The document outlines the importance and components of working drawings in architectural and construction projects, which include various types of drawings such as location, assembly, and component drawings. It emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive documentation to guide construction processes, ensuring accurate representation of designs and adherence to specifications. Additionally, it discusses the significance of standards for CAD systems to promote consistency in drawing presentation and data communication across different stakeholders in a project.

1. WORKING DRWAINGS
By Dr. EBTEHAL GALAL

2. Introduction
Lecture 1

3. 3
Working Drawings
A scale drawing
which serves as a
guide for the
construction or
manufacture of
something such as a
building or machine.

4. 4

5. 5

6. 6

7. 7

8. 8

9. 9

10. WHAT IS WORKING DRWAING
• A comprehensive set of
drawings used in a
building construction
project: these will include
not only architect's
drawings but structural,
mechanical and services
drawings as well. Ccomponent drawings
Assembly drwaings
Location drwaings
2/6/2017 10By Dr. Ebtehal Galal

11. Location drwaings
• Or general
arrangement
drawings, include
floor plans, sections
and elevations: they
show where the
construction elements
are located.
Assembly drwaings
• Show how the different
parts are put together.
For example a wall
detail will show the
layers that make up the
construction
Ccomponent
drawings
• Enable self-contained
elements e.g. windows
and door sets, to be
fabricated in a
workshop, and delivered
to site complete and
ready for installation
2/6/2017 11By Dr. Ebtehal Galal

12. Working
Drawings
In architectural drafting,
the working drawings
are all plans,
elevations, and details
needed by the
contractor along with
the specifications
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13. As Built
Drawings
Revised set of drawing
submitted by a contractor upon
completion of a project or a
particular job. They reflect all
changes made in the
specifications and working
drawings during the
construction process, and show
the exact dimensions,
geometry, and location of all
elements of the work completed
under the contract.
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14. Course objectives
14
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• How to start your project
• Different types of architectural drawings
• The importance of each stage
• Common mistakes
• Reading others spec drawings

15. List of drawing contains:
15
• Layouts and site plan • Internal, External Finishes
• Planes • Roof and Wall Cladding,
• Sections • Building services “Electro-Mechanics ”
• Elevations • Building systems
• Windows - Doors • Interior design details “floors, ceilings,
fountains, flower poxes,…etc
• Stairs • Vegetation, lighting and landscape works
Coordination

16. 16
Detailed
drawings

17. End of part 1

18. WORKING DRWAINGS
By Dr. EBTEHAL GALAL

19. Plan View Drwaings.
Lecture 2

20. • Is presented as if looking down on the
space. The most common plan view is the
architectural floor plan, which shows doors,
windows, walls, and partitions.
• Variations of plan views include structural,
fire suppression, plumbing, HVAC, and
electrical plans. Each shows the work of
the respective trades in plan view as they fit
into the architectural floor plan.
• Plan views are also a starting point from
which the architect directs the reader to
other drawings for more information.
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21. Why its important?
• Determine the main
architectural concept of a
building by showing:
• Determine the main idea of its
construction system,
• Helping in Inventory, writing of
quantities and specifications
• Usually it will be dilivered in
scale 1:50
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•Diffrent spaces , shapes, names,,
and relation ships,
•Doors and windows places,
•Types of usdimisionsed finishing
materials,
•Main and sub entrances,
•Servis area like stairs, elevators,
toilites, and michanical rooms.
•Bearing wlls or skeleton
•Columns and load bearing places
and its diminsion,
•The walls thiknis,

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1-Basic information
for plane drawing
2-
-Data to be signed
on drawings
3-
Considerations
must be taken

23. 1-Axis
• A continuous “center
line” that represent the
stuructural axis, that
determine the structural
units ”columns, beams or
bearing walls“
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24. • Each axe got it name “No
or Alpha”
• When each?
• If you needed to ad sub
axe then use / , like A/
and some times it A*,
• For tilted axis use a
combination between
both No and Alpha
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26. 2-1: Inner
dims
• A continuous
line that passing
through all
spaces,
• Each space
should have at
least 2 In-Dim,
“horizontal,
vertical”
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2-Dimensions

27. • Its preferred that adjacent spaces have continuous total inn
dimension.
• Flower box, stairs, fountain, …etc should got there In-Dim with
relation to the nearest wall.
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28. 2-2: Outer dims
• There should be 3 lines:
• First: for openings, and any changes in the wall
orientation, it the first after the outer wall,
• Second for the dimension between each 2 Axis, and
between the final axe and the end of the building.
• Third one is the total dimension for the building .
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2-Dimensions

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1st line: Opinings .
3rd line: total building lenght
or width.
2nd line: Axe to Axe
dimision.

