The heart is a hollow muscular organ located in the thorax between the lungs. It has 4 chambers - 2 atria that receive blood and 2 ventricles that pump blood out of the heart. The right side receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. The heart is surrounded by a membrane called the pericardium which restricts its movement and acts as a lubricated sac. It has 4 valves that ensure one-way blood flow through the heart chambers. The heart is supplied by the left and right coronary arteries and its venous drainage occurs through the coronary sinus into the right atrium.

1. HEART ANATOMYJesús A. Custodio MarroquínBy:Dr Mohammed FaezMedical Student VI Cycle – USAT University– Chiclayo – PeruMedical English1Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

2. HEARTA hollow muscular organ.Located in thoraxbetween 2 lungs.4 Chambers.4 Valves.2 Atriums & 2 Ventricles.2 separatepumps (R&L sides)Rightsidereceivesbloodfromthebody and sendsittothelungs (pulmonary)Leftsidereceivesbloodfromlungs and sendsittothebody (systemic)2Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

3. 3Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

4. HEARTThe heart is surrounded by membrane called Pericardium.4Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

5. The PericardiumThe pericardium is a fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels.The pericardium lies within the middle mediastinum.5Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

6. The PericardiumIts function is to restrict excessive movements of the heart as a whole and to serve as a lubricated container in which the different parts of the heart can contract.6Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

7. Heart WallEndocardiumdeepest layer of the heartsmooth lining to reduce friction of bloodflowMyocardiummiddle layer of the heartlocation of muscle fibers responsible for pumpingPericardiumouter protective layercomposed of :visceral pericardiumparicardial cavityparietal pericardium7Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

8. Heart Wall8Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

9. The Heart ChambersFour chambersTwo atria (Right and Left)Two ventricles (Right and Left)9Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

10. The Heart ChambersAtria Features small, thin-walled chambers Functions receiving chambers for blood returning to the heart from the circulation

11. push the blood into the adjacent ventricles.10Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

12. The Heart ChambersAtria Receive blood from Right side

13. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

14. Left side

15. Pulmonary Veins11Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

16. The Heart ChambersVentricles Features make up most of the mass of the heart

17. the walls of the left ventricle are 3X thicker than those of the right 12Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

18. The Heart ChambersVentricles Functions discharging chambers of the heart

19. propel blood to Pulmonary Trunk (right ventricle), Aorta (left ventricle) 13Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

20. The Right Atrium• Receives deoxygenated blood from the inferior vena cava below and from the superior vena cava above.14Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

21. The Right VentricleReceives blood from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve .15Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

22. The Left AtriumReceives oxygenated blood from four pulmonary veins which drain posteriorly.16Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

23. The Left AtriumThe mitral (bicuspid) valve guards the passage of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle.17Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

24. The Left VentricleThe wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle but the structure is similar. The thick wall is necessary to pump oxygenated blood at high pressure through the systemic circulation. 18Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

25. The Heart ValvesHeart valves ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heartComposed of an endocardium with a connective tissue core.Two major typesAtrioventricular valvesSemilunar valves19Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

26. 20Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

27. Atrioventricular (AV) ValvesAtrioventricular (AV) valves lie between the atria and the ventriclesR-AV valve = tricuspid valveL-AV valve = bicuspid or mitral valveAV valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria when ventricles contract21Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

28. Semilunar Heart ValvesSemilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventriclesAortic semilunar valve lies between the left ventricle and the aorta Pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunkHeart sounds (“lub-dup”) due to valves closing“Lub” - closing of atrioventricular valves“Dub”- closing of semilunar valves22Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

29. SemilunarValve23Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

30. The Heart ValvesAtrioventricular valves Semilunar valvesRight AV (Tricuspid)separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium.Left AV (Bicuspid)separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium.Pulmonary valveseparates the right ventricle from the pulmonary arteries. Prevents backflow after ventricular contraction.Aortic valveseparates the left ventricle from the aorta. Prevents backflow after ventricular contraction .24Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

31. The Heart ValvesPulmonarysemilunar valveRight AV(tricuspid)valveAorticsemilunar valveChordaitendineaePapillarymuscleLeft AV(bicuspid)valve25Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

32. Arterial Supply of the HeartThe arterial supply of the heart is provided by the right and left coronary arteries, which arise from the ascending aorta immediately above the aortic valve.26Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

33. Right coronary arteryBranchesRight marginal arteries (acute marginal artery)Posterior interventricular artery. (in post. IV sulcus)Sinoatrial nodal artery.Atrioventricular nodal artery.27Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín