7.4
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•218 views
The document summarizes the second stage of aerobic respiration. The second stage occurs inside mitochondria and includes two pathways: acetyl-CoA formation and the Krebs cycle. These pathways break down the two pyruvate molecules produced during glycolysis into six carbon dioxide molecules, yielding two ATP and reducing ten coenzymes to provide electrons for the third stage of aerobic respiration.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Krebs cycle
The document outlines 8 steps of the citric acid cycle. Step 1 involves acetyl CoA combining with oxaloacetate to form citrate. Step 2 involves citrate being rearranged to form isocitrate. Step 3 involves isocitrate being oxidized to form alpha-ketoglutarate and carbon dioxide. Step 4 involves alpha-ketoglutarate being oxidized to form succinyl-CoA. Steps 5-8 continue converting metabolites and transferring electrons through the cycle culminating in oxaloacetate being regenerated.
Krebs cycle
About Krebs cycle, which is the most important cycle in cellular respiration which take place in all aerobic organism and also tells about importance of Krebs cycle. As it place a connecting link between Glycolysis and ETS
Krebs cycle
The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria and involves 8 steps to completely oxidize acetyl groups derived from pyruvate. During each turn of the cycle, acetyl CoA adds to oxaloacetate to form citrate. As citrate is further modified, carbon dioxide is released and NADH, FADH2, and ATP are generated. One turn of the Krebs cycle results in the production of 3 NADH molecules, 1 ATP, and 1 FADH2.
Respiration 4 link and krebs
The document summarizes the process of glycolysis and its connection to the Krebs cycle through the link reaction in the mitochondria. Glycolysis in the cytoplasm converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules with a net production of 2 ATP and 2 NADH. The pyruvate is actively transported into the mitochondrial matrix. There, the link reaction uses one pyruvate to reduce one NAD+ to NADH while decarboxylating pyruvate to produce acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA then enters the Krebs cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to continue extracting energy through oxidative phosphorylation.
'The kreb's cycle' - class 11 cbse
The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrion matrix. A two-carbon acetyl CoA molecule joins with a four-carbon compound to form citric acid, a six-carbon compound. Citric acid is converted back to the four-carbon compound, releasing carbon dioxide and hydrogen, which joins with NAD to form NADH2. NADH2 transfers hydrogen through the electron transport chain, producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The cycle continuously converts nutrients into energy in the form of ATP.
3. link and krebs cycle
The document summarizes the key steps in the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle). The Krebs cycle is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions where acetyl groups from pyruvate enter the cycle in the form of acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon compound citrate. Citrate then undergoes a series of reactions where it is dehydrogenated and decarboxylated, removing carbons and producing CO2, while also generating reduced NAD, FAD, and one ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation. Two turns of the Krebs cycle are required for each glucose molecule, ultimately producing 4
Presentation bio
The Krebs cycle begins with acetyl-CoA adding to oxaloacetate to form citrate. Citrate then rearranges to form isocitrate, and oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate forms α-ketoglutarate. α-Ketoglutarate then undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to form succinyl-CoA. Succinyl-CoA is converted to succinate, which is then oxidized to fumarate and converted to malate and finally back to oxaloacetate to complete the cycle. The cycle produces NADH, FADH2, ATP, and CO2 as byproducts and turns twice for every glucose molecule
Krebs cycle/ TCA Cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle/ Tri Carboxylic Acid Cycle/ CAC
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA cycle, is the final common pathway that generates energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 from the oxidation of pyruvate from glycolysis. Pyruvate enters the mitochondria and is converted to acetyl-CoA which condenses with oxaloacetate to form citrate, initiating the Krebs cycle. As the cycle progresses through 10 steps, high-energy electron carriers and GTP are produced to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The cycle regenerates oxaloacetate to continue multiple turns, completely oxidizing acetyl-CoA molecules for maximum energy production.
Recommended
Krebs cycle
The document outlines 8 steps of the citric acid cycle. Step 1 involves acetyl CoA combining with oxaloacetate to form citrate. Step 2 involves citrate being rearranged to form isocitrate. Step 3 involves isocitrate being oxidized to form alpha-ketoglutarate and carbon dioxide. Step 4 involves alpha-ketoglutarate being oxidized to form succinyl-CoA. Steps 5-8 continue converting metabolites and transferring electrons through the cycle culminating in oxaloacetate being regenerated.
