This document provides information on architectural working drawings. It discusses two main categories of architectural drawings: presentation drawings and working drawings. Presentation drawings are used to communicate the design to clients and for approval, while working drawings provide technical details needed for construction. The document outlines the typical elements and required information for various working drawings like floor plans, elevations, sections, and roof plans. It emphasizes that working drawings should be clearly drawn to scale with all necessary dimensions and details to instruct contractors.
This document discusses the types and purposes of architectural drawings. It begins by defining drawings and their uses. It then describes the different types of architectural drawings, including concept sketches, survey drawings, presentation drawings, municipal drawings, working drawings, and record drawings. For each type of drawing, it provides a brief explanation of its purpose. It also discusses the components and standards of architectural drawings, such as site plans, floor plans, elevations, and sections. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of the key types of drawings used in architectural design and construction projects.
Introduction to working drawings course for architects and interior designers.
it contains 3 main parts:
1-general introduction to the course and its objectives and importance,
2-guide lines for plan drawings for beginners,
3-introduction to NCS.
Architectural drawings are technical drawings used by architects to develop and communicate building design ideas. They include various standard views like floor plans, sections, elevations, and site plans. Floor plans show the arrangement of a building level and include furniture and fixtures. Site plans show the building footprint and surrounding context. Elevations display the front or sides of a building. Sections cut through a building to reveal interior details. Architectural drawings are scaled and use conventions for accurate representation and understanding of designs.
This document contains information about architectural plans, including the various sheets that make up a full set of plans. It discusses the purpose and content of common plan sheets like the title sheet, site plan, floor plans, framing plans, elevations, and details. It explains how experienced builders and carpenters can use these 2D plans to visualize the 3D structure and how orthographic projection and scales allow plans to accurately convey dimensional information.
Architectural Working Drawings - الرسومات التنفيذية المعماريةGalala University
This document provides an overview of working construction documents, including drawings and specifications. It discusses the components and purpose of construction drawings, including plans, elevations, sections, and details. It explains that drawings show the extent, configuration, location, relationships and dimensions of a construction project in graphic and quantitative form. The document also covers drawing standards, such as scale, layout, title blocks and numbering systems. It provides examples of site plans, floor plans, sections, elevations, wall sections and stair details. Finally, it discusses the drawing development process and organizing drawings into consistent formats and sheet sequences.
This document discusses the types and purposes of architectural drawings. It begins by defining drawings and their uses. It then describes the different types of architectural drawings, including concept sketches, survey drawings, presentation drawings, municipal drawings, working drawings, and record drawings. For each type of drawing, it provides a brief explanation of its purpose. It also discusses the components typically included in working drawings and architectural drawings more broadly. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of the key types of drawings used in architectural design and construction.
The document outlines the interior design process, beginning with programming to define the client's needs, creating a schedule and budget, and developing the design. Programming involves gathering information through questionnaires, interviews, or inventories. It is important for good communication and managing expectations. The schedule addresses project milestones and assigns responsibilities, while the budget separates hard costs like construction from soft costs such as fees. Design development then transforms the client's needs into a practical and aesthetic solution. A mood board with physical samples of materials like fabrics, carpet, tiles, and paint is created to inspire the design.
The document provides a checklist for an upcoming trip. It includes items to pack like clothes, toiletries, electronics, important documents, and other miscellaneous items. The checklist is intended to help ensure all essential items are remembered and packed before traveling.
This document discusses the types and purposes of architectural drawings. It begins by defining drawings and their uses. It then describes the different types of architectural drawings, including concept sketches, survey drawings, presentation drawings, municipal drawings, working drawings, and record drawings. For each type of drawing, it provides a brief explanation of its purpose. It also discusses the components and standards of architectural drawings, such as site plans, floor plans, elevations, and sections. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of the key types of drawings used in architectural design and construction projects.
Introduction to working drawings course for architects and interior designers.
it contains 3 main parts:
1-general introduction to the course and its objectives and importance,
2-guide lines for plan drawings for beginners,
3-introduction to NCS.
Architectural drawings are technical drawings used by architects to develop and communicate building design ideas. They include various standard views like floor plans, sections, elevations, and site plans. Floor plans show the arrangement of a building level and include furniture and fixtures. Site plans show the building footprint and surrounding context. Elevations display the front or sides of a building. Sections cut through a building to reveal interior details. Architectural drawings are scaled and use conventions for accurate representation and understanding of designs.
This document contains information about architectural plans, including the various sheets that make up a full set of plans. It discusses the purpose and content of common plan sheets like the title sheet, site plan, floor plans, framing plans, elevations, and details. It explains how experienced builders and carpenters can use these 2D plans to visualize the 3D structure and how orthographic projection and scales allow plans to accurately convey dimensional information.
Architectural Working Drawings - الرسومات التنفيذية المعماريةGalala University
This document provides an overview of working construction documents, including drawings and specifications. It discusses the components and purpose of construction drawings, including plans, elevations, sections, and details. It explains that drawings show the extent, configuration, location, relationships and dimensions of a construction project in graphic and quantitative form. The document also covers drawing standards, such as scale, layout, title blocks and numbering systems. It provides examples of site plans, floor plans, sections, elevations, wall sections and stair details. Finally, it discusses the drawing development process and organizing drawings into consistent formats and sheet sequences.
This document discusses the types and purposes of architectural drawings. It begins by defining drawings and their uses. It then describes the different types of architectural drawings, including concept sketches, survey drawings, presentation drawings, municipal drawings, working drawings, and record drawings. For each type of drawing, it provides a brief explanation of its purpose. It also discusses the components typically included in working drawings and architectural drawings more broadly. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of the key types of drawings used in architectural design and construction.
