1. Allomorphs are different pronunciations of the same morpheme. For example, the plural morpheme -s has allomorphs [s], [z], and [iz]. The choice of allomorph depends on phonological rules, not morphology. 2. Phonology is the study of sound patterns in a language. Each phoneme has one or more allophones, which are the actual sounds used in different environments. For example, [i] and [æ] are allophones of different vowel phonemes in English. 3. Allophones are phonetic realizations of phonemes that vary based on surrounding sounds. For example, the phoneme /t/ has

1. allophone & allomorph and
sound pattern of language
Sudarmono
157835053
S2 Pend Bhs Ing

2. Points to discuss
• 1. introduction
• 2. allomorph
• 3. sound pattern of language
• 4. allophone

3. Introduction
Study about the word must be related to
• The form
• The sound
• The meaning
• The structure
Study about form of word is called as
Morphology

4. Introduction
A glance of morphology
• Morphemes can be taught of as the minimal
units of Morphology, they are not merely the
smallest units of grammatical structure but
also the smallest meaningful units.
(Crastairs,2002)
• For example:
Helpfulness = help + ful + ness

5. Discussion
• It has three morphemes
- Help
- Helpful
- Helpfulness
Other examples:
Readable
Hearing
Performance

6. Allomorph
• In fact many morphemes have two or more
different pronunciations, called Allomorphs,
(McCathy, 2002)
• The plurals of English
A noun formed plural is added by –s
Cat – Cats
Dog – Dogs
Horse – Horses

7. Discussion
• This –s suffix has three allomorphs in plural
forms
[s] as in cats or lamps, caps, cuffs, faiths
[z] as in dogs or days, boys, bags, calls
[iz] or [ez] as in horses or judges, buses, garages,
matches

8. Discussion
• Allomorph occurs unconsciously related to
phonological process.
• When we have to decide which allomorph to
use, the decision is to think itself. it can be
called Allomorphy.
• Allomorphy is a study about the choice of
allomorph

9. Discussion
• Even It depend so much on phonology, not
morphology at all.
Example:
Lie – Lies
The plural form comes with allomorph [z]
If ‘Lies’ sounded with [s] or [iz], the word will
break some rule of English Phonology.

10. Discussion
Actual word
‘Lies’ sounds with [s], that would be word of
‘Lice or Louse (plural)’
Replacing with (ez) it at least the plural of noun
‘lia’ and is an actual word (liars)
Liar is pronounced without an r-sound

11. Discussion
• In some cases the voiceless consonant
Wife – the plural is not ‘Wifes’ but ‘Wives’
Loaf – the plural is not ‘Loafs’ but ‘Loaves’
For some reason to do with grammar or with
the structure of the language.

12. Discussion
• Identifying morphemes of independently
meaning.
• Contributing meaning “again”
Ex: rewrite, reread, repaint, revisit
• The same prefix occurs in verbs, such as
revive, return, restore, revise.
• It may seem [ri] and [re] as allomorphs of the
same morpheme.
So, prefix plus root is called monomorphemic

13. Phonology
• Phonology is the sound patterns of language
• The study of how speech sounds form
patterns.
• g is silent in word ‘sign’ but is pronounced in
word ‘signature’. Autumn and Autumnal.
Bomb and Bombard.
• the slippery n in autumn and autumnal, or b in
bomb and bombard.

14. Discussion
• English has nasalized vowels but only in
syllables with nasal consonants.
• Like in word ‘song’ – the velar nasal – [ŋ]
• It cannot begin in English but it can in
Vietnamese such as ‘Nguyen’
• French or Spanish put nasal vowels anywhere.
Such as pan [pæn] become [pæŋ]
Check this video…

15. Video

16. Phonology
• The sounds form different patterns in different
languages.
• The word phonology refers both to the
linguistic knowledge that speakers have about
the sound patterns of their language and to
the description of that knowledge that
linguists try to produce. (Rodhman, 2011)

17. Allophone
• In Phonology, there is the phonological units
of language called phonemes.
• Phonemes are what we have been calling the
basic form of a sound and are sensed in your
mind rather than spoken or heard. (Hyams,
2011)

18. Discussion
• Each phoneme has associated with it one or
more sounds, called Allophones, which
represent the actual sound corresponding to
the phoneme in various environments.
(Fromkin, 2011)
• Example:
[i] in bead and [æ] in bad
They are sounds from different phonemes.

19. Discussion
• In English, each vowel phoneme has both an
oral and a nasalized allophone.
• To distinguish between a phoneme and its
allophones, use slashes / / for phoneme and
use square brackets [ ] for allophones.
• For example
[i] and [ĩ] are allophones of the phoneme /i/
[I] and [ĩ] are allophones of the phoneme /I/

20. Allophone of /t/
• Tick [tʰɪk]
• Stick [stɪk]
• Hits [hɪts]
• Bitter [bɪɾər]
A phoneme /t/ has three allophones [tʰ] [t] and
[ɾ]

21. REFERENCES
Fromkin, V., Rodhman., Hyams, N. 2011. An Introduction to Language.
(9th ed.). Australia: Wadsworth, Cenage Learning.
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. 2002. An Introduction to English Morphology
Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh University Press.