Krebs cycle
About Krebs cycle, which is the most important cycle in cellular respiration which take place in all aerobic organism and also tells about importance of Krebs cycle. As it place a connecting link between Glycolysis and ETS
Krebs cycle
The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria and involves 8 steps to completely oxidize acetyl groups derived from pyruvate. During each turn of the cycle, acetyl CoA adds to oxaloacetate to form citrate. As citrate is further modified, carbon dioxide is released and NADH, FADH2, and ATP are generated. One turn of the Krebs cycle results in the production of 3 NADH molecules, 1 ATP, and 1 FADH2.
Respiration 4 link and krebs
The document summarizes the process of glycolysis and its connection to the Krebs cycle through the link reaction in the mitochondria. Glycolysis in the cytoplasm converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules with a net production of 2 ATP and 2 NADH. The pyruvate is actively transported into the mitochondrial matrix. There, the link reaction uses one pyruvate to reduce one NAD+ to NADH while decarboxylating pyruvate to produce acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA then enters the Krebs cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to continue extracting energy through oxidative phosphorylation.
'The kreb's cycle' - class 11 cbse
The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrion matrix. A two-carbon acetyl CoA molecule joins with a four-carbon compound to form citric acid, a six-carbon compound. Citric acid is converted back to the four-carbon compound, releasing carbon dioxide and hydrogen, which joins with NAD to form NADH2. NADH2 transfers hydrogen through the electron transport chain, producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The cycle continuously converts nutrients into energy in the form of ATP.
3. link and krebs cycle
The document summarizes the key steps in the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle). The Krebs cycle is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions where acetyl groups from pyruvate enter the cycle in the form of acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon compound citrate. Citrate then undergoes a series of reactions where it is dehydrogenated and decarboxylated, removing carbons and producing CO2, while also generating reduced NAD, FAD, and one ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation. Two turns of the Krebs cycle are required for each glucose molecule, ultimately producing 4
Presentation bio
The Krebs cycle begins with acetyl-CoA adding to oxaloacetate to form citrate. Citrate then rearranges to form isocitrate, and oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate forms α-ketoglutarate. α-Ketoglutarate then undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to form succinyl-CoA. Succinyl-CoA is converted to succinate, which is then oxidized to fumarate and converted to malate and finally back to oxaloacetate to complete the cycle. The cycle produces NADH, FADH2, ATP, and CO2 as byproducts and turns twice for every glucose molecule
Krebs cycle/ TCA Cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle/ Tri Carboxylic Acid Cycle/ CAC
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA cycle, is the final common pathway that generates energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 from the oxidation of pyruvate from glycolysis. Pyruvate enters the mitochondria and is converted to acetyl-CoA which condenses with oxaloacetate to form citrate, initiating the Krebs cycle. As the cycle progresses through 10 steps, high-energy electron carriers and GTP are produced to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The cycle regenerates oxaloacetate to continue multiple turns, completely oxidizing acetyl-CoA molecules for maximum energy production.
Krebs
After glycolysis, pyruvate undergoes anaerobic or aerobic breakdown. Aerobically, pyruvate is oxidized in the mitochondrion to form acetyl-CoA which enters the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle is a series of redox reactions that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and fully breaks down glucose, producing CO2, NADH, FADH2, and GTP which can be converted to ATP. Oxygen is not required for glycolysis or the Krebs cycle reactions themselves but is needed to oxidize the NADH and FADH2 produced to generate the most ATP.
Krebs cycle
The document summarizes cellular respiration, which occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the oxidation of pyruvate, and the Krebs cycle. Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate, which then enters the mitochondria. In the mitochondria, pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA and enters the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle further oxidizes acetyl-CoA through a series of reactions, producing electron carriers like NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers will be used in the final stage of cellular respiration, the electron transport chain, to power ATP synthesis.