The document outlines the interior design process, beginning with programming to define the client's needs, creating a schedule and budget, and developing the design. Programming involves gathering information through questionnaires, interviews, or inventories. It is important for good communication and managing expectations. The schedule addresses project milestones and assigns responsibilities, while the budget separates hard costs like construction from soft costs such as fees. Design development then transforms the client's needs into a practical and aesthetic solution. A mood board with physical samples of materials like fabrics, carpet, tiles, and paint is created to inspire the design.
The document provides a checklist for an upcoming trip. It includes items to pack like clothes, toiletries, electronics, important documents, and other miscellaneous items. The checklist is intended to help ensure all essential items are remembered and packed before traveling.
This document provides an introduction to the Graphisoft ArchiCAD Step by Step Tutorial. It discusses the concept of a virtual building as modeled in ArchiCAD, compared to traditional 2D CAD drafting. It also profiles how different architecture firms utilize ArchiCAD's virtual building tools in their design and documentation workflows. The introduction concludes by explaining how the step-by-step book and interactive content on the accompanying CD-ROM are intended to be used together to guide users through exercises to learn ArchiCAD.
This document provides an overview of the process of creating landscape architecture drawings. It discusses the 5 main stages: 1) appraising and defining the project scope, 2) analyzing the site, 3) creating preliminary sketch plans, 4) developing sketch plans and drawings, and 5) work documentation and inviting tenders. For each stage, it outlines the key tasks such as gathering data, analyzing the site, developing concepts, and creating plans, sections, perspectives, and models. Examples of landscape drawings and local landscape projects are also included.
William Morris (1834-1896) was an influential English artist, designer, craftsman and socialist. He helped establish the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain which focused on handcraftsmanship and traditional design applied to everyday objects. Morris founded a company in 1861 called Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. which produced furniture, textiles and other decorative arts. In 1875 he established Morris & Co. which became highly influential. Morris also founded the Kelmscott Press in 1891 to produce beautifully crafted books which helped preserve traditional printing arts. Throughout his life he advocated for socialist policies and workers' rights through his writings, lectures and political activism.
There are several types of construction drawings that provide different information about a building project. Architectural drawings give a complete view of the building and placement of parts. Structural drawings explain the building's strength, materials, and reinforcement details. Plumbing and sanitary drawings show water and fixture locations and connections. Electrical drawings describe wiring, fixtures, and load calculations. As-built drawings reflect changes made during construction to record differences from the original design.
Aluminum composite panels are being used as cladding on a commercial complex under construction in Jaipur, India called Lotus Paradise Mall. Aluminum composite panels consist of two thin aluminum sheets bonded to a non-aluminum core, forming a lightweight, rigid sandwich. They provide benefits such as durability, low maintenance, various colors and textures, insulation, and ease of installation. The document provides details on the composition, manufacturing, properties, applications, and processing of aluminum composite panels. It also gives location information and orientation of the Lotus Paradise Mall where the panels are being used as cladding.
This is a student project presentation on the quote "Form and function are one" by Frank Lloyd Wright, for an architectural project on Product and furniture design (Industrial design) elective. The project showcases the meaning of the quote, it's relation to 'Organic Architecture' through FLW's vision for the concept. It consists of examples of various buildings for the viewer to understand and interpret the concept, followed by basic details on projects for various furniture and product designs, future styles, relating to the quote.
The PowerPoint file contains basic description about each project covered by mostly pictorial slides.
The document discusses different types of architectural concepts that can drive the design process. It defines an architectural concept as the idea or thought that forms the foundation of a design project. The document then describes five expressions of architectural concepts: 1) architectural ideas that focus on spatial composition and structure, 2) themes that carry through a design, 3) super organizing ideas like geometric configurations, 4) parti and esquisse diagrams developed in Beaux-Arts schools, and 5) literal translations of original diagrams into finished buildings. Finally, it outlines five types of concepts: analogies, metaphors, essences, problem solving, and ideals.
The document provides an overview of different styles of interior design including modern, contemporary, minimalist, industrial, mid-century modern, Scandinavian, traditional, transitional, French country, and bohemian. For each style, the summary discusses characteristic design elements, color palettes, furniture, and materials commonly used in that style. The document also covers the history of interior design from ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt to modern applications of different styles.
The document discusses various architectural concepts including analogies, metaphors, essences, and programmatic concepts. It provides examples of each concept type, such as Face House in Kyoto using an analogy of a face, and the Sydney Opera House using metaphors of a sailing ship, hat, or pencil sketch. Essences focus on distilling information down to the major aspects or "heart of the matter". Programmatic concepts look at stated requirements.
Portal frames are single storey steel structures that provide large open floor plans. They consist of vertical columns connected by horizontal beams and rafters to form the frame, without interior columns. This allows for unobstructed floor spaces useful for industrial, warehouse and commercial buildings. Portal frames can be made of steel, concrete or timber, with steel being most common due to its strength, light weight and ease of construction.
The document provides an introduction to landscape architecture. It defines key terms like landscape and landscape architecture. Landscape architecture involves the design of outdoor public spaces to achieve environmental, social, and aesthetic goals. A landscape architect coordinates existing and proposed land features and structures and works with clients and other professionals. The stages of landscape design include developing a brief, concept, analysis, synthesis, detail development, and construction. Landscape plans include site analysis, bubble plans, plot plans, concept images, renderings, planting plans, and functions of plants.
