This document discusses various ear, nose, and throat problems that may present in the emergency department. It covers conditions like airway obstruction, stridor, epistaxis, foreign bodies in the nose, vertigo, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, perichondritis, mastoiditis, otitis externa, otitis media, and traumatic ear perforations. For each problem, it provides details on symptoms, examinations, differential diagnoses, and management principles. The document aims to educate physicians on evaluating and treating common ENT emergencies.
The document summarizes the anatomy and functions of the nose. It describes the external structure of the nose including the pyramidal shape with a root and apex. Internally, it notes the nasal cavity is divided by the septum into two chambers lined with mucous membrane. It also discusses the frontal sinuses, nasal conchae/turbinates, blood supply, nerve innervation, sense of smell, conditions like sinusitis and its treatments, nasal polyps, rhinitis, and nasal vestibulitis.
This document discusses conductive hearing loss, which occurs when sound is not properly conducted from the outer ear to the inner ear. Common causes of conductive hearing loss include cerumen impaction, middle ear fluid, and fixation of the small bones in the ear. The document describes various causes of conductive hearing loss affecting the outer ear, such as infections, trauma, tumors, and congenital abnormalities, as well as middle ear causes like otitis media, cholesteatoma, and otosclerosis. Diagnostic tests for conductive hearing loss include the Weber test, Rinne test, tympanometry, and audiometry to measure air and bone conduction thresholds.
Leading a busy life with multiple roles, medical consultants need to balance work with rest of the life. Here I discuss GTD principles and applying it to our lives
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and thyroid surgeryMTD Lakshan
This presentation discusses the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and its relevance to thyroid surgery. It covers the surgical anatomy of the RLN, including its origin, relationship to surrounding structures like the inferior thyroid artery, and anatomical variations. Risks of injury to the RLN during thyroid surgery are reviewed. The presentation emphasizes identifying the RLN to reduce risks of temporary or permanent paralysis, with identification allowing average permanent paralysis rates of 0.9% with localization only versus 0.1% with complete dissection. Factors like anatomical variations, branching patterns, scarring, and extent of disease must be considered during dissection to prevent mechanical, thermal, or severing injuries to the nerve.
Managing Upper airway problems in children for ENT / Paediatric / Anaesthetic...MTD Lakshan
Here I discuss approach to managing an obstructed upper airway of a child. Details about clinical assessment, investigations and management stratergies are outlined.
This document discusses various ear, nose, and throat problems that may present in the emergency department. It covers conditions like airway obstruction, stridor, epistaxis, foreign bodies in the nose, vertigo, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, perichondritis, mastoiditis, otitis externa, otitis media, and traumatic ear perforations. For each problem, it provides details on symptoms, examinations, differential diagnoses, and management principles. The document aims to educate physicians on evaluating and treating common ENT emergencies.
The document summarizes the anatomy and functions of the nose. It describes the external structure of the nose including the pyramidal shape with a root and apex. Internally, it notes the nasal cavity is divided by the septum into two chambers lined with mucous membrane. It also discusses the frontal sinuses, nasal conchae/turbinates, blood supply, nerve innervation, sense of smell, conditions like sinusitis and its treatments, nasal polyps, rhinitis, and nasal vestibulitis.
This document discusses conductive hearing loss, which occurs when sound is not properly conducted from the outer ear to the inner ear. Common causes of conductive hearing loss include cerumen impaction, middle ear fluid, and fixation of the small bones in the ear. The document describes various causes of conductive hearing loss affecting the outer ear, such as infections, trauma, tumors, and congenital abnormalities, as well as middle ear causes like otitis media, cholesteatoma, and otosclerosis. Diagnostic tests for conductive hearing loss include the Weber test, Rinne test, tympanometry, and audiometry to measure air and bone conduction thresholds.
Leading a busy life with multiple roles, medical consultants need to balance work with rest of the life. Here I discuss GTD principles and applying it to our lives
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and thyroid surgeryMTD Lakshan
This presentation discusses the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and its relevance to thyroid surgery. It covers the surgical anatomy of the RLN, including its origin, relationship to surrounding structures like the inferior thyroid artery, and anatomical variations. Risks of injury to the RLN during thyroid surgery are reviewed. The presentation emphasizes identifying the RLN to reduce risks of temporary or permanent paralysis, with identification allowing average permanent paralysis rates of 0.9% with localization only versus 0.1% with complete dissection. Factors like anatomical variations, branching patterns, scarring, and extent of disease must be considered during dissection to prevent mechanical, thermal, or severing injuries to the nerve.
