classification of joints. example of different types of joints. different types of joints on the basis of axis of movements. clinical aspects of joints. different between arthritis.

1. Anatomy of Joints
Dr Laxman Khanal
Asst. Prof
Department of anatomy
BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

2. Q. Major sensation from joint is
a. Touch
b. Proprioception
c. Vibration
d. Temperature
Q. Synovial cavity is bounded by
a. Synovial membrane
b. Articular cartilage
c. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’
d. None
Q. Generally the articular cartilage is
a. Hyaline cartilage
b. Elastic cartilage
c. Fibrocartilage
d. None
Q. Viscous nature of synovial
fluid is due to presence of--
a. Lymphocyte
b. Hyaluronic acid
c. Monocytes
d. Proteins
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

3. Introduction
Definition: A point of contact between two
bones, between two cartilages, between
bone and cartilage, or between bone and
teeth.
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

4. Joint classification by tissue joining bones
(Structural classification)
• Fibrous joint- immobile without synovial cavity
1. Suture joint
2. Gomphoses
3. Syndesmoses
• Cartilaginous joint- no synovial cavity
1. Synchondroses-immobile
2. Symphysis – slightly mobile
• Synovial joint- presence of synovial cavity
?
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

5. Joint classification by movements
(Functional classification)
• Synarthrosis- Immobile like fibrous joint
• Amphiarthrosis- Slightly movable like cartilaginous joint
• Diarthrosis – Freely movable like synovial joint
Regional classification
• Skull type- Synarthrosis or fibrous
• Vertebral type- Amphiarthrosis or cartilaginous joint
• Limb type- Diarthrosis or synovial joint
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

6. Types of sutural joint
A. Serrate suture
B. Denticulate suture
C. Squamous suture
D. Plane suture
E. Schindylesis
Rostrum of sphenoid
Vomer9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

7. Unossified spaces between cranial bones are called as Fontanelles.
• Anterior fontanel
• Posterior fontanel
• Anteriolateral fontanel
• Posteriolateral fontanel
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

8. Syndesmoses
desmo= ligament
• Interosseus membrane of-
 Radius and ulna
 Tibia and fibula
• Inf Tibiofibular joint
Gomphosis
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

9. Cartilaginous joint
1. Primary ( synchondrosis)
2. Secondary (symphysis)
Synostosis
(cartilage to bone)
Sphenooccipital
synchondrosisIst chondrosternal joint
Joint b/w epiphysis and diaphysis
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

10. Secondary cartilaginous joint
Provide strength and absorb shock.
Joined by disc of fibrocartilage.
Appear in median plane of body.
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

11. Synovial joints
• These are freely movable (diarthrosis) type of joints.
• Most of the joints of human skeleton lies in this group.
• Name came from lubricating substance (synovial fluid) which is
present in joint cavity (synovial cavity)
• These has following characteristics
1. A joint cavity between the bones.
2. A synovial membrane lining the synovial cavity.
3. Articular cartilage covering epiphysis of articulating bones.
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

12. Components of synovial joint
1. Epiphysis of articulating bones
2. Articular cartilage
3. Fibrous capsule
4. Synovial membrane
5. Synovial cavity
6. Blood vessels
7. Nerves
8. Accessory structures (e.g. ligaments, muscles)
9. Articular disc (knee joint and TMJ)
Watch dog action of capsule.
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

13. Structural classification
1.Plane joint
2.Hinge joint
3.Pivot joint
4.Condyloid joint
5.Ellipsoid joint
6.Saddle joint
7.Ball and socket joint
A/C to number of articulating
bones
• Simple joint
• Compound joint
• Complex joint
A/C to axis of movement
• Plane joint
• Uniaxial joint
• Biaxial joint
• Multiaxial joint
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

14. Plane joint
Intercapal joint
Intertarsal joint
Zygapophyseal joint
(Joint between
vertebral arches)9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

15. Elbow joint
Interphalangial joint
Ankle joint
Hinge joint
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

16. Superior radioulnar joint
Pivot Joint
Medial atlantoaxial joint
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

17. Radiocarpal joint (wrist joint)
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Metatarsophalangeal joint
Ellipsoid joint
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

18. Knee joint
(Is also modified hinge joint)
TM joint
(complex joint)
Bicondylar joint
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

19. Sternoclavicular joint (complex joint)
Saddle joint
First carpometacarpal joint
Calcaneocuboid joint
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

20. Shoulder joint
Hip joint
Ball and socket joint
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

21. Periarticular arterial plexus
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

22. Nerve supply (Hilton’s Law)
Nerves which supply a
joint, also furnish
branches to the group of
muscles regulating the
movements of the joint
and the skin over the
joint.
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

23. SprainDislocation
Reduction and
immobilization
R- rest
I- ice
C- compression
E - elevation9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

24. Osteroarthritis
• Due to wear and tear
• Large joint involved
• Affects old people
• No swelling of joint
Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Due to inflammation
• Small joints involved
• Affects any age group
• Swelling of joint
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

25. 9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

26. “There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard
work, and learning from failure.” – Colin Powell
9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year

27. 9/28/2016 anatomy of joints- MBBS/BDS first year