1) Hypopituitarism occurs when the pituitary gland loses its ability to produce hormones, resulting in deficiencies of growth hormone, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, FSH, LH, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone.
2) It can be congenital due to genetic mutations or perinatal injuries, or acquired from brain damage, tumors, infections, or other causes that damage the pituitary gland.
3) Symptoms depend on which hormones are deficient but may include growth failure, hypoglycemia, delayed puberty, electrolyte imbalances, and diabetes insipidus. Treatment involves hormone replacement therapy and monitoring hormone levels.
When the pituitary Gland it' s function is increased whether the cause are?
Both anterior and Posterior gland secretions are increased the most causes are ADENOMAS
Congenital Adr Hyperplasia (CAH) can appear at any age from birth to puberty where it can lead to ambiguous genitalia. It is due to absolute or relative deficiency of 17 Hydroxylase or 21 Hydroxylase enzyme.
Hypopituitarism is an uncommon health condition where the pituitary gland does not produce hormones or fails to do so in sufficient amounts. The pituitary is an important endocrine gland, located at the bottom of the brain, responsible for secretion of hormones that influence almost every body part. To know more visit here: www.lazoi.com
When the pituitary Gland it' s function is increased whether the cause are?
Both anterior and Posterior gland secretions are increased the most causes are ADENOMAS
Congenital Adr Hyperplasia (CAH) can appear at any age from birth to puberty where it can lead to ambiguous genitalia. It is due to absolute or relative deficiency of 17 Hydroxylase or 21 Hydroxylase enzyme.
Hypopituitarism is an uncommon health condition where the pituitary gland does not produce hormones or fails to do so in sufficient amounts. The pituitary is an important endocrine gland, located at the bottom of the brain, responsible for secretion of hormones that influence almost every body part. To know more visit here: www.lazoi.com
precocious puberty is one of the grey areas for pediatricians and gyenecologists. this is an attempt to answer some of the questions the content is references taken from authorative textbooks
Through the power of Therapeutic Yoga we help children find their own
possibilities and abilities because it is not what they cannot do, it’s about everything they can. Special Yoga Foundation offers several solutions to schools by delivering special yoga practice to children with challenges, disabilities and learning difficulties. For more information contact jess@specialyoga,org,uk
The Many Faces of Hyperparathyroidism & Advances in TreatmentBabak Larian
Hyperparathyroidism is a rare disease that affects the whole body and can cause potentially debilitating symptoms. Unfortunately, parathyroid disease is often poorly understood, even by parathyroid specialists. Because the signs and symptoms of hyperparathryoidism are similar to other conditions (including aging, stress, depression, menopause, fibromyalgia, etc.), patients are often misdiagnosed. As such, it is Dr Larian's goal to educate both physicians and patients more on the different manifestations of the disease and treatment so that patients can receive the care they deserve.
This presentation - The Many Faces of Hyperparathyroidism & Advances in Treatment - has the following objectives:
1- Understand the physiology of parathyroid disease and the molecular basis for it.
2- Be able to identify the different manifestations of hyperparathyroidism: Typical, Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism, and Normohormonal Hyperparathyroidism.
3- Understand the reasoning for the latest recommendations for treatment of disease.
For more information about hyperparathyroid disease and surgery please visit www.ParathyroidMD.com or call 310-461-0300.
The topic discussed here is the Human endocrine system and the various hormones and their functions, disorders of the endocrine system and their effects.
A major organ of the endocrine system, the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior), is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction and lactation. Proper functioning of the anterior pituitary and of the organs it regulates can often be ascertained via blood tests that measure hormone levels.
The anterior pituitary contains five types of endocrine cell, and they are defined by the hormones they secrete: somatotropes (GH); prolactins (PRL); gonadotropes (LH and FSH); corticotropes (ACTH) and thyrotropes (TSH)
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
3. PITUITARY GLAND
The pituitary is located
at the base of the brain,
in a small depression of
the sphenoid bone
(sella turcica).
• Purpose: control the
activity of many other
endocrine glands.
“ Master gland”
• Has two lobes,
the anterior & posterior lobes.
4.
5. HYPOPITUITARISM
• Hypopituitarism- denotes
1. Underproduction of GH alone
2. In combination with deficiencies of other
pituitary hormones.
• Incidence – 1 in 4000- 1 in 10000 live births
( as per Nelson).
6. Contd…
• Hypopituitarism occurs when the anterior
(front) and posterior lobes of the pituitary
gland loses its ability to make hormones,
resulting in multiple pituitary hormone
deficiencies. Physical symptoms depend on
which hormones are no longer being
produced by the gland.
7. GH Dwarfism, Lethargy,
Premature aging
ACTH Addison’s disease
TSH Decrease in BMR,HR,CO,BP.