Managing Upper airway problems in children for ENT / Paediatric / Anaesthetic...MTD Lakshan
Here I discuss approach to managing an obstructed upper airway of a child. Details about clinical assessment, investigations and management stratergies are outlined.
Here I discuss about the current management guidelines from British Thyroid Association and American Thyroid Association comparing those with the current practice in Sri Lanka
This document provides classifications in various areas of ENT, including head and neck cancer TNM staging, otology classifications like chronic otitis media and presbyacusis, rhinology classifications like nasal polyps and fungal sinusitis, head and neck benign classifications like tonsil size grading and pharyngeal pouch classification, paediatric ENT classifications like croup grading and hemifacial microsomia, and other miscellaneous ENT classifications. The classifications are used for staging diseases, making management decisions, predicting outcomes, monitoring progress, and comparing data.
Portfolio Project - Simple yet versatile mobile friendly portfolio system for...MTD Lakshan
This document describes a portfolio project to create a home-brewed software solution for portfolio management. It aims to develop a minimum burden, reliable, accessible, simple, and multimedia capable portfolio system that is assessment ready and less technical. The system started development in 2010 using Drupal, an open source content management system. It allows data entry for a variety of portfolio elements such as academic qualifications, employment details, logbook entries, research publications, reflections, teaching, and professional commitments. The document demonstrates the mobile data entry features and discusses future plans to add offline data entry, mobile apps, integrated point calculation, categorization, accreditation, and usage data collection.
Using information technology in medical professionalismMTD Lakshan
This document discusses using information technology in medical professionalism. It presents several case scenarios of using technology: a home-brewed portfolio system to track knowledge, skills, and attitudes; virtual multidisciplinary team meetings to overcome barriers like distance; and professional websites and social media presences guided by ethical standards. The objectives are to illustrate sensible technology uses beyond conventional internet applications and overcome challenges like geographical barriers through solutions like video conferencing and mobile apps for daily medical tasks.
This document discusses the surgical management of benign thyroid disease. It covers:
1) Evaluation of thyroid enlargement including clinical examination, FNAC, ultrasound, and TSH levels.
2) Surgical principles including pre-operative, per-operative, and post-operative care.
3) Surgical options for thyroid enlargement including lobectomy, isthmusectomy, and total thyroidectomy.
4) Potential complications of thyroid surgery including recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hypocalcemia, and bleeding.
Vertigo is an illusion of movement that can be rotatory or postural. The clinical evaluation of patients with vertigo involves determining if they have true vertigo or other similar symptoms, identifying the type of vertigo, assessing precipitating and accompanying factors, and performing a neuro-otological examination. Common causes of vertigo include BPPV, vestibular migraine, Meniere's disease, and vestibular neuronitis. Management depends on correct diagnosis and may involve medications, repositioning maneuvers like the Epley maneuver for BPPV, or surgery.
This document discusses obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), including its prevalence, risk factors, clinical diagnosis, investigations, and management options. Some key points include:
- OSA is underdiagnosed, with 80-90% of cases estimated to be undiagnosed.
- The 3S criteria (snoring, sleepiness, witnessed apneas) can help with clinical diagnosis. Questionnaires like STOP-Bang are also useful.
- Polysomnography is needed to confirm diagnosis and determine severity based on apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).
- Management involves patient education, behavioral changes like weight loss, and treatments ranging from oral appliances to CPAP to sur
Common ENT casualties / emergencies and management strategiesMTD Lakshan
This document provides an overview of common ENT emergencies and casualties that general practitioners may encounter. It discusses acute airway obstruction, otology issues like otitis externa and media, rhinologic emergencies including epistaxis, and various head and neck problems such as tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, and foreign bodies. Management strategies are outlined for these conditions. The document concludes with asking for feedback on the educational lecture via text message.