30. • 6mm (scale 1:50) circle that indicate the finishing floor
level in typical floor, and the slab surface for the roof….
Why???.
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3-levels

31. • Any changing in levels “ stairs, steps, ramps” should
have 2 level sample before and after the changes.
• Its important also not to forget the direction arrow.
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1-Basic information for
plane drawing
2--Data to be signed
on drawings
3-Considerations
must be taken

33. Stairs Steps No and dashed line
• Start with 1…..
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The Direction
arrow.
The beigining level
For the floor F.L
Landing 1 F.L
Landing 2 F.L
Landing 3 F.L

35. Details
• Any other work that needs more
details “shop drawing” should be
mentioned in the main plane
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• With detail No and
Sheet No that
contains that
detail.
• Details like
Handrail, flower
box,
• Fixed shelf, fixed
counters,…..etc

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Detail No 3
DrawingNo
22

37. Important Samples
• Elevation indicator:
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 37

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• Section indicator:
• Dashed line

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• Wall Section indicator:
• Dashed line.

40. Different samples :
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41. Where to put
Door samples:
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 41
Where to put
Window
samples:

42. Doorandwindowstypes
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 42

43. Doorandwindowstypes
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 43

44. Doorandwindowstypes
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1-Basic information for
plane drawing
2-Data to be signed on
drawings
3-
consideratio
ns must be
taken

51. • That determine building
orientation ,
• It could be in different
shape.
• And it placed with each
plane in the border.
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4- North direction

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Curves
The Virtical dimision
from the center to the
nearest Axe.
The Curve center
The Horizontaldimision
from the center to the
nearest Axe.
The Curve Radius .

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55. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 55
Angles
The Virtical dimision
from the center to the
nearest Axe.
The Curve center
The Horizontaldimision
from the center to the
nearest Axe.
The Curve Radius .
3.5m

56. -Finishing materials indicators
and Space name
• Each space shoul get
its own name,
• With description of its
finishing materials for
walls, floor, skirting,
and cieling .
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58. 12-Schedules
• The objective of the
Schedules Module is to
provide a consistent
format for written
information in
• the form of schedules.
Formats are provided for
typical schedules used in
building construction.
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59. 12-1: Finishing Materials Schedule
• It could take different
shapes.
• It is the easiest way to
identify all finishing.
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 59

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62. 12-2: Doors and Windows Schedule
• …………..
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65. In large scale planes
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 65

66. Not forget:
• Axe line ..............Center line,
• Section in walls .........Duple bold
line,
• Elevation for any things appear in
the plane...........................single
line,
• Upper elemnts ...........dashed
line,
• Hatch should match what
mentioned in the general
appriviaton.
2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 66

67. TIME TO DISCUSS
REAL PROJECTS……..

68. End of part 2

69. WORKING DRWAINGS
By Dr. EBTEHAL GALAL

70. National CAD Standard
LECTURE 3

71. • Everything you will need to assemble a concise set of documents
/drawings for the built environment.
• It is a guide to what is required by todays Computer Aided Design
software tools to create the necessary documentation for construction.
• It includes: Layering standards, symbols, line styles, document
formatting, abbreviations, and everything needed to present your
design in an easy to understand standard for construction.
• This will result in reducing the costs of developing and maintaining
individual office standards, and transferring building data from design
applications to facility management applications.
•
2/6/2017 71By Dr. Ebtehal Galal

72. 2/6/2017By Dr. Ebtehal Galal 72
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-DrHhWROxU
https://www.nationalcadstandard.org/ncs6/ordering.php

73. to Clients and
Owners
Consistent organization of
data for all projects, from
all sources.
Greater clarity of
communication of design
intent to the client.
Streamlined construction
document checking
process.
to Design
Professionals
Consistent data classification
for all projects, regardless of
the project type or client.
Seamless transfer of
information among architects,
engineers, and other design
team members.
Reduced staff training time to
teach "office standards."
to Contractors
and
Subcontractors
Consistent drawing sheet
order and sheet
organization; information
appears in the same place
in all drawing sets.
Consistent detail reference
system.
Consistent organization of
data for all projects, from
all sources.
2/6/2017 73By Dr. Ebtehal Galal