Architectural drawing pdf

Presentation on
ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING.
Prepared by:- Abhishek M. Chavan. Roll no-04 Class-Second Year, Div-B
Subject:- Architecture Planning & Building Drawing, Guided By:-Prof. Ramiz Sayyad
Architectural Drawing Page 1 Saturday, 4 April 2020

INDEX

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I. INTRODUCTION
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II. STANDARD SCALES FOR ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
III. TYPES OF STANDARD SCALES FOR ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
•HUMAN SCALE
•MINIATURE SCALE
•MONUMENTAL SCALE
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IV. COMPONENT PARTS
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
V. TYPES OF ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
• PRELIMINARY DRAWINGS
• PRESENTATION DRAWING
• MUNICIPAL DRAWING
• WORKING DRAWING

————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
VI. VARIOUS COMPONENT OF WORKING DRAWING
• SITE LAYOUT
• FOUNDATION LAYOUT
• EXCAVATION PLAN
• COLUMN LAYOUT
• BRICKWORK LAYOUT
• ELECTRICAL DRAWING
• ELEVATIONS
• SECTIONS
• STAIRCASE LAYOUT
• FLOOR AND PARAPET LAYOUT
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
VII. CONCLUSION
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Introduction
Architectural drawing is simply the technical drawing of a house, a building or
any kind of structure. Technical drawings are graphic representations such as
lines and symbols that follow specific conventions of scale and projection.
They are used in architecture, construction, engineering, or mapping. In other
words they are a set of sketches, diagrams, and plans, used to design,
construct, and document buildings. It's a schematic representation of a
building.
Architectural drawing is extremely important in the architecture field as there is
no other ways, for example, to convince clients of the merits of a design other
than a clear architectural drawing. How else can contractor build bridges,
highways, or houses without them? These drawings are frequently used to

Standard Scales For Architectural Drawings
Scales is referred to as the ratio of the size of the object to the actual size of the
object. It gives the actual size or dimension of an object or buildings. The term
scale can also to be referred to as the instruments used to measure various
objects or terms. The units of scale are feet (‘), inches (“), metre (m), centimetre
(cm), millimetre (mm), etc. scales in Architecture plays a vital role in the design
process and execution.
I. 1:5000 – Location plan

II. 1:1000 (1”=80’0”) - Location Plan

III. 1:100 (1/8”=1’0”) – Floor plans, elevations and sections

IV. 1:25 (3/4”=1’0”) - Room plans, interior elevations

V. 1:20 (3/4”=1’0”) - Room plans, interior elevations

VI. 1:5 (3”= 1’0”) – Construction details

VII. 1:2 (Half size) – Construction details


Types of Standard Scales
For Architectural Drawing
•Human Scale
It is defined as the scale with reference to the
human dimension and all the sizes of the objects
are set accordingly. We may say it as the scale of
all the objects and the buildings used for daily
purpose. All the sizes are convenient and handy
in accordance to the people living in the building.
The sizes of chairs, tables, staircase treads and
risers, doors, windows all are set according to the
human dimensions and their use.

•Miniature Scale
When the scale of the object is set
in such a manner that the size of
the object or building decreases
from the actual size then it is
learned as miniature scale.
Architects use it for making plans
models. It is also used by the
miniature artists to derive various
forms and sculptures. In our daily
life if we want to compare then the
small ant is in. Miniature scale to
the human being. In case of model
making, the actual dimension are
reduced to make appropriate models. Madurodam Miniature Park near Rotterdam
is a best example of miniature scale. To is 1:25 live scale model replicas of the
beautiful cities of Holland.

•Monumental Scales
When the size of the object or a
building gets increased than the actual
size then it is termed as monumental
scale. The scale is much bigger than
human scale and generally used for
public places. The places where large
crowds gather such places need to be
constructed on monumental scale
The Buland Darwaza is in monumental
scale because its size is far far bigger
than the actual human dimensions. The
Taj Mahal is also constructed in
monumental scale so as to give the feel of grandeur.

Component parts
I. Site Plan

II. Diagram ( shows the inner relationship of spaces)

III. Floor Plans

IV. Elevations

V. Sections

VI. Component details

VII. Perspective view


Types of Architectural Drawing
I. Preliminary Drawing

II.Presentation Drawing

III.Municipal Drawing

IV.Working Drawing

V.Detailed Project Report

VI.Record Drawing


• Preliminary Drawing

Preliminary drawings are the
initial set of sketches, drawings
and plans used to convey
concepts, designs, and ideas
b e t w e e n c l i e n t s , d e s i g n
professionals, and project
s t a k e h o l d e r s . P r e l i m i n a r y
drawings serve the purpose of
communicating and establishing
an understanding and direction
of a project between the client
and the design team.
Preliminary drawings help
visualise ideas among the different parties involved. The preliminary drawings serve to
move projects forward and initiate cost estimates, feasibility studies and other analysis.
Although preliminary drawings help establish a common understanding and vision of a
project, they are not intended as specifications for construction or engineering purposes.

•Presentation Drawing
Drawings intended to explain a
scheme and to promote its
merits. Working drawings may
include tones or hatches to
emphasise different materials,
but they are diagrams, not
intended to appear realistic.
Basic presentation drawings
typically include people,
vehicles and trees, taken from
a library of such images, and
are otherwise very similar in
style to working drawings.
Rendering is the art of adding
surface textures and shadows
to show the visual qualities of a building more realistically. An architectural illustrator or
graphic designer may be employed to prepare specialist presentation images, usually
perspectives or highly finished site plans, floor plans and elevations etc.