This document lists the names of various scientists, physicians, and researchers in otolaryngology and identifies anatomical structures, surgical procedures, medical instruments, or other discoveries/contributions that are named after them. It includes scientists such as Frederich Bezold, Bartholomeus Eustachius, Theodor Bilroth, Prosper Meniere, Adam Politzer, and Eugene Bouchut among many others.
Post-operative care involves monitoring the patient's ABCDEs and vital signs. Oxygen therapy is usually provided until the anaesthetic dissipates. Specific considerations depend on the surgery and may involve drain monitoring, stoma care, or extensive physiotherapy. Pain assessment and management is fundamental, using tools like scales and working with a multi-disciplinary team using medication, positioning, and early mobilization. Mobility should begin within 24 hours to prevent complications while monitoring the patient's condition and risks.
This is the presentation by Dr. Padmal De Silva - Head of the Research Unit, National Institute of Health Sciences, Sri Lanka done on the inauguration of Medical Research Consortium. http://learnent.net/research-symposium-dgh-hambantota/
This document summarizes different types of ossicular reconstruction surgeries. It begins by classifying middle ear surgeries into 5 types based on concepts of sound transformation and protection proposed by Horst Ludwig Wullstein. It then describes the different types of tympanoplasty procedures in more detail, focusing on Types 2 and 3. Type 2 involves reconstructing the ossicular chain to restore the lever mechanism using prostheses, bone struts, or bone cement. Type 3 procedures directly connect the tympanic membrane to either the stapes or incus using various graft materials or prostheses like the stapes columella, minor columella, or major columella. The document provides examples of synthetic and bi
a basic description of temporal bone anatomy which is necessary for primary radiologic evaluation of temporal bone imaging and some important points and differential diagnoses in related imaging.
This document discusses diagnostic tools for common peripheral vestibular disorders. It describes how a thorough history, physical exam, imaging, and audio-vestibular tests are needed to accurately diagnose the underlying cause of vertigo. Specific disorders like BPPV, Meniere's disease, and vestibular neuritis are examined in terms of their characteristic symptoms, diagnostic criteria and tests. Superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome is also overviewed, with an emphasis on its variable clinical presentations and diagnosis using imaging and VEMP testing.
Pharyngeal pouch, also known as Zenker's diverticulum, is a pulsion diverticulum that arises between the thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus muscles in an area of weakness. It is the most common type of posterior pharyngeal pouch. Zenker's diverticulum usually presents in older adults, affecting men more often than women. Symptoms include dysphagia, regurgitation of food, and halitosis. Treatment involves surgical excision of the diverticulum. While the exact cause is unknown, it is hypothesized to be related to the large size and oblique orientation of the pharyngeal muscles in humans, creating regions of weakness where the divert
Neck lumps are common and can arise from a variety of structures in the neck. Most neck lumps are benign, but those exhibiting symptoms of potential malignancy like enlarged lymph nodes require prompt investigation and treatment. A history and physical exam can often identify the cause of the lump based on location and characteristics. Common benign causes of neck lumps include salivary gland calculi, thyroglossal cysts, and branchial cysts. Malignant causes indicate the need for further testing such as biopsy.
This document provides secrets and tips for success in tympanomastoid surgeries based on the experiences of Dr. Prahlada N B. The key points discussed include:
- Carefully selecting appropriate cases and understanding when not to operate.
- Using good anesthesia techniques like local anesthesia along with general anesthesia.
- Choosing the right surgical approach and technique for each individual patient.
- Mastering incision methods like endaural incisions.
- Performing procedures like canalplasty to improve outcomes.
- Considering whether cortical mastoidectomy is needed in each case.
- Perfecting ossiculoplasty and grafting techniques.
- Providing good post-operative
This document provides an overview of neck dissection procedures. It discusses the history and evolution of neck dissection, from Kocher's initial proposal in 1880 to remove nodal metastases to more modern classifications. The surgical anatomy of neck structures is described in detail. Levels of cervical lymph nodes are defined based on boundaries of bones, muscles, blood vessels and nerves. Staging of head and neck cancers using the TNM system is explained. Factors affecting nodal metastasis and techniques for assessing cervical lymph nodes are also summarized.
