymetrix, and the product of this company is GeneChip (DNA microarrays). These products comprise the number of individual DNA sensors used for sensing defects. Biochip plays an essential role in the field of biology research like systems biology as well as disease biology while the number of clinical applications is rising. It is a set of microarrays which are placed on a strong surface of a substrate to allow thousands of reactions to be performed in less time. The development of biochip mainly includes the combination of molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics. Biochips are used for analyzing organic molecules connected with a live organism. This power-point presentation discusses what is Biochip, types, biochips and their uses, disadvantages, and its applications.
The document summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of biochip technology. The key advantages are that biochips allow for detection of multiple viral agents in parallel, clarification of unknown diseases, increased diagnosis speed, viral typing, and epidemiological tracing. However, the disadvantages are that early biochip fabrication methods had limitations in achieving high density and mass production.
Biochips are small devices that analyze biological molecules and are analogous to computer chips. They have been in development since the 1960s and were originally used to monitor fisheries populations. A biochip uses sensing chemistry to detect biological processes, microarrays to deposit biosensors densely on a substrate, and signal processing to translate detections into a computer-readable format. A biochip is implanted with a syringe and paired with a reader that provides power and receives the biochip's identification signal. Applications include tracking individuals, storing medical and financial data, and monitoring health conditions. While biochips could help healthcare, some argue they threaten privacy and freedom. Their future will depend on whether users see benefits outweighing risks.
The seminar presentation provided an overview of biochips, including how they work and their applications. It defined a biochip as a miniaturized laboratory capable of performing thousands of biochemical reactions simultaneously on a solid substrate. The presentation covered the brief history of biochip development, the technologies behind biochips such as sensing and signal processing, how biochips are structured and implanted in living organisms, their current applications in areas like healthcare and financial services, and their advantages like speed and ability to store user information. The future potential of biochips as replacements for passports and medical records was also discussed.
This document discusses bio-chip sensors. A bio-chip is a small-scale device analogous to an integrated circuit that analyzes organic molecules from living organisms. It consists of a transponder with a microchip storing a unique ID number, an antenna coil, tuning capacitor, and glass capsule. A scanner generates an electromagnetic field to activate the implanted bio-chip, which then sends its ID code back to the scanner via radio signals. Potential applications include tracking people and animals globally and storing medical, financial and personal data on a single chip. While bio-chips could identify individuals and perform many reactions quickly, they also raise privacy concerns and could be implanted without consent.
Biochips are microprocessor chips that combine computer science, electronics and biology. They were first developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries. A biochip implant is a small computer chip inserted under the skin for identification purposes. It consists of a transponder containing a microchip that stores a unique ID number, and a reader that can activate the transponder and receive its ID number within milliseconds even through materials like skin. Potential applications of biochips include genomics, proteomics, disease diagnosis, and developing biosensors that can detect health conditions like cancer before symptoms appear.
This document provides an overview of biochips, including their history, definition, structure, components, working, applications, advantages, and future potential. Key points include:
- Biochips are collections of microarrays arranged on a substrate that can perform thousands of biological reactions in seconds and increase the speed of gene identification.
- They were developed in the 1980s and 1990s and are still being improved, with applications including medical diagnostics, financial transactions, and tracking of individuals or animals.
- A biochip implant consists of a transponder containing a microchip, antenna, and capacitor housed in glass that can be injected, and a scanner that activates and receives the transponder's identification number.
Biochips are small computer chips that can be implanted under the skin for identification purposes. They use radio frequency identification (RFID) to communicate between the implanted chip and an external reader. Over 7 million animals and 6 million humans have received biochip implants. Biochips have applications in tracking individuals, storing medical and financial data, and replacing documents like passports. They consist of a passive transponder implanted in the body and an external reader that wirelessly activates and receives a unique identification code from the transponder. While biochips provide benefits like improved identification and monitoring, they also raise privacy concerns due to the potential for personal data to be accessed without consent.
This document discusses bionic eyes as a treatment for vision loss. It begins with an introduction to bionic eyes and how they can replace dysfunctional parts of the eye. It then describes the structure and function of the human eye, and two common eye diseases - retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration. The document outlines two methods for bionic eyes: the artificial silicon retina system and multiple unit artificial retina chip system. It discusses the potential for bionic eyes to help blind patients regain functions like facial recognition and navigation. The conclusion reiterates that bionic devices may not fully restore vision but can improve independence.
Development of wearable object detection system & blind stick for visuall...Arkadev Kundu
It is a wearable device. It has a camera, and it detects all living and non living object. This module detects moving object also. It is made with raspberry pi 3, and a camera. One headphone connect with raspberry pi. When this module detects items, it gave a sound output through headphone. Hence the blind man know that item, which is in-front of him or her. We made it in very low budget, and it is very helpful for visually challenged people. And the Blind stick help him to detect obstacles.
A transponder is an implanted biochip that consists of four main parts: a computer microchip, antenna coil, tuning capacitor, and glass capsule. It senses biological events and translates them into a format readable by a computer through transduction, which allows for additional analysis and processing to produce a final output understandable to humans.
Biochips are miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that can perform thousands of biological reactions in seconds. They require microarray technology along with transduction and signal processing to output results. Rapid advances in biochemistry and semiconductors in the 1980s led to large-scale biochip development in the 1990s. One of the first commercial biochips was Affymetrix's GeneChip for sensing gene defects. A biochip contains a microchip, antenna coil, capacitor, and glass capsule that stores and transmits identification information when activated by a reader.
This document provides an overview of biochips, including their history, components, how they work, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes how biochips were originally developed in 1983 for fisheries monitoring and have since been used in various applications. The key components of a biochip system are a passive transponder implanted beneath the skin and an external reader. The transponder contains a microchip with a unique ID number, antenna coil, and capacitor. When scanned with a reader, radio signals power the transponder and transmit the ID number back to be displayed. Biochips can be used to identify people or animals and store medical or financial information. While advantageous for identification and health applications, their high cost and inability to alter stored data
Biochip technology allows thousands of biological tests to be performed simultaneously on a surface area smaller than a fingernail. A biochip contains miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that can analyze genes and other biomolecules quickly. It works by concentrating genetic tests on a small area so they can be analyzed by computer in a short time, making individual tests cheaper while allowing more tests to be conducted. A biochip is made up of a microchip containing identification information, an antenna coil, capacitor, and glass capsule that together allow it to transmit its ID to a scanner wirelessly.
In molecular biology, biochips are essentially miniaturized laboratories that can perform hundreds or thousands of simultaneous biochemical reactions. Biochips enable researchers to quickly screen large numbers of biological analytes for a variety of purposes, from disease diagnosis to detection of bioterrorism agents.
A biochip is a electronic device used to analyze organic molecules associated with living organisms.The development of biochips has long history starting with early work on the underlying sensor technology. A glucose sensor developed
in 1962 by Clark and colleague Lyons.The biochip system is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system.A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites (microarrays) arranged on a solid substrate that permits many tests to be performed at the same time in order to achieve higher throughput and speed. Typically, a biochip's surface area is no larger than a fingernail.
The document discusses biochip technology which involves microprocessor chips that can be used in biology. It describes how biochips could potentially store a person's financial, medical, and identity information and be used to make payments, access medical records, and more. It proposes implementations of biochips with sensors to detect glucose, oxygen, and blood pressure levels. However, it notes that if biochips contained all of a person's electronic information, there could be security issues like theft where criminals extract chips from people. A solution is needed to address this potential problem. The document provides an overview of emerging biochip technology and applications as well as a security concern that would need to be resolved.
Biochips are collections of miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that allow many tests to be performed simultaneously, achieving higher throughput and speed. A biochip's surface is no larger than a fingernail but can perform thousands of biological reactions in just seconds. Biochips consist of a transponder containing a microchip, antenna coil, and tuning capacitor encapsulated in glass, and a reader with an exciter coil and receiving coil. They have a wide range of applications from tracking individuals to detecting medical conditions and are small, powerful, fast, and accurate with significant potential for future development and use.
BIOCHIPS-A single electronics card may replace your wallet, your financial as well as medicinal records, your ATM no. etc. It consist of two components -Transponder and receiver . Biochips are very small size .These are implanted under the skin and works on low radio frequency signals. This technology is result of combination of Computer and Electrical Engineering.It is very helpful in modern digital scenario.
The document discusses nanotechnology and biochips. It defines nanotechnology as the study and application of structures between 1 and 100 nanometers in size across various fields like chemistry, biology, and engineering. It describes a biochip as an electronic device that can replace items in a wallet and store personal information. A biochip works with a reader that uses radio signals to provide power and communicate with the implanted biochip, transmitting the ID code. Potential applications of biochips include tracking people or animals, storing medical and financial data, and replacing documents like passports.
