Introduction to working drawings course for architects and interior designers. it contains 3 main parts: 1-general introduction to the course and its objectives and importance, 2-guide lines for plan drawings for beginners, 3-introduction to NCS.

1. WORKING DRWAINGS
By Dr. EBTEHAL GALAL

2. Introduction
Lecture 1

3. 3
Working Drawings
A scale drawing
which serves as a
guide for the
construction or
manufacture of
something such as a
building or machine.

4. 4

5. 5

6. 6

7. 7

8. 8

9. 9

10. WHAT IS WORKING DRWAING
• A comprehensive set of
drawings used in a
building construction
project: these will include
not only architect's
drawings but structural,
mechanical and services
drawings as well. Ccomponent drawings
Assembly drwaings
Location drwaings
2/6/2017 10By Dr. Ebtehal Galal

11. Location drwaings
• Or general
arrangement
drawings, include
floor plans, sections
and elevations: they
show where the
construction elements
are located.
Assembly drwaings
• Show how the different
parts are put together.
For example a wall
detail will show the
layers that make up the
construction
Ccomponent
drawings
• Enable self-contained
elements e.g. windows
and door sets, to be
fabricated in a
workshop, and delivered
to site complete and
ready for installation
2/6/2017 11By Dr. Ebtehal Galal

12. Working
Drawings
In architectural drafting,
the working drawings
are all plans,
elevations, and details
needed by the
contractor along with
the specifications
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 12

13. As Built
Drawings
Revised set of drawing
submitted by a contractor upon
completion of a project or a
particular job. They reflect all
changes made in the
specifications and working
drawings during the
construction process, and show
the exact dimensions,
geometry, and location of all
elements of the work completed
under the contract.
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 13

14. Course objectives
14
JUMA HUSSAIN
Eng , M BAAL BAKI
T YPICAL FL OOR PL AN
JUMA HUSSAIN
Eng , M BAAL BAKI
GROUN DFL OOR PL AN
JUMA HUSSAIN
Eng , M BAAL BAKI
BASE MEN T FL OOR PL AN
JUMA HUSSAIN
Eng , M BAAL BAKI
MEZ Z ANE EN FL OOR PL AN
JUMA HUSSAIN
Eng , M BAAL BAKI
T YPICAL FL OOR PL AN
JUMA HUSSAIN
Eng , M BAAL BAKI
T YPICAL FL OOR PL AN
• How to start your project
• Different types of architectural drawings
• The importance of each stage
• Common mistakes
• Reading others spec drawings

15. List of drawing contains:
15
• Layouts and site plan • Internal, External Finishes
• Planes • Roof and Wall Cladding,
• Sections • Building services “Electro-Mechanics ”
• Elevations • Building systems
• Windows - Doors • Interior design details “floors, ceilings,
fountains, flower poxes,…etc
• Stairs • Vegetation, lighting and landscape works
Coordination

16. 16
Detailed
drawings

17. End of part 1

18. WORKING DRWAINGS
By Dr. EBTEHAL GALAL

19. Plan View Drwaings.
Lecture 2

20. • Is presented as if looking down on the
space. The most common plan view is the
architectural floor plan, which shows doors,
windows, walls, and partitions.
• Variations of plan views include structural,
fire suppression, plumbing, HVAC, and
electrical plans. Each shows the work of
the respective trades in plan view as they fit
into the architectural floor plan.
• Plan views are also a starting point from
which the architect directs the reader to
other drawings for more information.
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 20

21. Why its important?
• Determine the main
architectural concept of a
building by showing:
• Determine the main idea of its
construction system,
• Helping in Inventory, writing of
quantities and specifications
• Usually it will be dilivered in
scale 1:50
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 21
•Diffrent spaces , shapes, names,,
and relation ships,
•Doors and windows places,
•Types of usdimisionsed finishing
materials,
•Main and sub entrances,
•Servis area like stairs, elevators,
toilites, and michanical rooms.
•Bearing wlls or skeleton
•Columns and load bearing places
and its diminsion,
•The walls thiknis,

22. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 22
1-Basic information
for plane drawing
2-
-Data to be signed
on drawings
3-
Considerations
must be taken

23. 1-Axis
• A continuous “center
line” that represent the
stuructural axis, that
determine the structural
units ”columns, beams or
bearing walls“
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 23

24. • Each axe got it name “No
or Alpha”
• When each?
• If you needed to ad sub
axe then use / , like A/
and some times it A*,
• For tilted axis use a
combination between
both No and Alpha
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 24

25. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 25

26. 2-1: Inner
dims
• A continuous
line that passing
through all
spaces,
• Each space
should have at
least 2 In-Dim,
“horizontal,
vertical”
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 26
2-Dimensions

27. • Its preferred that adjacent spaces have continuous total inn
dimension.
• Flower box, stairs, fountain, …etc should got there In-Dim with
relation to the nearest wall.
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 27

28. 2-2: Outer dims
• There should be 3 lines:
• First: for openings, and any changes in the wall
orientation, it the first after the outer wall,
• Second for the dimension between each 2 Axis, and
between the final axe and the end of the building.
• Third one is the total dimension for the building .
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 28
2-Dimensions

29. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 29
1st line: Opinings .
3rd line: total building lenght
or width.
2nd line: Axe to Axe
dimision.

