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Acute otitis media
Acute otitis media is an infection and inflammation of the middle ear cleft and eustachian tube that typically lasts less than 3 weeks. It is usually caused by bacteria like streptococcus pneumoniae or viruses like RSV. Children are more susceptible due to factors like horizontal eustachian tubes and smaller lumens. Symptoms include earache, discharge, fever, irritability, and hearing loss. Treatment involves antibiotics, nasal decongestants, steam, analgesics, and antihistamines. Complications can affect the inner ear, mastoid bone, or brain and include hearing loss, perforation, and infections.
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Acute otitis media
- 1.
- 2. Pathology • Inflammation ofthe middle ear cleft mucosa and associated ET tube • Acute < 3 weeks • Originate as an infection – bacterial, viral • Bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Morexella catarrhalis ; infants ~20% Gm –ve enterobacteria • Viruses isolated in 4% RSV, Influenza • Causes a blocked ET middle ear fluid
- 3. Children • Horizontal ET •Smaller Lumen • RTI
- 4. Symptoms • Ear ache • Discharge • Hearing Loss • Fever • Irritability
- 5. Signs • General Fever Toxic • Local Red TM Perforation Free Field tests HL WT RT (-) ve VII / Nystagmus (complications) Mastoiditis
- 6. Diagnosis • Clinical • Culture+ ABST • PTA / Tympanogram
- 7. Treatment • Antibiotics - Amoxycillin, Co–Amoxyclav • Nasal Decongestants • Steam • Anti-pyretic • Analgesics • Anti-histamines
- 8. Complications Intratemporal • CHL,SNHL • Perforation • Retraction pocket • Cholestetoma • Tympanosclerosis • Ossicular chain fixation or disconiniuity • Mastoiditis • Petrositis / Gradenigo • Labyrinthitis • PLF • VII • Cholesterol granuloma
- 9. Complications Intracranial • Extra-dural Abscess • Meningitis • Sub-dural empyema • Focal otitic encephalitis • Lateral Sinus thrombosis • Otitic hydrocephalus • Intracerebral Abscess