Pathogenesis and management of macular holes with video demonstration.pptxAvuru James
management of macular holes surgeries, Nigeria, traumatic macular hole, atrophic.macular hole, primary macular hole macular hole surgery in nigeria, Vitreos an retinal, atrophic holes, traumatic macular holes, myopic Schisis, retinoscisis, parsplana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, epiretinal membrane peeling, air fluid exchange, internal limiting membrane staining dye, west african college of surgeons, vitreoretinal surgery, national post graduate medical college of Nogeria, residency training.
otosclerosis....
stapedectomy vs stapedotomy
complication of otosclerotic surgery
management of otosclerotic surgery complications
techniques
latest trends
A presentation covering all aspects of Trachoma, one of the oldest infectious disease which is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness. Present day scenario and management.
Laryngo Tracheo Bronchial Foreign Bodies .ppt with voice over and case presen...Supreet Sn
Laryngo Tracheo Bronchial Foreign Bodies power point presentation with voice over (and description) for all slides and a case presentation of use of Optical Grabbing Forceps for removal of foreign body from left bronchus.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Otitis media with effusion ome
1. OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION
(OME)
1
DR. SUPREET SINGH NAYYAR, AFMC
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
2. Synonyms
2
Serous Otitis Media
Secretory Otitis Media
“Glue Ear”
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
3. Definition
3
Chronic accumulation of mucus within middle ear
and sometimes mastoid air cell system
Time that fluid has to be present for the condition to
be chronic is usually taken as 12 weeks (Scott Brown)
Affects children
Insidious onset
Sterile effusion in middle ear
Behind an intact but retracted TM
With hearing loss
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
4. Epidemiology
4
First Episode
50% of all children- before the first birthday
80% of all children - before the third birthday
Scott Brown – Prevalence bimodal at 2 & 5 yrs when child first
attends playgroup school & when goes to primary school
Above 15 yrs prevalence 0.6%
More during winters
More than a third of consultations to pediatricians each year
Each episode of ASOM increases odd ratio of developing OME
by 12
Chinese children have lower prevalence
M>F
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
5. Aetiology
5
ET Dysfunction
Obstruction
Adenoid hyperplasia
Tumours (nasopharyngeal carcinoma)
Palatal defects
Barotrauma
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Oedema during radiation therapy
Spread of Infection
Chronic adenoiditis
Chronic rhino-sinusitis
Chronic tonsillitis
High prevalence in HIV patients
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
7. Pathogenesis
7
Eustachian tube dysfunction
Failure of aeration
Failure of drainage
Increased secretion in ME
Increase in secretory glands
Spontaneous resolution if
Drainage via ET restablished
Perforation of the tympanic membrane
If both continue OME
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
8. Risk Factors: Host
8
Age < 2 years
Gender ( Males > Females)
Race (Caucasian)
Genetic predisposition
Sibling with history of OME
Down’s syndrome, cleft palate, tumors,
immunodeficiency states
Poor mastoid pneumatization
Maxillectomy
Prolonged intubation
Cystic fibrosis
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
9. Risk Factors: Environment
9
Allergies
Second hand smoke + wood burning stoves
Not breastfeeding
Seasonal - winters
Attending day care centre with > 4 children
Low socioeconomic group
Use of pacifiers
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
11. Clinical Features: Signs
11
Hearing Loss - TFT
Otoscopy (sensitivity 85 – 93%)
Signs of retraction
Loss of light reflex
Colour – Yellow/Grey/ Blue
Stage of retraction
Signs of Effusion
Air Bubbles
Fluid Levels
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
12. Clinical Features: Signs
12
Pneumatic Otoscopy
Used to assess the mobility and position of TM
Observe TM movement by
Increasing Pressure in EAM – Siegel’s
Increasing pressure in ME - Valsalva
Mobile/ Partially Mobile/ Immobile
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
13. Evaluation
13
Audiometry (sensitivity 92 %)
Pure Tone Audiometry
Bilateral Conductive Hearng Loss
Air-Bone Gap
20 – 40 dB
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
14. Evaluation
14
Tympanometry (sensitivity 96 %)
Assess compliance of TM
Mobility of TM on increase/ decrease of pressure in EAM
Graphic representation
4 patterns
A/As/Ad/B/C
In OME – B & C
William’s test for ET patency
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
17. Evaluation
17
Radiology
Xray Skull Lateral View
Adenoid Hyperplasia
Xray Mastoid Schuller’s View
Clouding
MRI
Absence of fluid does not imply an absence of OME, as one-third
of patients in MRI study had fluid in mastoid, but not in the
mesotympanum (Kew et al)
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
18. Nasopharynx evaluation
18
Post rhinoscopy
Nasopharyngoscopy
EBV titres (in adults)
EBV IgA anti VCA
EBV IgA anti EA
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
20. Treatment
20
Medical Treatment
Anti-allergy measures
Antihistamines – Azelastine 2mg daily x 8 wks proven to be
beneficial
Topical Nasal Steroids
Surface tension lowering agent
N acetyl cyteine 30 mg tds X 15 days beneficial
Antibiotics (no long term benefit, can be used for initial 2
wks)
Amoxycillin
Augmentin
Middle Ear Aeration
Valsalva Manouevre
Politzerisation
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
21. Treatment
21
Surgical Treatment
Myringotomy
Myringotomy with ventillation tubes (improves hearing by 12
dB)
Grommet
T Tubes
Adenoidectomy (improves hearing by 8 dB)
Tonsillectomy
Cortical Matoidectomy (in failure of ventilation tube cases)
Research methods
Percutaneous mastoid vent following CM
CO2 assisted 2 mm circular perforation in AI quadrant for adult OME
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
22. Ventilation tubes
22
Longer a tube stays in situ longer it can be
potentially of benefit
On other hand, longer a tube is in situ the greater the
chance of complications
Infection
Granulation tissue
Permanent perforation
Thinning of TM with possible retraction
However, in adults T-tubes are justified routinely, as
in them OME is likely to be persistent over years
rather than months
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
23. Types
23
Grommet Stay upto 6 mths
T tubes stay upto 1-2 yrs
Materials for tubes
Silicone
Teflon
Stainless steel
Titanium
Gold
Few names (see photographs on next slide)
Shepard
Armstrong
Reuter Bobbin
Goodle
Can be inserted AI or PI quad
Stay longer in AI quadrant
Guttenplan et al. (scott brown) no difference in radial vs
circumferential incision
www.nayyarENT.com 2012
26. Complications of ventilation tubes
26
Intra op
Displacement into middle ear
Damage to ossicles
Early post op
Blockage of tube by blood
Granulation around tube
Ear infection
Otorrhoea
Late post op
Permanent perforation
Tympanosclerosis
TM atrophy & retraction
www.nayyarENT.com 2012