•Municipal Drawing
These are the drawing prepared for
obtaining sanction for the project
The sanctioning authorities have their
own checklist of drawings to be
submitted
Sanction is granted for the construction
of the building only after conforming with
all the mandatory by-laws
Some of the required drawings are:
•All floor plans
•Location
•Site plan
•All elevation
• Sections-min one through staircase and one through toilet
• Septic tank details

•Working Drawing
A comprehensive set off drawings used in a
building construction project: these will
include not only architect's drawings, but
structural and other engineering drawings
as well. Working drawings logically
subdivide into location, assembly and
component drawings.
Formerly, working drawings would typically
combine plans, sections, elevations and
some details to provide a complete
explanation of a building on one sheet.
That was possible because little detail was
included, the building techniques involved
being common knowledge amongst building professionals. Modern working drawings are
much more detailed and it is standard practice to isolate select areas of the project on
separate sheets. Notes included on drawings are brief, referring to standardised
speciﬁcation documents for more information. Understanding the layout and construction of
a modern building involves studying an often-sizeable set of drawings and documents.

•Various Component of Working Drawing
I. Site Layout
II. Foundation Layout
III. Excavation Plan
IV. Column Layout
V. Brickwork Layout
VI. Electrical Drawing
VII. PHE Drawing
VIII. HVAC Drawing

IX. Generic Details
X. Elevation
XI. Sections

•Site Layout
A site layout plan shows a
detailed layout of the whole
site and the relationship of
the proposed works with
the boundary of the
property, nearby roads and
neighbouring buildings.
Most applications should
include an existing site
layout plan and a proposed
site layout plan. For simple
applications the existing
and proposed site can be combined and shown on one plan so long as what is
existing, what is proposed and what is to be demolished is highlighted and annotated
clearly.

•Foundation Layout
Layout of a building or a
structure shows the plan of
its foundation on the
ground surface according
to its drawings, so that
excavation can be carried
out exactly where required
and position and orientation
of the building is exactly
specified. It is set out
according to foundation
plan drawings and
specifications provided by
the engineer or an
architect.In order to
understand layout or setting out of a building we must understand some of the
technical terms related to this job

•Excavation Plan
Excavation are among the most
hazardous construction operations.
excavation as any man-made cut, cavity,
trench, or depression in the Earth’s
surface formed by earth removal.
Excavated features are drawn in three
dimensions with the help of drawing
conventions. Single context planning
developed by the has become the
professional norm. The basic advantage
of single context planning is context
plans draw on "transparent perm-a-trace
paper" can be overlaid for re-interpretation at a later date.

•Column Layout
The plan which contains column size &
position is called column layout plan . Column
layout plan is very important for a Structure.
Because without column layout it's impossible
to locate the actual location of the structure

•Brickwork Layout
The term Masonry layout probably
owes its name to the popular jQuery
Masonry plugin that is used to
generate this type of layout.
Brickwork is a grid layout based on
columns. Unlike other grid layouts, it
doesn’t have fixed height rows.
Basically, Masonry layout optimises the
use of space inside the web page by
reducing any unnecessary gaps.
Without this type of layout, certain restrictions are required to maintain the
structure of layout.

•Electrical Drawing
An electrical drawing is a
type of technical drawing that
shows information about
power lighting, and
communication for an
engineering or architectural
project. Any electrical
working drawing consists of
"lines, symbols, dimensions,
and notations to accurately
convey an engineering's
design to the workers, who
install the electrical system
on the job

•Elevation
Geometrically, an
elevation is a horizontal
orthographic projection a
building on to a vertical
plane, the vertical plane
normally being parallel to
one side of the building.
Architects also use the
word elevation as a
synonym for façade, so
the "north elevation" is the
north-facing wall of the building.

•Sections
Section typically refers to a view of a
structure as though it has been sliced
in half or cut along another imaginary
plane, which is generally, but not
always a vertical plane. This is
represented as a section drawing. This
can be useful when designing or
representing structures such as
buildings as it gives a view that passes
through spaces such as rooms and
also through the building fabric, and
this can reveal relationship between the
parts of the building that might not be
apparent on plans/elevations.

•Staircase Plan
A staircase is constructed designed
to bridge to bridge a large vertical
distance by dividing it into smaller
vertical distances called steps. Stairs
may be straight, round, or may
consist of two or more straight pieces
connected at angles.
Special types of stairs include
escalators and ladders. Some
alternatives to stairs are elevators,
stairlifts and inclined moving
walkaways

•Floor & Parapet Plan
In architecture and building
engineering, a floor plan is a
drawing to scale, showing a view
from above, of the relationship
between rooms, spaces, traffic
patterns and other physical features
at one level of a structure.
Dimension are usually drawn
between the walls to specify room
sizes and wall lengths. Floor plans
may also include details of fixtures
like sinks, water heaters, furnaces
Parapet around the edge of a roof,
balcony, terrace or stairway
designed either to prevent those
behind it from falling over or to
shelters them from attack from the outside. Saturday, 4 April 2020

CONCLUSION
Today’s architectural design process involves many participants, increasingly
complex information and knowledge. Design consists of five important
components: aesthetics, culture, environment, structure and materials, and
economics and social influence. It is also a “participatory” process, encouraging
interdisciplinary knowledge and collaborative community participation. This
research views site analysis as a sub-system within the design process, and the
major factors in the design process also form the essence of site analysis and
selection. In site analysis, several major environmental factors are identified
based on the comparison between fen shui and contemporary environmental
design principles.

Architectural drawing pdf

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