This document provides a systematic approach for general practitioners to evaluate neck masses in patients. It begins with an overview of the aim and scope, which is to give GPs a structured process to diagnose neck masses through understanding neck anatomy and common pathologies. The document then reviews neck anatomy, focusing on major structures and lymph node levels. It stresses the importance of obtaining a thorough history and physical exam of the neck mass and surrounding areas to determine the enlarged structure and potential diagnoses. The goal is to correctly identify the issue and order appropriate tests to make a diagnosis in most cases.
Here I discuss about the current management guidelines from British Thyroid Association and American Thyroid Association comparing those with the current practice in Sri Lanka
This document provides classifications in various areas of ENT, including head and neck cancer TNM staging, otology classifications like chronic otitis media and presbyacusis, rhinology classifications like nasal polyps and fungal sinusitis, head and neck benign classifications like tonsil size grading and pharyngeal pouch classification, paediatric ENT classifications like croup grading and hemifacial microsomia, and other miscellaneous ENT classifications. The classifications are used for staging diseases, making management decisions, predicting outcomes, monitoring progress, and comparing data.
Portfolio Project - Simple yet versatile mobile friendly portfolio system for...MTD Lakshan
This document describes a portfolio project to create a home-brewed software solution for portfolio management. It aims to develop a minimum burden, reliable, accessible, simple, and multimedia capable portfolio system that is assessment ready and less technical. The system started development in 2010 using Drupal, an open source content management system. It allows data entry for a variety of portfolio elements such as academic qualifications, employment details, logbook entries, research publications, reflections, teaching, and professional commitments. The document demonstrates the mobile data entry features and discusses future plans to add offline data entry, mobile apps, integrated point calculation, categorization, accreditation, and usage data collection.
Using information technology in medical professionalismMTD Lakshan
This document discusses using information technology in medical professionalism. It presents several case scenarios of using technology: a home-brewed portfolio system to track knowledge, skills, and attitudes; virtual multidisciplinary team meetings to overcome barriers like distance; and professional websites and social media presences guided by ethical standards. The objectives are to illustrate sensible technology uses beyond conventional internet applications and overcome challenges like geographical barriers through solutions like video conferencing and mobile apps for daily medical tasks.
This document discusses the surgical management of benign thyroid disease. It covers:
1) Evaluation of thyroid enlargement including clinical examination, FNAC, ultrasound, and TSH levels.
2) Surgical principles including pre-operative, per-operative, and post-operative care.
3) Surgical options for thyroid enlargement including lobectomy, isthmusectomy, and total thyroidectomy.
4) Potential complications of thyroid surgery including recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hypocalcemia, and bleeding.
Vertigo is an illusion of movement that can be rotatory or postural. The clinical evaluation of patients with vertigo involves determining if they have true vertigo or other similar symptoms, identifying the type of vertigo, assessing precipitating and accompanying factors, and performing a neuro-otological examination. Common causes of vertigo include BPPV, vestibular migraine, Meniere's disease, and vestibular neuronitis. Management depends on correct diagnosis and may involve medications, repositioning maneuvers like the Epley maneuver for BPPV, or surgery.
This document discusses obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), including its prevalence, risk factors, clinical diagnosis, investigations, and management options. Some key points include:
- OSA is underdiagnosed, with 80-90% of cases estimated to be undiagnosed.
- The 3S criteria (snoring, sleepiness, witnessed apneas) can help with clinical diagnosis. Questionnaires like STOP-Bang are also useful.
- Polysomnography is needed to confirm diagnosis and determine severity based on apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).
- Management involves patient education, behavioral changes like weight loss, and treatments ranging from oral appliances to CPAP to sur
Common ENT casualties / emergencies and management strategiesMTD Lakshan
This document provides an overview of common ENT emergencies and casualties that general practitioners may encounter. It discusses acute airway obstruction, otology issues like otitis externa and media, rhinologic emergencies including epistaxis, and various head and neck problems such as tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, and foreign bodies. Management strategies are outlined for these conditions. The document concludes with asking for feedback on the educational lecture via text message.
