Assigment Study of Morphology and Syntax about " Morpheme & Allomorph" Lecturer : Budi Hammudin, M.Esl English education department faculty of education and teachers training Lancang kuning university

2. What is
Morpheme ?

3. • Definitions: A morpheme is the smallest
linguistics units that carries
meaning.
• Example: un+system+atic+al+ly

4. • One morpheme boy (one syllable)
desire, lady, water (two
syllables)
crocodile (three syllables)
salamander (four syllables), or
more syllables
• Two morpheme boy + ish
desire + able
• Three morpheme boy + ish + ness
desire + able + ity
• Four morpheme gentle + man + li + ness
un + desire + able + ity
• More than four un + gentle + man + li + ness
anti + dis + establish + ment +
ari + an + ism

5. THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF MORPHEMES :
1. FREE MORPHEME
2. BOUND MORPHEME
MORPHEMES
BOUND
MORPHEME
FREE MORPHEME

6. • Free morphemes are those that can stand alone as
words.
• Example:
- {girl}
- {system}
- {desire}
- {hope}
- {act}
- {phone}
- {happy}
All of these morphems are free morpheme

7.  Gramatical units that never occurs by it self, but is
always attached to some other morpheme.
 Example : Un-Happy.
* Happy is the original
morpheme.
* Un is the Bound
morphemes.
“Un, ness, lu, hood, dis, and ant”, they are all bound
morphemes

8. Whereas “free morphemes”
constitutes words by
themselves,
“bound morpheme” are never
words but always part of word.

9. The core different between the two being that the addition of
the derivational morphemes creates a new words or mostly
changes the word clasess/identity/category ; while the
addition of the inflectiona morphemes merely changes word
form.
BOUND MORPHEME
INFLECTIONAL
MORPHEME
DERIVATIONAL
MORPHEME

10.  DERIVATIONAL MORPHEME : bound
morpheme used to create new word. New word with
a new meaning.
• N + Derivational Morpheme --> Adj.
Ex. Boy + ish,
• Verb + Derivational Morpheme --> Noun Ex.
Acquitt + al, clear + ance
• Adj. + Derivational Morpheme --> Adverb
Ex. Exact + ly, quiet + ly

11. Main criteria for
derivational morpheme :
 Create a new words with a different
meaning
 Change the word class of the base
Note : Not all derivational morpheme
change word class !!

12.  INFLECTIONAL MORPHEME : change the
form but not the word class or the central
meaning of the word.
 Main function : marking grammatical distinction
Cat VS. Cats >> Singular VS. Plural
Collects VS. Collected >> Present VS. Past
Loud VS. Louder >> Positive VS. Comparative

13. Wheter or not word class changes
and how significantly meaning is
affected, “derivation” always
creates new word existing one ;
while “inflection” is merely limited to
change word form.

14. What is Allomorph ?

15. Definitions :
“An Allomorph is one of two or more
complementary morph (the phonetic
realization of morpheme), which manifest a
morpheme in its different phonological or
morphological environments”.
 Allomorph refers to a variant of a morpheme.
Such variance occurs due to the phonological
conditioning of the surrounding sounds

16. Cat (s) / kaets /
Dog (s) / dᴐgz /
Horse (s) / hᴐ:səz /

17.  ZERO ALLOMORPH is the term given to
the unit involved when a morpheme
change status form one type of
morpheme to another without any
condition or subtraction of its parts.
 EXAMPLE:
Sheep (singular) + Ø → Sheep (plural)
Lawyer (singular) + Ø → Lawyer (plural)

18. THANK YOU
