This document discusses drawing to scale and the use of scales in construction drawings. It explains that drawings represent buildings at a reduced scale, such as representing a 1m wall with a 100mm line at a 1:10 scale. Common scales for plans and elevations are listed as 1:200, 1:100, and 1:50. Hatching is used to indicate building materials. The document outlines the information that should be included in working drawings, such as dimensions, openings, and construction details in plans, elevations, sections, and other drawings. Component, assembly, and detail drawings at various scales are described.

1. DRAWING PRACTICE

2. LESSON OBJECTIVES
 Explain the concept of drawing to scale
 Use a scale rule to find a variety of
measurements
 State the commonly used scales for Block
and Site plans
 Explain the use of hatchings in drawings

3. THE CONCEPT OF DRAWING TO SCALE
Buildings and parts of them are invariably drawn to a reduced scale. For
instance, a wall 1 m (1000 mm) high may be represented on a drawing by a line
100 mm long which is a tenth of 1000 mm. The ratio of 100 mm to 1000 mm is
more conveniently expressed as 1 to 10, and is normally written as 1:10 and
called "the scale".

4. Using scale rules
Scale rules are usually marked with eight different scales, two on each of four
edges using both sides of the rule.

5. Hatching is a term given to the markings on a cross sectional drawing used to indicate the
material that it is constructed of.
They are official British Standards and can be found in BS: 1192 which controls drawing
practice across all sections of the Construction Industry

6. Working Drawings
A working drawing and written specification should contain the total information
required for a building team to convert the architects proposed building into a
completed structure. To enable this to happen the following information should be
found in the following locations.
ELEVATIONS:
1. External finish to walls and roof
2. Position of window and door openings
Scale used 1:200, 1:100, 1:50

7. PLANS:
1. Overall dimensions of
the building
2. Position of internal
walls, room sizes
door and window
openings
3. Position of fitments,
baths, sinks
toilets, stairs etc
Scale used 1:200, 1:100,
1:50
Working Drawings

8. SECTIONS:
1. Provide vertical
dimensions
2. Provide
constructional details
of
foundations, floors,
walls, roof,
damp proof
membranes and ground
levels
Working Drawings

9. SITE PLAN:
Position of the building in relation to the site surroundings i.e. adjoining buildings, roads,
boundaries, etc.Provision of access, Drains and main sewer. Shows North point
Working Drawings
The drainage layout should be used in conjunction with the drainage schedule, which will give details of
manhole construction, cover and invert levels, and other relevant information.

10. BLOCK PLAN:
1. Location of site in relation to surrounding district. This is taken from local authority’s
ordnance survey map
Working Drawings
The scale is usually 1:2500, 1:1250 and is too small to allow much more than an outline of the site and
boundaries, road layouts and the other buildings in the near vicinity.

11. COMPONENT DRAWINGS:
These show the basic sizes of standard components such as doors, windows and
kitchen fitments. scales most commonly used are 1:100, 1: 50, 1: 20
Working Drawings

12. LEGAL or TITLE PANEL:
1. Site Address
2. Scales used on drawing
3. Drawing Number
4. Client
5. Date of drawing
J & M Builders
Drawing No 235
W R Smith
10 Greenways
Greenham
Scale 1:100 March
2003
Drawn CPR
J & M Builders
Drawing No 235
W R Smith
10 Greenways
Greenham
Scale 1:100
March 2003
Drawn CPR
Working Drawings

13. DETAIL DRAWING:
These drawings will include every detail required to make the product.
The information from these details is used to manufacture various components .
These drawings are usually produced by the architect and are produced in
scales ranging from 1:1, 1;5, or 1:10.
Working Drawings

14. ASSEMBLY DRAWING:
These drawings are very important to the builder. They show in detail how the
architect requires the construction to be constructed and what materials
should be used .The scales usually used for these drawings are 1:20, 1:10, 1:5
and should be fully dimensioned and annotated.
Working Drawings

15. Key Points
• Select drawing required consulting Index if available
• Ensure it is the latest amended version
• First, get an overall picture before looking at details.
• Check the sum of intermediate dimensions equals the overall
dimension
• Do not scale from drawings
• Take every opportunity to compare drawings with the current
construction