This document discusses the approach to hematuria in children. It begins by defining hematuria and describing different types. It then outlines the most common etiologies of glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria. The document emphasizes taking a thorough history and physical exam. It recommends investigations including urine analysis, blood work, imaging and potentially renal biopsy. Based on the cause, management may include reassurance, antibiotics, supportive care, monitoring, correcting complications, addressing underlying issues like calculi, or dialysis/transplantation for end stage renal disease.