Cretinism
PROLACTIN Too little milk
FSH Late puberty, Infertility
LH Amenorrhea, Impotence
OXYTOCIN Prolonged labour, Diminished
milk
ADH(VASSOPRESSIN) Diabetes insipidus, Dilute
urine and Increased urine
output.
12. ACQUIRED CAUSES
• Any lesion that damages hypothalamus,
pituitary stalk or anterior pituitary hormone
deficiency .
• Most common lesion- craniopharyngioma
• Diabetes insipidus- most frequently seen.
14. Clinical features
Congenital :
Growth and development:
• Birthweight: near-normal
• Birth length: may be slightly decreased
• Postnatal growth: severe growth failure
• Bone age: delayed, but may be advanced relative
to height age
• Genitalia: micropenis in childhood; normal for
body size in adults
• Puberty: delayed 3-7 yr
• Sexual function and fertility: normal
• Craniofacies
15. • Hair: sparse before the age of 7 yr
• Forehead: prominent; frontal bossing
• Skull: normal head circumference; craniofacial
disproportion due to small facies
• Facies: small
• Nasal bridge: hypoplastic
• Orbits: shallow
• Dentition: delayed eruption
• Sclerae: blue
• Voice: high pitched
16. • Musculoskeletal/metabolic/miscellaneous
• Hypoglycemia: in infants and children; fasting
symptoms in some
• adults
• Walking and motor milestones: delayed
• Hips: dysplasia; avascular necrosis of femoral
head
• Elbow: limited extensibility
• Skin: thin, prematurely aged
• Osteopenia
20. ACQUIRED
• TUMORS- headache, vomiting, visual
disturbance, pathologic sleep patterns,
decreased school performance, seizures,
polyuria and growth failure.
• Craniopharyngioma- visual field defects, optic
atrophy, papilledema and cranial nerve palsy.
• Loss of weight, asthenia, sensitivity to cold,
mental torpor and absence of sweating.
21. Contd..
• Sexual maturation fails or regression
• Atropy of gonads with amenorrhea and loss of
pubic hair.
• Growth slows dramatically.
22. INVESTIGATION
• CRITERIA FOR GROWTH FAILURE:
1. Height < 1 percentile for age and sex
2. Height > 2 SD below sex adjusted mid parent
height.
23. Evaluation
Growth related history and patient
physical exam
Growth failure
Short stature
Imaging CT and MRI
Laboratory Measurement of GH, IGF-1 and IGF-1
binding protein levels.
Determination of peak GH levels after
stimulation test
Special testing Family history and genetic analyses
Other functions Levels TSH, free thyroxin, ACTH, Cortisol,
Gonadotropines, Gonadal steriods.
25. Contd..
TEST PROTOCOL LEVELS SPECIFICITY
Exercise 10 mins 0,10,20, mins 50%
Insulin 0.05-0.1 U/kg 0,30,60,90 mins 85%
Clonidine 0.15mg/m2 0,30,60,90 mins 80%
GHRH 1mcg/kg -30,0,30,45 mins 95%
PREREQUISITES FOR GH STIMULATION:
1. Normal thyroid profile
2. Priming in childern with bone age <10 yrs and delayed puberty
BOYS- Testosterone enanthate 100mcg IM 5 days prior to test
GIRLS- Ethinyl estradiol 100mcg/day -3 days.
INTERPRETATION:
<5 ng/ml-Growth hormone deficiency
5-10ng/ml- Indeterminate
>10ng.ml- Growth hormone deficiency excluded.
29. FOLLOW UP
• CLINICAL- Height velocity and Z score for
height.
• Blood sugar, TSH, bone age- yearly
• After puberty- bone age 6 monthly
• DISCONTINUATION OF TREATMENT:
Target height is achieved
Bone age- boys-16years, girls- 14 years.
30. Diabetes Insipitus
• DI is usually insidious but can occur with
damage to the hypothalamus or the pituitary.
(neurogenic DI)
• May be a result of defect in renal tubules, do
not respond to ADH (nephrogenic DI)
• Decreased production or release of ADH
results in massive water loss
• Leads to hypovolemic & dehydration
31. CLINICAL FEATURES
Polyuria
Urine specific gravity low
Polydipsia (excessive drinking)
Weight loss
Dry skin & mucous membranes
Possible hypervolemia, hypotension,
electrolyte imbalance
32. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• Serum sodium
• Urine specific gravity
• Serum osmolality
• Urine osmolality
• Serum ADH levels
• Vasopressin test and water deprivation test:
increased hyperosmolality is diagnostic for DI.
33. TREATMENT
Medical management includes
• Rehydration IV fluids (hypotonic)
• Symptom management
• ADH replacement (vasopressin)
• For nephrogenic DI: thiazide diuretics,
mild salt depletion, prostaglandin
inhibitors (i.e. ibuprophen)