The heart is a hollow muscular organ located in the thorax between the lungs. It has 4 chambers - 2 atria that receive blood and 2 ventricles that pump blood out of the heart. The right side receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. The heart is surrounded by a membrane called the pericardium which restricts its movement and acts as a lubricated sac. It has 4 valves that ensure one-way blood flow through the heart chambers. The heart is supplied by the left and right coronary arteries and its venous drainage occurs through the coronary sinus into the right atrium.

1. HEART ANATOMY Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín By: Dr Mohammed Faez Medical Student VI Cycle – USAT University– Chiclayo – Peru Medical English 1 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

2. HEART A hollow muscular organ. Located in thoraxbetween 2 lungs. 4 Chambers. 4 Valves. 2 Atriums & 2 Ventricles. 2 separatepumps (R&L sides) Rightsidereceivesbloodfromthebody and sendsittothelungs (pulmonary) Leftsidereceivesbloodfromlungs and sendsittothebody (systemic) 2 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

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4. HEART The heart is surrounded by membrane called Pericardium. 4 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

5. The Pericardium The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels. The pericardium lies within the middle mediastinum. 5 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

6. The Pericardium Its function is to restrict excessive movements of the heart as a whole and to serve as a lubricated container in which the different parts of the heart can contract. 6 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

7. Heart Wall Endocardium deepest layer of the heart smooth lining to reduce friction of bloodflow Myocardium middle layer of the heart location of muscle fibers responsible for pumping Pericardium outer protective layer composed of : visceral pericardium paricardial cavity parietal pericardium 7 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

8. Heart Wall 8 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

9. The Heart Chambers Four chambers Two atria (Right and Left) Two ventricles (Right and Left) 9 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

11. push the blood into the adjacent ventricles.10 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

13. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

14. Left side

15. Pulmonary Veins11 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

17. the walls of the left ventricle are 3X thicker than those of the right 12 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

19. propel blood to Pulmonary Trunk (right ventricle), Aorta (left ventricle) 13 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

20. The Right Atrium • Receives deoxygenated blood from the inferior vena cava below and from the superior vena cava above. 14 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

21. The Right Ventricle Receives blood from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve . 15 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

22. The Left Atrium Receives oxygenated blood from four pulmonary veins which drain posteriorly. 16 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

23. The Left Atrium The mitral (bicuspid) valve guards the passage of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle. 17 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

24. The Left Ventricle The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle but the structure is similar. The thick wall is necessary to pump oxygenated blood at high pressure through the systemic circulation. 18 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

25. The Heart Valves Heart valves ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart Composed of an endocardium with a connective tissue core. Two major types Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves 19 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

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27. Atrioventricular (AV) Valves Atrioventricular (AV) valves lie between the atria and the ventricles R-AV valve = tricuspid valve L-AV valve = bicuspid or mitral valve AV valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria when ventricles contract 21 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

28. Semilunar Heart Valves Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles Aortic semilunar valve lies between the left ventricle and the aorta Pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk Heart sounds (“lub-dup”) due to valves closing “Lub” - closing of atrioventricular valves “Dub”- closing of semilunar valves 22 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

29. SemilunarValve 23 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

30. The Heart Valves Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves Right AV (Tricuspid) separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium. Left AV (Bicuspid) separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium. Pulmonary valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary arteries. Prevents backflow after ventricular contraction. Aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta. Prevents backflow after ventricular contraction . 24 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

31. The Heart Valves Pulmonary semilunar valve Right AV (tricuspid) valve Aortic semilunar valve Chordai tendineae Papillary muscle Left AV (bicuspid) valve 25 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

32. Arterial Supply of the Heart The arterial supply of the heart is provided by the right and left coronary arteries, which arise from the ascending aorta immediately above the aortic valve. 26 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

33. Right coronary artery Branches Right marginal arteries (acute marginal artery) Posterior interventricular artery. (in post. IV sulcus) Sinoatrial nodal artery. Atrioventricular nodal artery. 27 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

34. Left coronary artery Branches Left anterior descending (LAD) or anterior interventricular artery. (lies in anterior IV sulcus) Septal branches. Diagonal branches Left marginal artery. (Obtuse marginal artery) Left circumflex artery. 28 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

35. Coronary Arteries 29 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

36. Venous Drainage of the Heart Most blood from the heart wall drains into the right atrium through the coronary sinus ,which lies in the posterior part of the atrioventricular groove . It is a continuation of the great cardiac vein. It opens into the right atrium to the left of the inferior vena cava 30 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

37. Venous Drainage of the Heart 31 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

38. Nerve Supply of the Heart The heart is innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers of the autonomic nervous system via the cardiac plexuses situated below the arch of the aorta. 32 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín

39. THANX 33 Jesús A. Custodio Marroquín