This document lists the names of various scientists, physicians, and researchers in otolaryngology and identifies anatomical structures, surgical procedures, medical instruments, or other discoveries/contributions that are named after them. It includes scientists such as Frederich Bezold, Bartholomeus Eustachius, Theodor Bilroth, Prosper Meniere, Adam Politzer, and Eugene Bouchut among many others.
Post-operative care involves monitoring the patient's ABCDEs and vital signs. Oxygen therapy is usually provided until the anaesthetic dissipates. Specific considerations depend on the surgery and may involve drain monitoring, stoma care, or extensive physiotherapy. Pain assessment and management is fundamental, using tools like scales and working with a multi-disciplinary team using medication, positioning, and early mobilization. Mobility should begin within 24 hours to prevent complications while monitoring the patient's condition and risks.
This is the presentation by Dr. Padmal De Silva - Head of the Research Unit, National Institute of Health Sciences, Sri Lanka done on the inauguration of Medical Research Consortium. http://learnent.net/research-symposium-dgh-hambantota/
This document summarizes different types of ossicular reconstruction surgeries. It begins by classifying middle ear surgeries into 5 types based on concepts of sound transformation and protection proposed by Horst Ludwig Wullstein. It then describes the different types of tympanoplasty procedures in more detail, focusing on Types 2 and 3. Type 2 involves reconstructing the ossicular chain to restore the lever mechanism using prostheses, bone struts, or bone cement. Type 3 procedures directly connect the tympanic membrane to either the stapes or incus using various graft materials or prostheses like the stapes columella, minor columella, or major columella. The document provides examples of synthetic and bi
a basic description of temporal bone anatomy which is necessary for primary radiologic evaluation of temporal bone imaging and some important points and differential diagnoses in related imaging.
This document discusses diagnostic tools for common peripheral vestibular disorders. It describes how a thorough history, physical exam, imaging, and audio-vestibular tests are needed to accurately diagnose the underlying cause of vertigo. Specific disorders like BPPV, Meniere's disease, and vestibular neuritis are examined in terms of their characteristic symptoms, diagnostic criteria and tests. Superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome is also overviewed, with an emphasis on its variable clinical presentations and diagnosis using imaging and VEMP testing.
Pharyngeal pouch, also known as Zenker's diverticulum, is a pulsion diverticulum that arises between the thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus muscles in an area of weakness. It is the most common type of posterior pharyngeal pouch. Zenker's diverticulum usually presents in older adults, affecting men more often than women. Symptoms include dysphagia, regurgitation of food, and halitosis. Treatment involves surgical excision of the diverticulum. While the exact cause is unknown, it is hypothesized to be related to the large size and oblique orientation of the pharyngeal muscles in humans, creating regions of weakness where the divert
Neck lumps are common and can arise from a variety of structures in the neck. Most neck lumps are benign, but those exhibiting symptoms of potential malignancy like enlarged lymph nodes require prompt investigation and treatment. A history and physical exam can often identify the cause of the lump based on location and characteristics. Common benign causes of neck lumps include salivary gland calculi, thyroglossal cysts, and branchial cysts. Malignant causes indicate the need for further testing such as biopsy.
This document provides secrets and tips for success in tympanomastoid surgeries based on the experiences of Dr. Prahlada N B. The key points discussed include:
- Carefully selecting appropriate cases and understanding when not to operate.
- Using good anesthesia techniques like local anesthesia along with general anesthesia.
- Choosing the right surgical approach and technique for each individual patient.
- Mastering incision methods like endaural incisions.
- Performing procedures like canalplasty to improve outcomes.
- Considering whether cortical mastoidectomy is needed in each case.
- Perfecting ossiculoplasty and grafting techniques.
- Providing good post-operative
This document provides an overview of neck dissection procedures. It discusses the history and evolution of neck dissection, from Kocher's initial proposal in 1880 to remove nodal metastases to more modern classifications. The surgical anatomy of neck structures is described in detail. Levels of cervical lymph nodes are defined based on boundaries of bones, muscles, blood vessels and nerves. Staging of head and neck cancers using the TNM system is explained. Factors affecting nodal metastasis and techniques for assessing cervical lymph nodes are also summarized.
