Development of eye.
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it describes the development of eye and accessory parts of the eye in details.
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Development of eye.
- 1. Development of eye To MBBS 2nd year Dr. Laxman Khanal Assistant professor, department of anatomy BPKIHS, Dharan 02-04-2017
- 2. Eye development : start at Day 22. Before NT closure - Day 25 to Day 28
- 3. Diencephalon of forebrain PAX 6 Key regulatory gene for eye development. Optic vesicleOptic groove Lens placode Optic stalk Optic cup
- 4. 1. Fibrous covering 2. Vascular covering (#ICC) 3. Nervous covering Limbus Equator
- 5. • Key steps - Formation of optic vesicle and optic stalk. • Optic vesicle/ stalk – neuro-ectodermal in origin. • Lumen of the optic vesicle is connected with the 3rd ventricle through the lumen of optic stalk.
- 6. • As the optic vesicle comes in contact with the surface ectoderm, it induces it to thicken and forms lens placode (primordium of lens), so lens is ectodermal (surface ectoderm) in origin. • As the lens vesicle is being formed, optic vesicle invaginates to form double-layered optic cup.
- 7. Choroidal fissure • Vascular mesoderm invade the fissure. • This mesoderm later form hyaloid vessels & vitrous humor. • Only the proximal part of these vessels persists as a central artery/vein of retina Up to now….. • Optic vesicle • Optic cup • Optic stalk • lens placode • Choroidal fissure
- 8. Development of Retina- two layers of optic cup Development of optic nerve- optic stalk (axons of ganglion cells) Retinal detachment: Separation of pigment epithelium from the neural layer.
- 9. Ora serrata • Ora serrata is the junction between photosensitive and non-photosensitive retina. • Lies between limbus and equator of eye ball.
- 10. Coloboma • Failure to close choroidal fissure • Key hole appearance in iris • Follow AD inheritance Retinal detachment • Medical emergency • Occurs between 2 layers of retina
- 11. Development of optic nerve • Second cranial nerve • Optic nerve encloses retinal vessels • Formed by axons of ganglionic cells • Covered by meningeal layers • Myelinated by Oligodendrocytes @ 7th week
- 12. Development of- • Iris • Ciliary body
- 13. Development of Iris Epithelium: both layers of retina (ant part) Stroma: mesenchyme Muscles: outer layer of retina
- 14. Development of ciliary body Epithelium: both layers of retina (ant part) Stroma: mesenchyme Muscles: mesenchyme Aqueous humor
- 15. Derivatives of optic cup • Retina • Dilator pupillae • Sphincter pupillae • Epithelium of the iris • Epithelium of ciliary body Derivatives of optic stalk Optic nerve
- 16. Mesoderm Posteriorly divide into two layers Anteriorly Vacuolization occurs Surface Ectoderm Double folding occurs Development of- • Sclera • Choroid • Cornea • Conjunctiva • Eyelids
- 19. Double folding of surface ectoderm give rise to the conjunctiva and eye lids.
- 20. Surface Ectoderm • Outer epithelium of cornea • Conjunctiva • Lining of eye lids • Tarsal gland • Eye lashes
- 21. Persistent iridopupillary membrane Congenital cataract TORCH infection
- 22. Aniridia Synophthalmia or CyclopiaLoss of midline structure • Alcohol • Maternal DM • Mutation of SHH (sonic hedgehog) • Abnormal cholesterol metabolism
- 23. Conclusion • The eyes begin to develop as a pair of outpocketings on each side of the forebrain at day 22. • The optic vesicles contact the surface ectoderm and induce lens formation. • Through a groove (the choroid Fissure), the hyaloid artery (later the central artery of the retina) enters the eye • PAX6, the master gene for eye development. • Cornea develops from both ectoderm and mesoderm.