arithmetic ins in 8051
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The document describes various arithmetic instructions for an 8-bit microcontroller including ADD, SUB, INC, DEC, MUL, and DIV. It explains how these instructions affect the flags in the Program Status Word register. Addition and subtraction instructions can set flags for carry, auxiliary carry, and overflow. Increment and decrement only affect the accumulator and do not change flags. Multiplication stores the high byte in B and low byte in A. Division stores the quotient in A and remainder in B, setting the overflow flag if there is a divide by zero.
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Question paper with solution the 8051 microcontroller based embedded systems...
This document contains a question paper with solutions for the subject Microcontrollers from VTU's 4th semester B.E. examination from June-July 2013. The paper tests knowledge of CPU architectures like CISC, RISC, von Neumann, and Harvard. It also compares microprocessors and microcontrollers and tests understanding of interfacing 8051 microcontrollers to external memory. Finally, it examines the five addressing modes of 8051 - immediate, register, direct, indirect and indexed addressing - providing examples of each.
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The document discusses various logical and arithmetic operations in 8051 assembly language. It describes different types of instructions including data transfer, program branching, logical and arithmetic. Logical instructions include byte-level and bit-level logical operations like AND, OR, XOR. Arithmetic instructions cover operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Examples are provided to illustrate how these instructions work and how they affect the flag register.
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The document discusses various methods for representing and processing numeric data, including:
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This document discusses various arithmetic and logic operations that can be performed on the 8051 microcontroller including signed and unsigned operations, binary and BCD arithmetic, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, logic operations, rotate and swap operations, and single bit instructions. It provides examples of how to perform operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division on 8051 in both binary and BCD formats. It also explains concepts related to signed arithmetic like representation of negative numbers, usage of overflow flag, and how to perform signed arithmetic operations.
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1) The document discusses arithmetic instructions for the 8051 microcontroller, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
2) It provides examples of adding signed and unsigned numbers, as well as performing binary-coded decimal arithmetic. Special instructions like DA are used to handle carries for BCD.
3) Applications described include converting hexadecimal values from an input port to decimal numbers by repeated division, and representing signed 8-bit two's complement numbers.
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This document provides an overview of arithmetic and logic instructions in x86 assembly language. It discusses unsigned and signed addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It also covers logic instructions like AND, OR, XOR, shift, compare, and conversions between binary-coded decimal and ASCII. Finally, it explains interrupts and rotation instructions in x86, specifically covering ROR, ROL, RCR, and RCL.
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Unsigned numbers are defined as data in which all the bits are used to represent data.Operand can be between 00 and FFH(0to255decimal)for 8-bitdata.
Between 0000 and FFFFH(0 to 65535decimal)for 16-bitdata.
The x86 uses internal adder circuitry to perform the subtraction command.
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Here are the steps:
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So after the multiplication, AX = 1B89H.
Ex2: Assume that each instruction starts from these values:
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A microprocessor is an electronic component that is used by a computer to do its work. It is a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip containing millions of very small components including transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together. Some microprocessors in the 20th century required several chips. Microprocessors help to do everything from controlling elevators to searching the Web. Everything a computer does is described by instructions of computer programs, and microprocessors carry out these instructions many millions of times a second. [1]
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Intel 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor. It handles 8-bit data at a time. One byte consists of 8-bits.A memory location for Intel 8085 microprocessor is designed to accumulate 8-bit data. If 16-bit data are to be stored, they are stored in consecutive memory locations. The address of memory location is 0f 16-bit i.e. 2 bytes. In this slide we have discussed about the various instructions set of INTEL 8085 micrpoprocessor.
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The 8051 microcontroller architecture is widely used, with over 100 million sold each year. It has an 8-bit CPU, 4K of program memory, 128 bytes of internal data memory, and supports up to 64K of external memory and I/O ports. Program and data memories use separate address spaces in a Harvard architecture.
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The 8051 microcontroller can address 4KB of internal program memory from addresses 0000 to 0FFF. It can also address 64KB of external program memory from addresses 0000 to FFFF. The 8051 supports 64KB of external data memory from addresses 0000 to FFFF which is accessed using the data pointer register (DPTR). It has 128 bits of internal bit-addressable memory from addresses 20h to 2Fh. Special function registers for timers, serial ports, and other peripherals are located at addresses 80h to FFh and are accessed using direct addressing. External I/O devices are interfaced as memory-mapped I/O and consume external memory addresses, which may overlap with external program and data memory addresses.
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The document summarizes common logical instructions in computing including bitwise logic operations like AND, OR, XOR, and NOT. It also covers instructions for clearing bits, rotating bits, swapping bits, and rotating through the carry flag. Examples are provided for each type of logical instruction to demonstrate how they work on bits in a processor.
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The 8051 microcontroller uses interrupts to notify the processor of important events that may need immediate attention. There are two types of interrupts on the 8051: external interrupts and timer interrupts. External interrupts are triggered by changes in voltage on the external interrupt pins, while timer interrupts are generated by the on-chip timer/counter when it overflows.
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The document describes different types of instructions for the 8051 microcontroller including:
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2. Immediate mode instructions specify data using a value like MOV A,#0 to move the value 0 to the accumulator register.
3. Register addressing uses source or destination CPU registers like MOV R0,A to move the accumulator to register R0.
4. Direct mode specifies data using an 8-bit address in memory from 30h to 7Fh like MOV a,70h to copy memory at 70h to register a.
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arithmetic ins in 8051
- 4. Subtract Example : SUBB A, #0x4F ;A A – 4F – C Notice that There is no subtraction WITHOUT borrow. Therefore, if a subtraction without borrow is desired, it is necessary to clear the C flag. Example : Clr c SUBB A, #0x4F ;A A – 4F SUBB A, byte subtract with borrow
- 7. Multiply When multiplying two 8-bit numbers, the size of the maximum product is 16-bits FF x FF = FE01 (255 x 255 = 65025) MUL AB ; BA A * B Note : B gets the High byte A gets the Low byte
- 9. Decimal Adjust DA a ; decimal adjust a Used to facilitate BCD addition. Adds “6” to either high or low nibble after an addition to create a valid BCD number. Example : mov a, #23h mov b, #29h add a, b; a 23h + 29h = 4Ch(wanted 52) DA a ; a a + 6 = 52