Landscaping refers to modifying the visible features of an area of land through both living and non-living elements. Key elements of landscape design include plants, water features, and stones. Plants are used to frame buildings, define spaces, and provide environmental benefits. Water features such as fountains and ponds add aesthetic appeal and ecological value. Stones are utilized for structures like retaining walls, pathways, and decorative elements. Together, the thoughtful incorporation of these natural and manmade components can transform exterior spaces.

1. Elements of
landscape
design

2. What is landscaping?
 Landscaping refers to any
activity that modifies the
visible features of an area
of land, including:
1. Living elements flora or
fauna.
2. Natural elements such as
landforms, terrain shape
and elevation, or bodies of
water;
3. Human elements such as
structures, buildings,
fences or other material
objects created and/or
installed by humans; and
4. Abstract elements such as
the weather and lighting
conditions.

3. Elements of landscape
Natural
Manmade
Natural
Plants/vegetation
Water
Earth forms/landforms
Timber
Stone
Manmade
Brick
Metal
Plastic
Glass

4. Elements of landscape
 There are many varieties of plant materials such as:
• Trees
• Shrubs
• Creepers and climbers
Land covers .etc.
 USES:
Architectural
1. Enframement
2. Scale induction
3. Creation of plaza
4. Defines pathway
5. Welcoming look and
aesthetic appeal to the
building
Environmental
1. Microclimate modifiers
2. Conservation belt
3. Erosion control
4. Retains ground water
5. Retains soil fertility
6. Prevents siltation

5. Elements of landscape- Plants
 Plants create
outdoor rooms.
Trees, shrubs, and
ground covers can
be used to
emphasize the
desirable
architectural lines
and masses.
 Plants can be used
to soften and
balance harsh and
awkward
architectural
angles, masses
and materials.

6. Elements of landscape design- Plants
By graduating plant sizes away from the house, the
apparent size of the structure is increased.
Plants that reach large sizes at maturity are often
planted too closely to the house when small.
When mature, they dominate and make the
house look smaller
Tall evergreen create an uninviting, inhibiting
appearance to this entrance.
The human eye has a
tendency to follow the
outline of the objects in the
landscape.
With this idea in mind the
apparent size in affected.

7. Elements of landscape design- Plants
 Creating outdoor rooms
A small side yard developed into an
intimate strolling garden.
• The development of
outdoor rooms utilizes
the same elements as
indoor architecture-
floors, walls, and
ceilings.
• The difference is that
the elements of
outdoor rooms are
composed of plant
materials that have a
changing and
dynamic, living quality.

8. Elements of landscape design- Plants
Outwardly focused
space
Inwardly focused
space
Inwardly oriented
space is
characterized by
either complete
or nearly
complete
enclosure and a
strong central
focal point.
Central areas for
sitting, sculpture
displays, patios,
and hot tubs
require enclosure
for purpose of
privacy, quit, and
concentration.
Outwardly oriented
rooms are enhanced
by amenities outside
the space such as
good views and
breezes.
Activities taking
place within the
front yard are more
public in nature
and will require free
visual access on
and off the site and
little enclosure.
Planting beds and walks
act as a breezeway
between driveway and
entrance courtyard.
Various plant types,
heights, and
combinations create
walls, partial screens,
and overhead
canopies

9. Elements of landscape design- Plants
Environmental role
• Pollution control
• Noise control
• Climate control
embankments., deciduous and evergreen
plantings and masonry walls are used together for
effective sound control.
Use of windbreaks to control
winter winds
Use of deciduous plants to direct
summer breezes

10. Elements of landscape design- Plants

11. CASE STUDIES:

12. Elements of landscape- Plants
Shrubs
Creepers
Climbers
Covered pathways

13. GROUND COVERS TREES
Elements of landscape- Plants

14. Elements of landscape -Water
 Water is also another most important landscape element.
 Water bodies improve the quality and the worth of the site.it
makes the site attractive.
 There are many types of water bodies :
1. Fountains
2. Pools
3. Ponds
4. Spouts
5. Artificial waterfalls. etc.
Whether a small babbling brook
or a tumultuous cascade, water
features add sound, movement,
and enjoyment into the
landscape. They also provide
opportunities for incorporating
pond and wetland plants into
your landscape design. The
choice and placement of
boulders, stonework, and
plantings can link the water
feature with your building and
property, creating a unified
landscape composition

15. Elements of landscape -Water
Water flows inevitably, from the source to the receiving ocean
basin. This continuity of rivulets , streams and rivers can be readily
observed.
 USES:
1. Excellent land water interface gives an ecological home for the
animals and plants.
2. Water runoff reduced.
3. Microclimate created.
4. Moisture level maintained.
5. Wetland, marshes, swampy areas are conserved.
6. Maintaining vegetation into wetlands.
7. Hydrological cycle maintained.
8. Site aesthetics are enhanced

16. 1. Paving
2. Retaining wall
3. Stacked stone wall
4. Sitting
5. Shelters
6. Parapets
7. Bridges
8. Sculptures
9. Planters
10. Bollards
• Stones are hard, impermeable, inorganic elements used
extensively in landscape architecture.
• Stones are basically used for the following:
Elements of landscape -Stones

17.  Stone, one of the oldest paving materials, offers good,
durable, wearing surface with a minimum
maintenance required.
 Rubble and ashlars masonry are the two forms
of stone used for paving.
 Rubble masonry is rough stone, as it comes
from the quarry, but may be trimmed somewhat
where necessary.
 Ashlars masonry is hewed or cut stone from the
quarry and is used much more often than
Rubble for the surfacing of the walls
Elements of landscape -Stones

18.  Retaining Walls--There are many different types of
stones that can be used when it comes to creating
retaining walls in the lawn. One may elect to
assemble a retaining wall around a small pond, or
even a garden.
 Flagstone-- Flagstone is a very popular choice when
it comes to stones that are used for steps, or simple
ornamental design.
 Boulders --Homeowners elect to implement the use of
boulders in the decorative design of their landscaping.
Great products in the way of boulders include that of
Birchwood, Wisconsin, Granite, and even Honeycomb
Western stone.
Elements of landscape -Stones
 Landscaping with stone brings in a natural element
that evokes solidness and a sense security.
 Types of Landscape Stones and their uses

19.  Marble--Many individuals elect to use marble
when decorating their landscape. Marble can
be used to create signs, around or in garden
ponds, and even marble fountains can be
purchased in order to bring out the natural
appeal of a pond or garden area. They are
also used in sculptures.
 Natural Stone--Natural stone is often a choice
for small landscaping structures.
 Decorative Stones--Decorative stones are used
in pathways or trails to beautify the garden.
Some of them are Royal George, Walnut
nuggets, beachwood pebbles and many
more.
 Other-- Other than that there are pebbles
used for sidewalks, stepping stones used in
gardens and stone is also used as stone
lantern in Chinese gardens.
Elements of landscape -Stones