The document discusses perspective drawing techniques. It explains that in perspective drawing, objects appear smaller as their distance from the observer increases and are subject to foreshortening. It describes how an observer must position themselves at an appropriate distance to see the entire object without distortions. Perspective drawing represents three dimensional images on a two-dimensional surface using techniques like horizon lines, vanishing points, and one-point and two-point perspectives.

1. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY

2. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY
PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
The two most characteristic features of perspective are
that objects are smaller as their distance from the
observer increases; and that they are subject
to foreshortening

3. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY
FORESHORTENIN
G
OVER LAPPING OF FORMS
DIMNUTION OF SIZE
CONVERGENCE OF PARALLEL LINES

4. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY
Observer 'A' is shown standing too close to the
object for a satisfactory picture of the whole of it to
be made. If he moves back to position 'B' the whole
of the height of the object falls with in his static cone
of vision and a picture of the whole of the object can
be made without unacceptable distortions.

5. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY
Perspective Drawing is a technique used to represent three
dimensional images on a two-dimensional picture plane

6. HORIZON LINE
The horizon is represented by the point at which the sea
and sky, or flat land and sky, meet.
The true horizon line is always at the “Eye Level” and will
change as you change the elevation of view.

7. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY
VIEWING POINT
Every object appears different
when viewed from various
angles.
The viewing point can be seen as
a straight line from our eye to the
horizon line. If we move to the
right/left OR up/down, we are
changing the viewing point and
there will be major changes in
the drawing.

8. THE PICTURE PLANE
The picture plane (PP) is the
plane that is used to record the
'picture' or 'drawing'
that the eye sees. It is easiest to
think of the picture plane as
being a sheet of glass, and the
observer having a marking pen
that can trace onto the glass
exactly what their eye sees.

9. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY
VANISHING POINT
is that spot on the horizon line to which the receding parallel lines
diminish. As things get further away, from us, they seems smaller
and closer together. When they get far enough away, distances
become ever tinier and so form a single point.
THIS IS THE ILLUSION OF DEPTH

10. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY
VANISHING POINT
If we draw imaginary lines along the sides of the table and extend them to meet
each other , they will meet at a point. The meeting point where the two lines meet is
a Vanishing point. And the parallel line which passes through the vanishing point is
Horizon Line. Lines that are parallel to the table side lines will also meet at the same
vanishing point on the horizon line. All objects in the picture will also seem to grow
smaller as they move into the picture, toward the horizon line. So, the horizon line
plays a number of important role in the rules of perspective.

11. “
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ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE
1. Draw a Horizon Line
2. Mark a point on that line… this will
be the Vanishing Point
3. Draw a neat rectangle
NOTE: Ensure the
vertical edges are perpendicular and
horizontal edges are parallel with the
Horizon Line
4. Draw 4 lines originating from
each of the corners of the
rectangle and converging at the
Vanishing Point. These are also
called Vanishing Lines

12. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY
5. Draw another rectangle behind the
existing one using the Vanishing Lines as
coordinates for it’s corners.

13. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY

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17. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY
TWO -POINT PERSPECTIVE

18. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY

19. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY

20. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY

21. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY
SCIOGRAPHYSTUDY OF SHADE AND SHADOW IN ARCHITECTURE.

22. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY

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29. KIRUTHIKA SELVI KJ Asst Prof REVA UNIVERSITY