This document provides a summary of the life, works, and philosophies of Swiss architect Le Corbusier. It outlines his key buildings such as the Villa Savoye and Unite d'Habitation which demonstrated his "Five Points of Architecture". It also discusses his works in India including the Capitol complex in Chandigarh, particularly the Legislative Assembly building. The document was compiled by FD Architects Forum in Jaipur, India and contains images and descriptions of Le Corbusier's major works to illustrate his contributions to modern architecture through his innovative designs and principles.
The document discusses wooden partitions and paneling. It describes partitions as interior walls that divide space and lists common types like timber stud, metal stud, and drywall partitions. Partitions are classified based on materials and can be load-bearing or non-load-bearing. Paneling is defined as rigid wall coverings made of interlocking wood or other materials. Details are provided on stud partitions, trussed partitions, and joinery details for staggered timber partitions. Various paneling materials are also listed along with assignments to detail joinery and draft partition and paneling drawings.
The document summarizes furniture styles and timelines from ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. In ancient Egypt, chairs were only for royalty and were richly decorated. Stools were more common and earliest forms of furniture. In ancient Greece, stools like the diphroi and okladias were portable. Chairs became more comfortable like the klismos chair. In ancient Rome, stools like the sella were most prevalent furniture, while the sella curulis was a symbolic folding stool for officials. Furniture became more decorated and featured motifs from nature.
The document defines and provides brief descriptions of various architectural terms. It includes definitions for common structures like acropolis, agora, adobe, aisle, arcade, and attic. It also defines architectural elements like arch, architrave, awning, balcony, balustrade, baptistery, basement, bay, bay-window, buttress, cantilever, chattris, clearstorey/clerestory, coffer, colonnade, cornice, and courtyard. The document serves as a reference for basic architectural terminology.
Suspended ceilings provide information and advantages. They are ceilings that are suspended from the structure above, generally by wires. Common materials used are drywall, plaster, or fibrous acoustic tiles. Suspended ceilings offer low costs, fast installation, sound control, flexibility, adaptability for lighting and mechanical systems, and easy accessibility to the plenum space above. The main components are the ceiling material, support wires, and a support system like a metal framing or grid.
This document defines and describes various architectural terms:
- Jambs are the sides of doors and windows. A loft is an upper storey under the roof used for storage. A mezzanine is an intermediate floor between main floors.
- A module is a measure of proportion adopted for a building. Moulding is a strip used to cover transitions or for decoration. A necropolis is a large cemetery.
- Open space is an area inside a plot left open for light and ventilation. Orders refer to column styles. A piazza is an open space surrounded by buildings.
Drafting techniques in Building Materials and ConstructionGeeva Chandana
The document discusses guidelines for line weights in architectural drafting. It recommends using light lines like HB or 2H pencil for construction lines. Bold lines like B or 2B pencil should be used for primary objects like walls. Medium lines like H pencil are for secondary objects inside bold lines. Light lines like H or 2H are used for action lines, information lines, and fill patterns. The document also covers line types and common architectural symbols used for materials, doors, windows, and scales for drawings.
Mood boards are collages used by designers to convey design concepts and themes to clients. They can include photos, sketches, colors, fabrics, and other materials. Mood boards help designers explore aesthetics like photography style, color palettes, patterns and overall look. They allow designers to present broad concepts to clients and get feedback before fully developing a design in the wrong direction.
The document discusses various types of drawings used in architectural planning and building construction projects, including:
- Location plans, site plans, and floor plans which show the layout and dimensions of the building and property.
- Elevations which show the exterior surfaces of the building.
- Section drawings which show internal and external construction by cutting through walls and floors.
- Engineering, architectural, technical, shop, and "as-built" drawings which provide specifications for construction elements, fabrication, and recording changes made during construction.
Standard symbols and conventions are used in floor plans, elevations, and sections to clearly convey construction elements and fixtures. Architectural drawings are essential for planning approval and effective coordination between builders and trades.
This document provides an introduction to the Graphisoft ArchiCAD Step by Step Tutorial. It discusses the concept of a virtual building as modeled in ArchiCAD, compared to traditional 2D CAD drafting. It also profiles how different architecture firms utilize ArchiCAD's virtual building tools in their design and documentation workflows. The introduction concludes by explaining how the step-by-step book and interactive content on the accompanying CD-ROM are intended to be used together to guide users through exercises to learn ArchiCAD.
This document provides an overview of the process of creating landscape architecture drawings. It discusses the 5 main stages: 1) appraising and defining the project scope, 2) analyzing the site, 3) creating preliminary sketch plans, 4) developing sketch plans and drawings, and 5) work documentation and inviting tenders. For each stage, it outlines the key tasks such as gathering data, analyzing the site, developing concepts, and creating plans, sections, perspectives, and models. Examples of landscape drawings and local landscape projects are also included.
William Morris (1834-1896) was an influential English artist, designer, craftsman and socialist. He helped establish the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain which focused on handcraftsmanship and traditional design applied to everyday objects. Morris founded a company in 1861 called Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. which produced furniture, textiles and other decorative arts. In 1875 he established Morris & Co. which became highly influential. Morris also founded the Kelmscott Press in 1891 to produce beautifully crafted books which helped preserve traditional printing arts. Throughout his life he advocated for socialist policies and workers' rights through his writings, lectures and political activism.
There are several types of construction drawings that provide different information about a building project. Architectural drawings give a complete view of the building and placement of parts. Structural drawings explain the building's strength, materials, and reinforcement details. Plumbing and sanitary drawings show water and fixture locations and connections. Electrical drawings describe wiring, fixtures, and load calculations. As-built drawings reflect changes made during construction to record differences from the original design.
