Covalent bond- Bless Christine Noel
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A covalent bond forms when two atoms share electrons between their outer shells to satisfy the Octet Rule, which requires atoms to gain, lose, or share electrons until each has eight in their outer valence shell, matching the stable electron configuration of noble gases. For example, phosphorus shares electrons with other atoms because it has only five in its outer shell, while gaining three more allows it to match the full outer shell of the noble gas argon.
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Chapter 6.2 : Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds
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- 1. A covalent bond is a chemical link between two atoms in which electrons are shared between them.
- 2. The Octet Rule requires all atoms in a molecule to have 8 valence electrons--either by sharing, losing or gaining electrons--to become stable. For Covalent bonds, atoms tend to share their electrons with each other to satisfy the Octet Rule. It requires 8 electrons because that is the amount of electrons needed to fill a s- and p- orbital (electron configuration); also known as a noble gas configuration. Each atom wants to become as stable as the noble gases that have their outer valence shell filled because noble gases have a charge of 0
- 3. Phosphorus has only 5 electrons in its outer shell (bolded in red). Argon has a total of 8 electrons (bolded in red), which satisfies the Octet Rule. Phosphorus needs to gain 3 electrons to fullfill the Octet Rule. It wants to be like Argon who has a full outer valence shell.
- 7. NH3 Ammonia
- 8. Can you answer this? HCl - hydrogen chloride