30. • 6mm (scale 1:50) circle that indicate the finishing floor
level in typical floor, and the slab surface for the roof….
Why???.
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 30
3-levels

31. • Any changing in levels “ stairs, steps, ramps” should
have 2 level sample before and after the changes.
• Its important also not to forget the direction arrow.
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 31

32. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 32
1-Basic information for
plane drawing
2--Data to be signed
on drawings
3-Considerations
must be taken

33. Stairs Steps No and dashed line
• Start with 1…..
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 33

34. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 34
The Direction
arrow.
The beigining level
For the floor F.L
Landing 1 F.L
Landing 2 F.L
Landing 3 F.L

35. Details
• Any other work that needs more
details “shop drawing” should be
mentioned in the main plane
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 35
• With detail No and
Sheet No that
contains that
detail.
• Details like
Handrail, flower
box,
• Fixed shelf, fixed
counters,…..etc

36. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 36
Detail No 3
DrawingNo
22

37. Important Samples
• Elevation indicator:
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 37

38. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 38
• Section indicator:
• Dashed line

39. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 39
• Wall Section indicator:
• Dashed line.

40. Different samples :
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 40

41. Where to put
Door samples:
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 41
Where to put
Window
samples:

42. Doorandwindowstypes
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 42

43. Doorandwindowstypes
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 43

44. Doorandwindowstypes
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 44

45. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 45

46. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 46

47. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 47

48. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 48

49. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 49

50. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 50
1-Basic information for
plane drawing
2-Data to be signed on
drawings
3-
consideratio
ns must be
taken

51. • That determine building
orientation ,
• It could be in different
shape.
• And it placed with each
plane in the border.
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 51
4- North direction

52. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 52

53. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 53
Curves
The Virtical dimision
from the center to the
nearest Axe.
The Curve center
The Horizontaldimision
from the center to the
nearest Axe.
The Curve Radius .

54. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 54

55. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 55
Angles
The Virtical dimision
from the center to the
nearest Axe.
The Curve center
The Horizontaldimision
from the center to the
nearest Axe.
The Curve Radius .
3.5m

56. -Finishing materials indicators
and Space name
• Each space shoul get
its own name,
• With description of its
finishing materials for
walls, floor, skirting,
and cieling .
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 56

57. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 57

58. 12-Schedules
• The objective of the
Schedules Module is to
provide a consistent
format for written
information in
• the form of schedules.
Formats are provided for
typical schedules used in
building construction.
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 58

59. 12-1: Finishing Materials Schedule
• It could take different
shapes.
• It is the easiest way to
identify all finishing.
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 59

60. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 60

61. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 61

62. 12-2: Doors and Windows Schedule
• …………..
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 62

63. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 63

64. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 64

65. In large scale planes
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 65

66. Not forget:
• Axe line ..............Center line,
• Section in walls .........Duple bold
line,
• Elevation for any things appear in
the plane...........................single
line,
• Upper elemnts ...........dashed
line,
• Hatch should match what
mentioned in the general
appriviaton.
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 66

67. TIME TO DISCUSS
REAL PROJECTS……..

68. End of part 2

69. WORKING DRWAINGS
By Dr. EBTEHAL GALAL

70. National CAD Standard
LECTURE 3

71. • Everything you will need to assemble a concise set of documents
/drawings for the built environment.
• It is a guide to what is required by todays Computer Aided Design
software tools to create the necessary documentation for construction.
• It includes: Layering standards, symbols, line styles, document
formatting, abbreviations, and everything needed to present your
design in an easy to understand standard for construction.
• This will result in reducing the costs of developing and maintaining
individual office standards, and transferring building data from design
applications to facility management applications.
•
2/6/2017 71By Dr. Ebtehal Galal

72. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 72
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-DrHhWROxU
https://www.nationalcadstandard.org/ncs6/ordering.php

73. to Clients and
Owners
Consistent organization of
data for all projects, from
all sources.
Greater clarity of
communication of design
intent to the client.
Streamlined construction
document checking
process.
to Design
Professionals
Consistent data classification
for all projects, regardless of
the project type or client.
Seamless transfer of
information among architects,
engineers, and other design
team members.
Reduced staff training time to
teach "office standards."
to Contractors
and
Subcontractors
Consistent drawing sheet
order and sheet
organization; information
appears in the same place
in all drawing sets.
Consistent detail reference
system.
Consistent organization of
data for all projects, from
all sources.
2/6/2017 73By Dr. Ebtehal Galal