Aluminum composite panels are being used as cladding on a commercial complex under construction in Jaipur, India called Lotus Paradise Mall. Aluminum composite panels consist of two thin aluminum sheets bonded to a non-aluminum core, forming a lightweight, rigid sandwich. They provide benefits such as durability, low maintenance, various colors and textures, insulation, and ease of installation. The document provides details on the composition, manufacturing, properties, applications, and processing of aluminum composite panels. It also gives location information and orientation of the Lotus Paradise Mall where the panels are being used as cladding.
This is a student project presentation on the quote "Form and function are one" by Frank Lloyd Wright, for an architectural project on Product and furniture design (Industrial design) elective. The project showcases the meaning of the quote, it's relation to 'Organic Architecture' through FLW's vision for the concept. It consists of examples of various buildings for the viewer to understand and interpret the concept, followed by basic details on projects for various furniture and product designs, future styles, relating to the quote.
The PowerPoint file contains basic description about each project covered by mostly pictorial slides.
The document discusses different types of architectural concepts that can drive the design process. It defines an architectural concept as the idea or thought that forms the foundation of a design project. The document then describes five expressions of architectural concepts: 1) architectural ideas that focus on spatial composition and structure, 2) themes that carry through a design, 3) super organizing ideas like geometric configurations, 4) parti and esquisse diagrams developed in Beaux-Arts schools, and 5) literal translations of original diagrams into finished buildings. Finally, it outlines five types of concepts: analogies, metaphors, essences, problem solving, and ideals.
The document provides an overview of different styles of interior design including modern, contemporary, minimalist, industrial, mid-century modern, Scandinavian, traditional, transitional, French country, and bohemian. For each style, the summary discusses characteristic design elements, color palettes, furniture, and materials commonly used in that style. The document also covers the history of interior design from ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt to modern applications of different styles.
The document discusses various architectural concepts including analogies, metaphors, essences, and programmatic concepts. It provides examples of each concept type, such as Face House in Kyoto using an analogy of a face, and the Sydney Opera House using metaphors of a sailing ship, hat, or pencil sketch. Essences focus on distilling information down to the major aspects or "heart of the matter". Programmatic concepts look at stated requirements.
Portal frames are single storey steel structures that provide large open floor plans. They consist of vertical columns connected by horizontal beams and rafters to form the frame, without interior columns. This allows for unobstructed floor spaces useful for industrial, warehouse and commercial buildings. Portal frames can be made of steel, concrete or timber, with steel being most common due to its strength, light weight and ease of construction.
The document provides an introduction to landscape architecture. It defines key terms like landscape and landscape architecture. Landscape architecture involves the design of outdoor public spaces to achieve environmental, social, and aesthetic goals. A landscape architect coordinates existing and proposed land features and structures and works with clients and other professionals. The stages of landscape design include developing a brief, concept, analysis, synthesis, detail development, and construction. Landscape plans include site analysis, bubble plans, plot plans, concept images, renderings, planting plans, and functions of plants.
This document provides a summary of the life, works, and philosophies of Swiss architect Le Corbusier. It outlines his key buildings such as the Villa Savoye and Unite d'Habitation which demonstrated his "Five Points of Architecture". It also discusses his works in India including the Capitol complex in Chandigarh, particularly the Legislative Assembly building. The document was compiled by FD Architects Forum in Jaipur, India and contains images and descriptions of Le Corbusier's major works to illustrate his contributions to modern architecture through his innovative designs and principles.
The document discusses wooden partitions and paneling. It describes partitions as interior walls that divide space and lists common types like timber stud, metal stud, and drywall partitions. Partitions are classified based on materials and can be load-bearing or non-load-bearing. Paneling is defined as rigid wall coverings made of interlocking wood or other materials. Details are provided on stud partitions, trussed partitions, and joinery details for staggered timber partitions. Various paneling materials are also listed along with assignments to detail joinery and draft partition and paneling drawings.
The document summarizes furniture styles and timelines from ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. In ancient Egypt, chairs were only for royalty and were richly decorated. Stools were more common and earliest forms of furniture. In ancient Greece, stools like the diphroi and okladias were portable. Chairs became more comfortable like the klismos chair. In ancient Rome, stools like the sella were most prevalent furniture, while the sella curulis was a symbolic folding stool for officials. Furniture became more decorated and featured motifs from nature.
The document defines and provides brief descriptions of various architectural terms. It includes definitions for common structures like acropolis, agora, adobe, aisle, arcade, and attic. It also defines architectural elements like arch, architrave, awning, balcony, balustrade, baptistery, basement, bay, bay-window, buttress, cantilever, chattris, clearstorey/clerestory, coffer, colonnade, cornice, and courtyard. The document serves as a reference for basic architectural terminology.
Suspended ceilings provide information and advantages. They are ceilings that are suspended from the structure above, generally by wires. Common materials used are drywall, plaster, or fibrous acoustic tiles. Suspended ceilings offer low costs, fast installation, sound control, flexibility, adaptability for lighting and mechanical systems, and easy accessibility to the plenum space above. The main components are the ceiling material, support wires, and a support system like a metal framing or grid.
This document defines and describes various architectural terms:
- Jambs are the sides of doors and windows. A loft is an upper storey under the roof used for storage. A mezzanine is an intermediate floor between main floors.
- A module is a measure of proportion adopted for a building. Moulding is a strip used to cover transitions or for decoration. A necropolis is a large cemetery.
- Open space is an area inside a plot left open for light and ventilation. Orders refer to column styles. A piazza is an open space surrounded by buildings.
