Phonology is the study of the sound systems of spoken human languages. It examines the production of speech sounds, the structure and patterning of sounds in a given language, and how sounds combine and change depending on their environment. Phonology has several branches including phonemics, which studies phonemes - the basic units of sound that distinguish meaning. It also examines related concepts like allophones, morphophonemes, and phones. The systematic study of a language's phonology can provide insight into how and why sounds change over time and vary between dialects.

1. Importance of phonology

2. Phonology
• phonology came from a Greek word
• Phono ( voice, Sound)
• Logy (Speech, discussion)

3. what is phonology ?
• the study of the structure and systematic
pattern of the sound in human language .
• the study of production of speech sound .

5. Branches of phonology
• Phonemic
• Phonetic

6. Terms in phonology
• Phoneme :basic unit of speech combined with
other phonemes to from meaningful words.
• phoneme is physical realization.
Ex /kill/ and /kiss/ is the result of the exchange of
single phoneme /l/ and /s/.
• Cap/Cab Rot/Lot
• Allophone: allo means Combination and phone
means (voice or sound).
Ex: Pin /Ph
/ spin

7. term of phonology
• Morphophoneme: is the combination of
phoneme.
Ex : letter (A)
Word (apple)
Sentence ( this is an Apple)
Ex . hats and dogs
[s] is the sound in hats and [z] is the sound
in Dogs .

8. terms of phonology
• Phone: is the unit of speech sound
• phone is abstract.
• Ex . /pink/ /ph
ink/
/pen/ /ph
en/
/pin/ /ph
in/.

9. Role of phonology

10. Basic knowledge of phonology
• Is that we can break new words down
understand the real sound or
pronunciation of the word and to explain
why it sound the way it dose.
• Phonology also deal with the area of
stress,rhymth and innotation which can
have direct affect on meaning,questioning
form or understanding.

11. why study phonology
• Sound chamges depending on the
environment they are produced in.
Phonology aim is to study these sounds
and discover why this happen.it It allow
phonologist to discover the different rules
for combining different sounds and it also
help them to find different rules of various
different languages.

12. Example of Phonology
• you can look at how sound system have
changed over period of time.
old speakers pronounce the word 'tune'
with /y/ but younger speaker pronounce
the word 'tune' with /ch/.
• you can also use phonology with in the
country to look at specifc dialect and
compare them.

13. a/an and phonological rule
• we all know the ruel : a before a
consonant, an before vewol but according
to phonological rule a before 'a' consonant
phoneme and 'an' before a vowel
phoneme
• he is honest man.
• I have university degree.