The document discusses nanotechnology and biochips. It defines nanotechnology as the study and application of structures between 1 and 100 nanometers in size across various fields like chemistry, biology, and engineering. It describes a biochip as an electronic device that can replace items in a wallet and store personal information. A biochip works with a reader that uses radio signals to provide power and communicate with the implanted biochip, exchanging data like an identification code. Potential applications of biochips mentioned include financial transactions, medical records, passports, and monitoring health metrics like glucose and blood pressure levels.
Basically A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites (microarrays) arranged on a solid substrate that allows many tests to be performed at the same time in order to achieve higher throughput and pace. Typically, a biochip's surface area is no larger than a fingernail. Like a computer chip that can perform millions of mathematical operations in one second, a biochip can perform thousands of biological reactions, such as decoding genes in few seconds.
For find more info about biochip, go through this presentation.it will help you for know more about this topic.
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“Biochips” form the most exciting technology to emerge from the fields of Biotechnology, Electronics and Computers in recent years.
Advances in the areas of proteomics, genomics and pharmaceuticals are empowering scientists with new methods for unraveling the complex biochemical processes occurring within cells, with the larger goal of understanding and treating human diseases.
Almost simultaneously, the semiconductor industry has been steadily perfecting the science of micro-miniaturization.
Biochips can perform thousands of biological reactions in seconds. They integrate sensors to detect substances like glucose, oxygen, and blood pressure. While biochips can help monitor health and identify individuals, they also raise privacy concerns. The future of biochips depends on balancing their advantages in healthcare with ethical issues around personal freedom and privacy.
Biochips are small devices made from materials like silicon and plastic that can analyze thousands of biological elements simultaneously. They contain arrays of biosensors and can perform many reactions quickly. Key applications of biochips include disease diagnosis, drug development, and analyzing gene expression. The document discusses the components of biochips like transponders and readers. It also describes different types of biochips such as DNA microarrays, protein microarrays, and microfluidic chips. Finally, potential medical uses of biochips are presented, including sensors for glucose levels, oxygen levels, and blood pressure.
The document discusses biochip technology, including how biochips work and their applications. A biochip is a microchip implanted under the skin for identification purposes using radio frequency identification. Biochips store identification numbers and other information and can be used to track people and animals. They are currently used to identify over 7 million animals and 6 million medical implant recipients. However, some privacy and security concerns exist if biochips stored too much personal information, as it could put people at risk if the information was accessed without consent.
DARPA and World PREPARES FOR CYBORG FUTURE USING NEURAL INTERFACE IMPLANTSBose Chandra
DARPA is developing neural interface implants to prepare for a cyborg future. The implants would establish communication between electronic devices and brain neurons. DARPA is researching these implants for U.S. soldiers to monitor and regulate peripheral nerve signals, helping patients restore health without surgery or drugs. Currently, neuromodulation devices are relatively large but DARPA's program aims to develop smaller, less invasive implants.
A biochip is a combination of biological and computer chip technologies that can perform thousands of biological reactions and mathematical operations quickly. It uses microarrays arranged on a substrate to perform multiple tests simultaneously, increasing throughput and speed. Biochips can be implanted under the skin to uniquely identify individuals and track their location using radio frequency identification. They allow integration of computer science, electronics and biology and can accurately monitor what activities and tasks a person is performing.
Biochips were invented 9 years ago and can be used to assemble DNA molecules on a chip or perform thousands of biological reactions in seconds. Researchers are working to integrate biochips with the human body by implanting them under the skin to monitor health metrics like blood glucose or oxygen levels. However, implantable biochips raise significant privacy and ethical concerns if they are used to track or control individuals without their consent.
