There are three main types of joints in the body: fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. Fibrous joints are immovable, cartilaginous joints allow slight movement, and synovial joints allow free movement. There are six types of synovial joints including ball and socket, hinge, saddle, ellipsoid, pivot, and gliding joints. Synovial joints contain synovial fluid and are surrounded by a fibrous capsule. Key terms are used to describe body positions, planes, and types of movement including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and others.

1. Joints/Articulations
Where two or more bones come together
Anthrology = study of joints

2. Three types of Joints
A. Fibrous joint or Synarthrosis –
immovable to slightly moveable
• Two adjacent edges separated with a
small amount of fibrous tissue or a thin
layer of cartilage
Examples
1. Skull – joints called sutures

3. Three types of Joints
A. Fibrous joint or Synarthrosis – immovable to slightly moveable
• Two adjacent edges separate with a small amount of fibrous tissue or a thin layer of cartilage
Examples
1. Skull – joints called sutures
2. Gomphosis – tooth joins its bony socket

4. Three types of Joints
A. Fibrous joint or Synarthrosis – immovable to slightly moveable
• Two adjacent edges separate with a small amount of fibrous tissue or a thin layer of cartilage
Examples
1. Skull – joints called sutures
2. Gomphosis – tooth joins its bony socket
3. Syndesmosis – joint of ulna and radius
where slightly movable.

5. Three types of Joints
A. Fibrous joint or Synarthrosis
B. Cartilaginous joints or Amphiarthrosis
Two adjacent bones are separated by a
substantial amount of fibrocartilage or hyaline
which gives them mobility
Slightly movable
Examples
1. Vertebrae with disk cartilage

6. Three types of Joints
A. Fibrous joint or Synarthrosis
B. Cartilaginous joints or Amphiarthrosis
Two adjacent bones are separated by a substantial amount of fibrocartilage or hyaline which
gives them mobility
Examples
Vertebrae with disk cartilage
2. Pubic symphysis – pubic portions of pelvic
bone

7. Three types of Joints
A. Fibrous joint or Synarthrosis
B. Cartilaginous joints or Amphiarthrosis
Two adjacent bones are separated by a substantial amount of fibrocartilage or hyaline which
gives them mobility
Examples
1. Vertebrae with disk cartilage
2. Pubic symphysis – pubic portions of pelvic bone
3. Sacroiliac joint – where sacrum joins the
illium

8. c. Synovial joints or Diarthrosis
 Freely movable
 There are 6 kinds of synovial joints
 Characteristic – ends of bones
covered with articular cartilage

9. c. Synovial joints or Diathrosis
 Freely movable
 There are 6 kinds of synovial joints
 Characteristic – ends of bones covered with articular cartilage
Anatomy of the Synovial Joint
Joint is surrounded by an outer joint capsule
called the fibrous capsule which is an
extension of the periosteum which forms
ligaments.

10. Anatomy of the Synovial Joint
Joint is surrounded by an outer joint capsule called the fibrous capsule which is an
extension of the periosteum which forms ligaments
Bursa = articular capsule extends way beyond
the joint and is filled with fluid to cushion
Bursitis = inflammation of the bursa

11. Anatomy of the Synovial Joint
Synovial Membrane – inner membrane that
produces the synovial fluid which is a
slipper liquid to reduce friction

12. Six major types of synovial joints:
1. Ball and socket joint:
Has most freedom of movement
can move in all directions and
also rotate
Example – hip and shoulder

14. Six major types of synovial joints:
1. Ball and socket joint
2. Hinge joint
 The convex surface of one bone
fits into the concave surface of
another
 Permits movement in one
plane only
 Ex. Elbow, phalanges, knee

16. Six major types of synovial joints:
1. Ball and socket joint
2. Hinge joint
3.Saddle joint
 Both bones have articulating concave
and convex regions
 One bone fits the complementary
surface of the other
 Variety of movement in two planes, all
but rotation
 Examples: Carpal and Metacarpel of
thumb
 More motion than hinge, less ball/socket

18. Six major types of synovial joints:
1. Ball and socket joint
2. Hinge joint
3. Saddle joint
4. Ellipsoid
 Ovoid condyle of one bone fits into the
elliptical cavity of another
 Movement forward and backwards,
left and right, but no rotation
 Ex. Metacarpals to phalanges,
mandible to temporal bone

20. Six major types of synovial joints:
1. Ball and socket joint
2. Hinge joint
3. Saddle joint
4. Ellipsoid
5. Pivot
 The cylindrical surface of one bone
rotates within a ring of bone and
fibrous tissue of a ligament
 Permits rotational movement only
 Ex. Atlas and axis of neck and radius
and ulna

22. Six major types of synovial joints:
1. Ball and socket joint
2. Hinge joint
3. Saddle joint
4. Ellipsoid
5. Pivot
6. Gliding
 The articulating surfaces are flat or
nearly curved.
 Allows bones to move a little bit in all
directions by sliding over each other.
 Ex. Wrist, ankle, vertebra

23. gliding

24. Anatomical terms:
Anatomical position – the body is
assumed to be standing, the feet together,
the arms to the side, and the head and
eyes and palms of the hands facing
forwards.
Anterior = front
Posterior = back

25. Motion and terms of motion:
Midline – imaginary line that runs down
center of the body
Midsagital plane – runs through the body
at the midline
Lateral – way from the midline
Medial – toward the midline

26. anterior
posterior

27. Terms of Movement of joints:
Extension – straighten joint –
increasing the angle between the two
bones
Flexion – decreasing the angle
between the two bones

28. Extension and Flexion

29. Movement of joints
Plantar flexion –movement of the ankle
so that you can stand on your toes.
Dorsiflexion – movement of the ankle to
decrease the angle between your foot
and tibia.

31. Terms of Movement of joints
Abduction - moving body part
away from the midline of the body
Adduction – moving the body part
toward the midline of the body

33. Terms of Movement of joints :
Circumduction – circular rotation of a ball
and socket joint

34. :
Terms of Movement of joints
Rotation – movement in which a body
part moves about an axis
Medial rotation – rotation towards the
midline
Lateral rotation – rotation away from
the midline

36. Movement of joints :
Pronation - rotating the palm of the hand
backward or opposite the anatomical
position
Supination – rotating the palm of the hand
forward or into anatomical position

37. pronation
supination

38. Movement of joints:
Inversion – rotation of the sole of the foot
inward
Eversion- rotation of the sole of the foot
outward