This document provides a systematic approach for general practitioners to evaluate neck masses in patients. It begins with an overview of the aim and scope, which is to give GPs a structured process to diagnose neck masses through understanding neck anatomy and common pathologies. The document then reviews neck anatomy, focusing on major structures and lymph node levels. It stresses the importance of obtaining a thorough history and physical exam of the neck mass and surrounding areas to determine the enlarged structure and potential diagnoses. The goal is to correctly identify the issue and order appropriate tests to make a diagnosis in most cases.
1. MRI utilizes the magnetic spin property of hydrogen protons to produce images of the body. It has largely replaced CT for imaging of the brain due to its superior soft tissue contrast.
2. The basic MRI sequences for brain imaging are T1, T2, FLAIR, and DWI. T1 provides anatomical details while T2 and FLAIR better demonstrate pathology. DWI is useful for detecting acute strokes and abscesses.
3. MRI utilizes varying the echo and repetition times to generate T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR images which highlight different tissues and pathologies based on their proton density and relaxation times.
Vestibular schwannoma, also known as acoustic neuroma, is a benign tumor of the vestibular nerve sheath cells. It accounts for 6% of all intracranial tumors and 80-90% of cerebellopontine angle tumors. The tumor grows medially from the Schwann cells of the vestibular nerve and presents in stages ranging from isolated otological symptoms to brainstem compression. Diagnosis involves radiological investigations like CT, MRI and MRA. Treatment options include observation, surgery, and stereotactic radiosurgery depending on tumor size and patient factors.
This document discusses imaging of generalized skeletal disorders. It notes that these disorders are common, occurring in 1 in 3,000 to 5,000 births. They can be familial and cause lifelong disease. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis, management, and understanding complications over time. New technologies and therapies are improving detection and treatment. Radiology remains crucial for diagnosis and monitoring patients with these complex conditions.
The document outlines the steps for making a diagnosis which include taking a patient history, performing a physical examination, making a preliminary working diagnosis, conducting further diagnostic tests, arriving at a final diagnosis, and determining therapy. It provides details on the components of a patient history, the basic methods and areas covered in a physical examination, and examples of assessments for different body systems.
The document provides information about different MRI sequences and their applications:
- FLAIR sequences suppress the signal from cerebrospinal fluid, highlighting hyperintense lesions near CSF-containing spaces. This makes FLAIR useful for evaluating conditions like multiple sclerosis.
- STIR sequences suppress the signal from fat, making it useful for detecting bone marrow edema which can indicate occult fractures.
- T1-weighted images provide good anatomical details and are best for viewing subacute hemorrhages and fat-containing structures.
This document provides information on chronic laryngitis, including:
1. It defines the larynx and its structures such as cartilages and muscles. Chronic laryngitis is an inflammatory process that causes irreversible damage to the larynx mucosa.
2. Common causes include infections, voice abuse, allergies, and environmental factors. Signs and symptoms include hoarse voice, chronic cough, and difficulty swallowing.
3. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, imaging, and biopsy. Treatment focuses on identifying and treating the underlying cause, with measures like voice rest, steam inhalation, and surgery in severe cases.
This document provides an overview of skeletal dysplasias, including their definition, pathogenesis, classification, and examples of some specific dysplasias. It defines skeletal dysplasias as disorders affecting bone and cartilage growth and development. The document discusses Achondroplasia, the most common form of dwarfism caused by mutations in FGFR3; Hypochondroplasia, a milder form also caused by FGFR3 mutations; and Kniest Dysplasia and Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia, which involve mutations in collagen genes and affect vertebrae and epiphyses. It provides details on clinical features, radiographic findings, complications, and management of these conditions
Slides prepared and compiled by highly experienced ENT teacher, Dr. Krishna Koirala from Nepal, for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned.
He is the Head of department with a sound knowledge in the field of ENT to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students
Entrapment neuropathies occur when peripheral nerves become compressed or damaged. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common, caused by median nerve entrapment at the wrist. Symptoms include pain, numbness and tingling in the hand that is worsened by certain activities. Diagnosis involves physical exam maneuvers like Phalen's test and electrodiagnostic testing. Treatment starts with splinting, injections and medications, with surgery to release the transverse carpal ligament indicated for failed conservative care or severe cases. Other median nerve entrapment sites include the elbow and shoulder.