The document discusses biochips, which are microarray devices implanted under the skin that can perform multiple medical tests simultaneously. It provides the history of biochips from their origins in glucose sensors to modern commercial versions. A biochip implant consists of a transponder containing a microchip, antenna coil, and capacitor, encased in biocompatible glass. When activated by a reader, it transmits a unique identification code. Applications include tracking individuals, storing medical/financial information, and monitoring health conditions like glucose levels. While biochips provide benefits for healthcare, they also raise privacy and freedom concerns if used to monitor people without consent.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
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Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
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Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Biochip seminar report
1. 1
CHAPTER 1
BIOCHIP
INTRODUCTION
Most of us won’t like the idea of implanting a biochip in our body that identifies us
uniquely and can be used to track our location. That would be a major loss of privacy. But
there is a flip side to this! Such biochips could help agencies to locate lost children, downed
soldiers and wandering Alzheimer’s patients. The human body is the next big target of
chipmakers. It won’t be long before biochip implants will come to the rescue of sick, or those
who are handicapped in someway. Large amount of money and research has already gone
into this area of technology.Anyway, such implants have already experimented with. A few
US companies are selling both chips and their detectors. The chips are of size of an uncooked
grain of rice, small enough to be injected under the skin using a syringe needle. They respond
to a signal from the detector, held just a few feet away, by transmitting an identification
number. This number is then compared with the database listings of register pets. In
1953, Watson and Crick announced their discovery of the now familiar double helix structure
of DNA molecules and set the stage for genetics research that continues to the present
day. The development of sequencing techniques in 1977 by Gilbert and Sanger (working
separately) enabled researchers to directly read the genetic codes that provide instructions
for protein synthesis. Two additional developments enabled the technology used in modern
DNA-based. First, in 1983 Mullis invented the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, a
method for amplifying DNA concentrations. This discovery made possible the detection of
extremely small quantities of DNA in samples. Secondly in 1986 Hood and co-workers
devised a method to label DNA molecules with fluorescent tags instead of radiolabels, thus
enabling hybridization experiments to be observed optically.
2. 2
CHAPTER 2
BIOCHIP DEFINITION
A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites (micro arrays) arranged on a solid
substrate that permits many tests to be performed at the same time in order to get higher
throughput and speed. Typically, a biochip’s surface area is not longer than a fingernail. Like
a computer chip that can perform millions of mathematical operation in one second, a biochip
can perform thousands of biological operations, such as decoding genes, in a few seconds.
A genetic biochip is designed to “freeze” into place the structures of many short strands of
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the basic chemical instruction that determines the
characteristics of an organism. Effectively, it is used as a kind of “test tube” for real chemical
samples.
A specifically designed microscope can determine where the sample hybridized with
DNA strands in the biochip. Biochips helped to dramatically increase the speed of the
identification of the estimated 80,000 genes in human DNA, in the world wide research
collaboration known as the Human Genome Project. The microchip is described as a sort of
“word search” function that can quickly sequence DNA.In addition to genetic applications,
the biochip is being used in toxicological, protein, and biochemical research. Biochips can
also be used to rapidly detect chemical agents used in biological warfare so that defensive
measures can be taken. Motorola, Hitachi, IBM, Texas Instruments have entered into the
biochip business.
3. 3
CHAPTER 3
STRUCTURE AND WORKING OF AN IMPLANTED SYSTEM
The biochip implants system consists of two components: a transponder and a reader
or scanner.The transponder is the actual biochip implant. The biochip system is radio
frequency identification (RFID) system, using low-frequency radio signals to communicate
between the biochip and reader. The reading range or activation range, between reader and
biochip is small, normally between 2 and 12 inches.
3.1 The transponder :
The transponder is the actual biochip implant. It is a passivetransponder, meaning it
contains no battery or energy of its own. In comparison, an active transponder would provide
its own energy source, normally a small battery. Because the passive contains no battery, or
nothing to wear out, it has a very long life up to 99 years, and no maintenance. Being passive,
it is inactive until the reader activates it by sending it a low-power electrical charge. The
reader reads or scans the implanted biochip and receives back data (in this case an
identification number) from the biochips. The communication between biochip and reader is
via low-frequency radio waves. Since the communication is via very low frequency radio
waves it is nit at all harmful to the human body. The biochip-transponder consists of four
parts; computer microchip, antenna coil, capacitor and the glass capsule.
Fig 3.1.1:Components of a biochip
3.2 Computer microchips :
The microchip stores a unique identification number from 10 to 15 digits long. The
storage capacity of the current microchips is limited, capable of storing only a single ID
number. AVID (American Veterinary Identification Devices), claims their chips, using a
4. 4
nnn-nnn-nnn format, has the capability of over 70 trillion unique numbers. The unique ID
number is “etched” or encoded via a laser onto the surface of the microchip before assembly.
