Acute otitis media (AOM) is an ear infection that causes inflammation in the middle ear, often accompanied by fluid, pain, or drainage. It most commonly affects infants and young children. Risk factors include daycare attendance, exposure to smoke, bottle feeding while lying down, and recent illness. The infection is caused by both bacterial and viral factors. Diagnosis can be difficult as symptoms vary and testing on young children is challenging. Treatment may include pain medication and antibiotics, depending on a child's age, symptoms, and medical history.