Drafting techniques in Building Materials and ConstructionGeeva Chandana
The document discusses guidelines for line weights in architectural drafting. It recommends using light lines like HB or 2H pencil for construction lines. Bold lines like B or 2B pencil should be used for primary objects like walls. Medium lines like H pencil are for secondary objects inside bold lines. Light lines like H or 2H are used for action lines, information lines, and fill patterns. The document also covers line types and common architectural symbols used for materials, doors, windows, and scales for drawings.
Mood boards are collages used by designers to convey design concepts and themes to clients. They can include photos, sketches, colors, fabrics, and other materials. Mood boards help designers explore aesthetics like photography style, color palettes, patterns and overall look. They allow designers to present broad concepts to clients and get feedback before fully developing a design in the wrong direction.
The document discusses various types of drawings used in architectural planning and building construction projects, including:
- Location plans, site plans, and floor plans which show the layout and dimensions of the building and property.
- Elevations which show the exterior surfaces of the building.
- Section drawings which show internal and external construction by cutting through walls and floors.
- Engineering, architectural, technical, shop, and "as-built" drawings which provide specifications for construction elements, fabrication, and recording changes made during construction.
Standard symbols and conventions are used in floor plans, elevations, and sections to clearly convey construction elements and fixtures. Architectural drawings are essential for planning approval and effective coordination between builders and trades.
The industrial training presentation outlines the objectives and process of a construction project. The objectives are to gain experience, generic skills, networks, and self-awareness. The construction process involves soil testing, excavation, laying foundations, erecting columns, beams and slabs over 31 steps. Office work includes producing drawings like site plans, elevations, and structural, plumbing and electrical layouts to guide construction. The presenter concluded they gained construction knowledge and confidence through the training experience.
The document discusses various types of construction drawings used in building projects including:
- Block plans which show the site layout and surrounding roads at a scale of 1:2500-1:1250.
- Site plans at a scale of 1:200 which show the building footprint and services.
- Component and assembly drawings at scales of 1:100-1:5 which show building elements and how they connect.
- Floor plans showing room layouts, doors, windows and stairs.
- Specifications, schedules and work programs which provide additional details not shown on drawings like materials and construction timelines.
- Title panels provide key information about each drawing like the date, scale and revision details.
This document discusses the key differences between model drawings and building drawings used in civil engineering. Building drawings must be done at a larger scale since objects are much bigger in real life. The scale used determines the reduction factor to relate actual sizes to drawing sizes. Common views shown in building drawings are plans, elevations, and sections. Plans show the layout and dimensions of elements from a top view. Elevations show the external appearance without dimensions. Sections provide cut views with full dimensions and details. Dimensioning and views are important for structural design. Examples of features shown include walls, windows, doors, floors, and roofs. Architectural design considerations include plot size, bye laws, covered area, and available funds.
This document provides an overview of a hospitality facilities design and planning class. It discusses understanding architect project proposals and reading construction drawings. It outlines the typical sections and information contained in construction drawings, including site plans, architectural sheets, structural plans, plumbing plans, mechanical drawings, and electrical plans. It then discusses the hotel project that student teams are working on, providing updates from different teams. It concludes by discussing an upcoming class on safety and security systems for hotels and an upcoming site visit.
Architectural drawings are used to illustrate building designs and provide instructions for construction. They include floor plans, elevations, sections, and details. Floor plans show the arrangement of rooms from above while elevations display the external appearance of each facade. Sections cut through the building to reveal interior construction. Details focus on specific elements at a larger scale. Architectural drawings are produced to scale using drafting tools or computer-aided design software. They allow architects to communicate designs to clients and facilitate building.
Carpentry 7. Interpreting Technical Drawings and Plans.pptxEDMARKPONCE2
This document provides information about interpreting technical drawings and plans in carpentry. It discusses the importance of being able to interpret technical drawings and plans to avoid wasted time and resources in construction. It provides examples of interpreting building plans, including a site plan, elevation drawings, and details. It discusses interpreting data like dimensions, materials, and orientations. The document emphasizes that understanding technical drawings allows effective communication between designers and builders.
The document discusses elevations, which are exterior views of a building from the side. An elevation is an orthographic projection of one facade onto a vertical plane parallel to that side. The front view is always called the front elevation, while other sides are called the right, rear, or left elevation depending on their position relative to the front. An elevation shows the design, dimensions, materials, and specifications of a house. When drafting elevations, the draftsman must consider window and door sizes conforming to standards, represent materials, label views, and only include vertical dimensions.
1. The document discusses section drawings and how they are used in working drawings to convey construction details and interior spaces of buildings.
2. Key details shown in section drawings for working drawings include building materials, dimensions, structural systems, finishes, and mechanical/electrical elements.
3. Different types of sections are described like structural sections and wall sections, along with considerations for locating the section plane.
This document provides information on designing building elevations, including:
- Elevation drawings show the vertical surfaces and exterior of a structure. Designing elevations involves applying elements of design like lines, form, and materials.
- Common roof styles that influence elevation design are gable, hip, flat, and shed roofs. Features like dormers, chimneys, and overhang size must also be considered.
- Elements like balance, emphasis, light/shadow, and texture impact the appearance of an elevation. Compatible materials and consistent lines are important.
- The process of elevation design involves choosing a style, sketching outlines, and experimenting with different designs through progressive sketches.
Architectural working drawings are technical drawings that provide all necessary information to construct a building project using graphical representations. They include plans, sections, elevations, schedules and specifications. The drawings are prepared according to conventions using appropriate scales, symbols and dimensions. They serve to communicate design details to construction teams, guide contractors, and obtain necessary approvals from authorities. Key components of working drawings include title blocks, site plans, floor plans, sections, elevations, structural details and specifications of finishes.