Once the number is encoded it is impossible to alter. The microchip also contains the
electronic circuitry necessary to transmit the ID number to the “reader”.
3.3 Antenna Coil :
This is normally a simple, coil of copper wire around a ferrite or iron core. This tiny,
primitive, radio antenna receives and sends signals from the reader or scanner.
3.4 Tuning Capacitor:
The capacitor stores the small electrical charge (less than 1/1000 of a watt) sent by the
reader or scanner, which activates the transponder. This “activation” allows the transponder
to send back the ID number encoded in the computer chip. Because “radio waves” are
utilized to communicate between the transponder and reader, the capacitor is tuned to the
same frequency as the reader.
Fig 3.5.2:Reader or Scanner
3.5 The reader:
The reader consists of an “exciter coil” which creates an electromagnetic field that,
via radio signals, provides the necessary energy (less than 1/1000 of a watt) to “excite” or
“activate”the implanted biochip. The reader also carries a receiving coil that receives the
transmitted code or ID number sent back from the “activated” implanted biochip. This all
takes place very fast, in milliseconds. The reader also contains the software and components
5. 5
to decode the received code and display the result in an LCD display. The reader can include
a RS-232 port to attach a computer.
3.6 How it works:
The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in this case via radio
signals, which “activates” the implanted biochip. This “activation” enables the biochip to
send the ID code back to the reader via radio signals. The reader amplifies the received code,
converts it to digital format, decodes and displays the ID number on the reader’s LCD
display. The reader must normally be between 2 and 12 inches near the biochip to
communicate. The reader and biochip can communicate through most materials, except
metal.
6. 6
CHAPTER 4
PROBLEMS OF BIOCHIP
A chip implant would contain a person’s financial world, medical history health care
it would contain his electronic life. If cash no longer existed and if the world’s economy was
totally chip oriented; there would be a huge "black-market" for chips! Since there is no cash
criminals would cut off hands and heads, stealing "rich-folks" chips. It is very dangerous
because once kidnappers get to know about these chips, they will skin people to find them,"
There are technological, standardization-related, ethical and societal problems in biochip
development. For biochip market expansion, in addition to technological problems, it is
necessary to overcome social, institutional, marketing and economic problems all together.
For research and development biochips, 'exhaustiveness' is an important technological
requirement because they are used as a 'search tool' to find genes related to diseases and
involved in life phenomena. On the other hand, the technological requirement of diagnostic
biochips is the 'accurate, quantitative and reproducible detection' of specific genes and
proteins characterizing diseases. Accuracy and reproducibility of analytical results are also
required in research and development, even if there includes failing data. By contrast, failing
is not an option in diagnosis on hospital patients. In research and development, researchers
use chips with sufficient knowledge to modify chips to collect necessary data for their
research.[4–8]By contrast, to spread the use of diagnostic biochips widely, it is necessary for
persons unfamiliar with handling biochips to be able to operate them with no errors. Thus,
'simple operation for everybody' is a technological requirement.
Experimental plans can be secured by designing beforehand in research and
development, but the results should be obtained within approximately 1 h to reflect the
results in the prescription of drugs and diagnosis for outpatients, for which the 'rapid
obtaining of analytical results' is a technological requirement.
7. 7
CHAPTER 5
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES AND ITS CONCLUSION
5.1 ADVANTAGES
1. To rescue the sick
2. To find lost people.
3. To locate downed children and wandering Alzheimer’s Patients.
4. To identify person uniquely.
5. They can perform thousands of biological reactions operations in few seconds.
6. In monitoring health condition of individuals in which they are specifically employed.
7. They can perform thousands of biochemical reactions.
5.2 DISADVANTAGES
1. They raise critical issues of personal privacy.
2. They mark the end of human freedom and dignity.
3.They may not be supported by large % of people.
4. There is a danger of turning every man, women, and Child into a controlled slave.
5. Through cybernitic biochip implants people will think and act as exactly pre-programmed.
6. They can be implanted into one’s body without their knowledge.
5.3 CONCLUSION
1. Infotech will be implanted in our bodies.
2. A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies might serve as a combination of credit
card, passport, driver's license, personal diary.
3. No longer would it beneeded to worry about losing the credit cards while traveling.
4. A chip inserted into human bodies might also give us extra mental power.
5. The really fascinating idea is under fast track research "but we're close.”
6. The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is not too far from now.
8. 8
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