The document provides an overview of neck dissection, including:
- Its history beginning in the late 19th century and evolving classifications.
- Surgical anatomy of the neck structures and lymph node levels involved.
- Indications for neck dissection including tumor size and characteristics that increase risk of lymph node metastasis.
- Classifications of neck dissections based on the extent of lymph node levels and non-lymphatic structures removed.
This document discusses obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). It defines OSAS and describes the stages of sleep. OSAS is characterized by pauses in breathing or instances of reduced breathing during sleep. The severity is determined by the apnea-hypopnea index. Symptoms include daytime sleepiness and snoring. Risk factors include obesity, large tongue, and nasal obstruction. Treatment involves weight loss, sleep positioning, continuous positive airway pressure devices, and sometimes surgery to improve breathing during sleep. Complications of untreated OSAS include high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke.
Slides prepared and compiled by highly experienced ENT teacher, Dr. Krishna Koirala from Nepal , for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned.
He is the Head of department with a sound knowledge in the field of ENT to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students
Diseases of the throat by Dr. Kavitha Ashok Kumar MSU MalaysiaKavitha Ashokb
This document discusses diseases of the throat, including lesions of the oral cavity and pharynx. It describes various white and red lesions that can occur in the oral cavity, such as oral submucous fibrosis and candidiasis. It also discusses conditions like chronic tonsillitis, adenoid hypertrophy, and tonsillectomy. Chronic tonsillitis is characterized by recurrent sore throat, fever and neck swelling. Adenoid hypertrophy can cause nasal obstruction and mouth breathing. Tonsillectomy may be indicated for chronic tonsillitis, respiratory obstruction or peritonsillar abscess.
Dr. Ritesh Mahajan presented a (age) year old male/female patient who works as a (occupation). The patient has been experiencing right ear discharge for 2 years, difficulty hearing for 1 year, and ringing in the ear for 6 months. On examination, the doctor assessed the patient's vital signs and examined the ears, nose, mouth, throat, and larynx, noting any abnormalities. A history was also taken regarding the patient's medical, family, social, and habits.
The document summarizes cranial nerves V (trigeminal nerve) and VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve). It describes the anatomy, nuclei, functions and clinical assessment of these cranial nerves. Specifically, it discusses the sensory and motor components of the trigeminal nerve and examinations for abnormalities. It also outlines the anatomy and components of the vestibulocochlear nerve, including descriptions of the cochlear and vestibular nerves and their functions in hearing and balance. Clinical tests for hearing like Rinne's and Weber's tests are summarized.
The document discusses the process of clinical examination for oral diagnosis. It describes examining the patient's general appearance and vital signs. The extraoral exam involves inspecting and palpating structures like the face, skin, skull and lymph nodes. The intraoral exam assesses the mucosa, dentition, floor of mouth and salivary glands through inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. Radiographs, biopsy and laboratory tests provide further diagnostic information. A provisional diagnosis is formed based on the clinical findings to guide treatment planning.
This document discusses the history, definition, etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and treatment of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS). Some key points:
- MPDS is a pain disorder caused by trigger points in the muscles of mastication that refer pain to the head and neck. It is the most common cause of masticatory pain.
- Etiology may include occlusal factors, prosthetic problems, malocclusion, psychophysiologic factors, and trauma.
- Clinical characteristics include pain in the head/neck, limited jaw motion, joint noises, and tender muscles.
- Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach including medications, trigger point injections, physical
Similar to Management of Neck Lumps - Head and Neck Services point of view (20)
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Management of Neck Lumps - Head and Neck Services point of view
1. Neck Lump Management
Our Take
–
Head and Neck Services point of
view
Dr. MTD Lakshan
MBBS MS(OTO) DOHNS FEB ORL-
HNS, FRCSEd ORL-HNS
2. Head and Neck Services
• During Evaluation
• Surgical Input
• Post Surgical Input –
Managing Complications
3. Neck Lumps
• Structures in the Neck
– Thyroid, Parotid, Nerves, Vessels, Bones, Skin, S
C tissue
• Structures close to the neck
– Ear, Nose, Sinuses, Oral, Pharyngeal, Laryngeal
Oesophageal, Tracheo-bronchial