This document provides information and guidelines for architectural drawings including floor plans, elevations, sections, and other drawing types. It discusses appropriate line weights, symbols, annotations, and other drafting conventions. Checklists are provided for key information to include in floor plans, elevations, sections and other drawings. Common architectural elements like stairs, flooring, and attic rooms are also briefly covered.
DRAWINGS & SYMBOL FOR THE ENGINEERING PROJECT TYPICALLY APPLIED IN ANY OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING PROJECT. THE USED OF DRAWING IN THE WHOLE LIFECYCLE OF THE PROJECT
This document provides details for a textbook on civil engineering drawing for an intermediate vocational course in water supply and sanitary engineering. It includes an introduction to the importance of drawings for construction projects. It then covers various topics needed for civil engineering drawings like conventional signs and symbols, doors, windows, footings, building plans, sections, and elevations. It lists 20 practical exercises students will complete, such as drawings for material symbols, fixtures, doors, windows, footings, walls, and buildings. It aims to teach students the skills needed to prepare detailed drawings for construction projects.
Here are the steps to develop the plan, section and front elevation of the one room building to a scale of 1:50 as per the given line diagram and specifications:
1. Draw the line diagram of the one room building on a drawing sheet. Mark the internal dimensions of the room.
2. For the plan:
- Draw the outer lines of walls with a thickness of 400mm as per the line diagram and dimensions.
- Draw the position of the door and window openings within the walls.
- Mark all internal and external dimensions.
3. For the section:
- Draw the foundation details as per the given specifications, showing the C.C bed, brick masonary footing and offsets.
This document provides information about a module on drafting architectural layout and details. It includes an introduction to the module's objectives, which are to plan and prepare work, draft various architectural plans such as site plans, floor plans, and roof plans, and perform presentation drawings. It also contains a pre-assessment test to evaluate students' existing knowledge of technical drafting concepts and tools. Key terms related to preparing architectural job requirements are defined.
Interior architecture drawings are used to communicate design intent and provide technical instructions for construction. There are several types of drawings used in the design and construction process. Conceptual drawings like perspectives are used early on to convey the design concept to clients. General arrangement drawings show the layout of furniture and fittings. Detail drawings include plans, sections and elevations used for design, cost estimation, and construction, providing dimensions and materials. These drawings are used by various parties like consultants, contractors, and quantity surveyors throughout the design and building process.
Interior architecture drawings are used to communicate design intent and provide technical instructions for construction. There are several types of drawings used in the design and construction process. Conceptual drawings like perspectives are used early on to convey the design concept to clients. General arrangement drawings show the layout of furniture and fittings. Detail drawings include plans, sections and elevations used for design, cost estimation, and construction, providing dimensions and materials. These drawings are used by various parties like consultants, contractors, and quantity surveyors throughout the design and building process.
This document discusses drawing to scale and the use of scales in construction drawings. It explains that drawings represent buildings at a reduced scale, such as representing a 1m wall with a 100mm line at a 1:10 scale. Common scales for plans and elevations are listed as 1:200, 1:100, and 1:50. Hatching is used to indicate building materials. The document outlines the information that should be included in working drawings, such as dimensions, openings, and construction details in plans, elevations, sections, and other drawings. Component, assembly, and detail drawings at various scales are described.
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2. ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING
Basically Architectural drawings categorized into two broad divisions.
1. PRESENTATION DRAWING
Communicate the form of the building in terms of shape, color and texture.
Such drawing presented to: -
a. Planning regulation offices for design approval.
b. The client
-To help him in understanding of the program.
- To show to him the relationship of spaces and the general concept of the design.
- To illustrate to him the general appearance of the building. (The accommodation
provided. The effect of the overall scheme on the environmental)
- To get approval from him
c. The public
-Produced for use in periodicals, magazines and other publications.
d. Jury members in the evaluation of design competition award.
PRESENTATION DRAWINGS ARE ALSO CLASSIFIED IN TO TWO:
I. Schematic presentation drawing and
II. Design presentation drawing
SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS: -
- Concerned with the preliminary investigation process for a design. Provides, information about:
the site, immediate surrounding (adjoining structures, roads, services etc…)
- Development the entire site, like circulation pattern.
- Rough idea of the functional
DESIGNE DRAWING
- Those concerned with the presentation of design solutions.
- Provide information about:
. Basic room arrangement
. Exterior features
. Immediate surrounding etc …
2. WORKING DRAWING
-Such drawings more need to convey information about appearance because they presented for less
technically minded people. So the presentation should be easily understood and preferably three
dimensional representation (like-perspective), etc
Function provided by working drawing
1. Communicate technical information though out the building team
3. ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
2. To show how to design is to materialize
3. Convey information’s for people concerned in erecting the building
4. Give information’s to specification writer
5. for instructing the contractors and other members of building team
6. Means of obtaining official approval.
7. Helps in the analysis of cost factor.
8. Establish use of materials.
9. Provides detail for tendering.
10. Indicate contractual committeemen
11. Indicate degree of supervision.
12. Demonstrate construction details.
13. Assist in the measurement of progress.
14. Forms parts of documentation in site meetings.
15. Establish type and amount of labor requirement.
16. Basic for ordering materials and components.
Generally presentation drawings presented to client, while working drawings to present to contractors.
CONTENTS OF WORKING DRAWING
The finished drawings made by the architect or Drafter, which used by the contractor that working
drawings includes the following sheets.
1. Title page and index
2. Floor plan
3. Elevations
4. Sections
5. Roof plan
6. Site plan
7. Typical details
8. Reflected ceiling plan
9. Schedules
10. Electrical requirement
11. Plumbing (sanitarian plan)
12. Structural etc.
As working drawing is actually the end result of the entire drafting and design effort let us have basic
information’s which shall be included on the above listed drawings.
Working drawing drawings should be:
- Clearly representative
- Easily under stood
- Comprehensive
- Free from necessary notes (repetitive details )
- Accurately drawn (proper also in line work)
- Drawn with appropriate symbols and proper convention
- Dimensional well
- Drawn by referring building code
- Proper in graphical representation
- Proper titled (information panel)
- Logically and rarely arranged to give a balanced layout on the short paper
- Drawn in appropriate scale
4. ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
1. FLOOR PLAN
The floor plan is the heart of architectural drawings and is usually drawn first in professional plans. It is the
plan to which all trades people refer. It is a top view horizontal section cut through the house about 1.00 –
1.50cm above the floor. The purpose of the floor plan is to show the location and dimensions of exterior
and interior walls, windows, doors, major appliances, cabinets, fireplaces, and other fixed features in the
house.
Upon completion of the preliminary sketches and proposal, a 1:50 – 1:100 scale floor plan is drawn which
is considerably more detailed than previous floor plans. Windows and doors are coded. All exterior walls,
interior walls, windows, and doors are dimensioned. To conserve time and paper, the electrical plan is
sometimes included on the floor plan. On more complex plans, the electrical plan, the heating/cooling
plan, and the plumbing plan are drawn separately.
You will have one drawing for the floor plan, and one for the electrical.
A. Certain information is required on the floor plan:
Exterior and interior walls
Size and location of windows and doors
Permanent fixtures, stairs, and fireplaces
Sidewalks, patios and decks
Room names and material symbols
Location and size dimensions
Scale of the drawing
B. When applicable, related structures such as freestanding garages or swimming pools
are shown on the floor plan
C. Walls should be drawn accurately. Exterior walls can be either 15cm or 20cm thick,
and interior walls should be 15cm thick. If you are using a brick veneer on the exterior
of the house, add 1” air space and an additional 3‐3/4” for the brick.
D. Fireplaces or stairs require only basic size and location information on the floor plan.
(Special details will be included in the plans for these features.).
E. Floor plans should include several dimensions. Each wall is dimensioned from its
center architectural dimensions should be in chain fashion or continuous and tics should be
used
5.
6. 2. FOUNDATION PLAN
After finishing the floor plan, the same scale foundation plan is drawn. All students will draw a basement
foundation. The weight of a house is supported by footings extended into the ground. These footings are
concrete with steel reinforcing to reduce cracking. The footings must extend below the frost line. All this
information should be given in the foundation plan
A. The foundation plan is a plan view in sections, which shows the location and size of footings,
piers, columns, foundation walls, and supporting beams. It is usually drawn after the floor plan
and elevations have been roughed out.
B. A foundation plan contains: Footings (hidden lines) Foundation walls Piers and columns Dwarf
walls (low walls to retain excavation or an embankment) Partition walls, doors, and bath fixtures
(if the house has a basement) Openings in the foundation walls (doors, windows, and vents)
Beams and pilasters Direction, size, spacing of floor joists, drains, and sump (if required) Details of
the foundation and footing construction. Complete dimensions and notes scale of the drawing.
C. Foundation information should be presented using the proper symbology.
7. ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
3. ELEVATIONS
An elevation is an orthographic drawing of the sides of the structure. The term “elevation" usually refers to
an outside elevation
Various interior elevations are included in a set of plans (kitchen, bathroom, etc.), but these are referred to
as details. The purpose of an elevation is to show the finished appearance of the structure and vertical
height dimensions. Four Elevations are usually drawn, one for each of the sides of the house.
A. Required Information
Identification of the specific side of the house elevation
Grade line
Finish floor and ceiling levels (shown with phantom lines)
Windows and doors
Foundation (shown with hidden lines)
Vertical dimensions of important features
Porches, desks, patios, and material symbols
B. Elevation Identification
Each elevation must be identified. Two commonly used methods are (Front, Rear, Right
Side, and Left Side), or (North, South, East, and West). The first method is the preferred.
Right and left sides are determined by facing the front of the building. Identify each
elevation directly below the drawing to avoid confusion.
C. Grade Lines, Floor and Ceilings
1. The reference point for most elevations is the grade line. All features that are below the
grade line should be shown as hidden lines. Examples are foundation, footings and
window wells.
2. Floor to ceiling height should be shown. Two method are used:
a. Finished floor to finished ceiling distances. The typical distance from finished floor
to finished ceiling is 2.80m – 3.00m.
b. The construction dimension or distance is from the top of the sub‐floor to the top
of the wall plate. In this case the construction dimension for the first floor is 8'‐1
1/8".
Sometimes second floors are 7'‐7 1/8". Carpenters prefer this method because it
saves them doing the calculations.
c. The top of the foundation must be 8" above the grade to protect framing members
from moisture.
d. Garage floors may be slightly higher than grade but should be at least 4" lower
than an interior when the garage is attached to the house.
D. Walls, Windows, Doors
1. Exterior walls, windows, and doors must be shown on elevations.
2. It is customary to make top of windows the same height as top of doors.
3. Usual door height is 6'‐ 8" from the top of the sub‐floor to the lower face of the head jam.
4. Windows and doors should receive DETAILED presentation on elevations.
E. Roof Features
1. Roof style, pitch, chimney height, and chimney size are shown.
2. The roof pitch may be indicated using the fractional pitch or slope triangle.
3. Chimney height above the highest point should be dimensioned and is usually 2’‐0" above the
ridge.
4. Chimney flashings, roof covering material, and gable ventilation area shown.
F. Dimensions, Notes, and Symbols
1. Vertical height dimensions are shown including:
a. footing thickness
b. distance from footing to grade
8. ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
c. finished floor to finished ceiling
d. overhang width
e. height of top of windows and doors
f. height of chimney above roof
2. Appropriate notes should be included where needed:
a. grade information
b. exterior wall material notation
c. roof covering material notation
d. fascia and flashing material
3. Symbols should be appropriately shown
a. roof pitch symbol
b. exterior wall material symbols
c. window
d. swing symbols (if needed)
9.
10. 4. SECTIONS
Section drawing is an orthographic projection that has been cut apart to show interior features.
PURPOSE
1. Describe the construction materials of the structure.
2. Describe method of construction. (General assembly of different parts)
3. Show interior design elements
4. Clearly depict the structural conditions existing in the building.
Generally, sectional drawings describe constructions materials and methods especially those things
hidden by wall or ceiling sheathing and are often the easiest way to describe a complex detail to a
contractor.
TYPES OF SECTIONS
1. STRUCTURAL SECTION
A structural section shows the entire building construction and also shows the interior spaces in
elevation.
a. BUILDING LONGUTIDNAL SECTION
Section takes on the long axis of the building
b. BUILDING CROSS-SECTION
Section taken across its narrower dimension.
2. WALL SECTION
Shows the construction of a typical wall to a larger scale than the structural section
3. DETAIL SECTION
Section views cut through a small segment of a building and drawn with enlarged scale
This are some of part are drawn in detail drawing
A. Window and door section
B. Stair section
C. Chimney section
D. Structural detail section
Sectional drawings are drawn in a scale of 1:50 or 1:100 in common working drawing but detail
section drawing are drawn in a scale 1:20 or 1:25 package. Sections are basically drawn referenced on plans
and elevations.
PLACEMENT OF CUTTING PLANE
The cutting plane best to be passes through;
Stairs to show vertical movement
Window and door to show detail in opening
Important interior spaces to show the interior spaces well
Generally - depends on the need to convey the greatest amount of information and clarity for those
building structures.
11. ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
NUMBER OF SECTIONS TAKEN
The number required varies according to the structural complicity of the particular building.
Note: - Before drawing section drawing we should first gather basic information including
Type of foundation
Floor system
Exterior and interior wall construction
Beam and column sizes and their materials
Wall height
Floor elevation
Floor members (sizes/ spacing)
Floor sheathing material and size
Ceiling size members /spacing
Roof pitch
Roof sheathing material and size
Roof material
After having this information it is easy to draw sectional drawing by projecting from floor plan drawing
Check list for drawing section
1. Grid /modular section lines
2. Existing and new finished ground floor levels
3. Dimensions
A. External: -
i. Changes of direction, openings etc.
ii. over all of a building
B. Internal:-
i. Door and window openings, stair cases, ducts built in furniture, guard rails etc.
ii. room height /floor to floor
- Floor to ceiling
- Floor to top of a wall
- Floor to top of beam, column etc
Foundation in Section Drawing
- Description and dimensions including compositions, size and stepping details
- Foundation walls - material
- Thickness
- Back filling
-DPC
- Holes for drainage etc
- Fill and hard core materials, thickness and layering.
Floor in section Drawing
12. ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
- Thickness, composition, hard core, reinforced slab screed, floor finish
- Intermediate floor construction / type, material, dimensions, fixing, ceiling etc /
Wall in section Drawing
Exterior / interior wall-type, materials, dimensions, fixing finishes.
- Door and door frames, window and window frames
- Dimensions and description (referenced to schedule)
13. ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
5. ROOF PLAN
Roof plan: - The top view of a building.
Purpose: - explains the overall configuration of the roof and the elements that penetrate or rest on
the roofing membrane. a roof plan is usually one of the simplest drawings to make and is drawn at
the same scale at the floor plan.
Roof plan shows
1 All necessary building dimensions: over hangs, canopies and roof surfaces.
2 All dimensions to walls, column center lines or other permanent features.
3 Grid/modular planning lines
4 Levels of various point
5 Description of roof structure
6 Roof finishes (martial; size, thickness, gauge, pitch (slope))
7 Indicate drainage roof
a. Slopes to drains (directions of falls)
b. High and low points
c. Drains and leaders
8 Description and dimension of gutters & down pipes
9 Description and dimension
a. Parapet walls
b. Types of coping on walls and roofs
c. Roof eaves, ridges, up stands, valleys
10 Show all roof mounted mechanical equipment, smoke vent, access, panels and doors.
11 Show special paved areas, fences, railings, and chimneys.
12 Locate roof mounted such as, flagpoles, radio and TV antenna etc.
13 Building line (edge) in hidden while roof overhang in solid line
14 Partially show roof framing.
14. ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
6. SITE PLAN
Site plan is the top view of building which shows the location of the house on the site (property) together
with information on terraces, walks, driveways, contours, swimming pool, patio, and utilities.
Checklist site plan
Property lines-lengths each side, direction
Adjoining building, streets, sidewalk parking, curbs parkways.
Existing structures and proposed structure.
All utilities lines (sewer, electric, telephone).
Contours, existing, new: contour elevations.
Dimension
15. ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
- Property lines
- Side yards, pears, front yard
- Street center line
- Length of walks and walls
- Dimensions of building to property line
Fences, structural retaining walls, area ways and pools
North arrow
Drainage lines
All existing paving weather to remain or to remove, new paving, parking lots, steps, platforms,
signs, play fields, foundations, etc
Tree, shrubs, if exist
Legend showing all symbols and materials and materials used on the site.