Krebs Cycle
The document describes the Krebs cycle, which is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA. The cycle involves several steps, including the formation of citric acid, dehydration, decarboxylation, oxidation, and dehydrogenation, that ultimately produce carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2, and ATP which are used to generate energy for cells.
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) is the final common pathway for the complete oxidation of acetyl groups derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce carbon dioxide. The cycle consists of 8 steps that occur in the mitochondrial matrix and produces reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2) that fuel the electron transport chain to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The cycle also provides precursors for various biosynthetic pathways. Overall, the oxidation of one acetyl group by the citric acid cycle generates 12 ATP, making it an important source of energy production in cells.
Kreb's cycle
The Krebs cycle is a series of 8 reactions that occurs in the mitochondria of cells. It involves the oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) along with the reduction of coenzymes. The cycle begins with the combination of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate and results in the net production of carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2, and ATP or GTP. Energy is generated as the NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain, ultimately producing approximately 10 moles of ATP per cycle.
7.5
The third stage of aerobic respiration occurs at the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH and FADH2 produced in the first two stages deliver electrons and hydrogen ions to electron transfer chains. As the electrons move through the chains, they release energy which is used to actively transport hydrogen ions across the inner membrane. The resulting hydrogen ion gradient drives the formation of ATP through ATP synthase. Approximately thirty-two ATP molecules form during these third stage reactions as oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the chains and water is produced.
Krebs cycle
The TCA cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, is the final common pathway for the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. The cycle involves the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide, with the production of high-energy electron carriers and the regeneration of oxaloacetate. Key steps include the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate, followed by oxidative decarboxylation reactions that generate NADH and FADH2. The TCA cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and is tightly regulated by enzymes like citrate
TCA CYCLE and ETC
The TCA cycle was discovered by Hans Krebs in 1937. He received the Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1953. The TCA cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and is key to cellular respiration. Acetyl-CoA from glycolysis and other metabolic pathways feeds into the TCA cycle where it is oxidized, producing NADH, FADH2, and GTP. These carry energy to the electron transport chain to drive ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation. The TCA cycle is regulated by feedback inhibition based on energy charge within the cell.
13 kreb cycle
Hans Adolf Krebs discovered the Krebs cycle in 1937. The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions that produce carbon dioxide, ATP, and electron carriers to be used in cellular respiration. It occurs in the mitochondria of cells and consists of eight steps where molecules like citrate, isocitrate, and oxaloacetate undergo oxidation reactions, producing molecules like alpha-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate, and malate. The cycle generates molecules like NADH, FADH2, and one ATP that supply energy to the electron transport chain.
Krebs cycle
The TCA cycle is an 8-step catabolic process that takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. It was discovered in 1937 by Sir Hans Adolf Krebs and involves the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to carbon dioxide, producing reduced cofactors NADH and FADH2 that generate ATP. The cycle is amphibolic, producing important biological compounds like glutamate and heme while also being regulated by oxygen, ATP, and acetyl-CoA levels to adjust metabolic pathways as needed.
Krebs cycle TCA Cycle
The Krebs Cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and is a series of chemical reactions that generates energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide. It was discovered by Hans Adolf Krebs in 1937 and is also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each turn of the cycle produces one GTP or ATP, three NADH molecules, and one FADH2 molecule which will be used in cellular respiration to produce ATP.
Krebs-U.C.S.-2010
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occurs within the mitochondria of cells to break down pyruvic acid from glycolysis into carbon dioxide. It was discovered by Hans Adolf Krebs in the 1930s and completes the oxidation of organic molecules. The cycle involves 8 steps where pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl CoA which enters the Krebs cycle. As compounds go through decarboxylation and oxidation reactions, electrons are transferred to create ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2.
TCA cycle
The citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The cycle consists of 8 steps: 1) conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA, 2) citrate synthase catalyzes the formation of citric acid, 3) isocitrate dehydrogenase and other enzymes catalyze additional reactions, generating NADH, FADH2, and GTP to fuel ATP synthesis. The net result is the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide to generate between 36-38 ATP.
Krebs cycle
The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and is a series of chemical reactions that generates energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide. It was discovered by Hans Adolf Krebs in 1937 and is also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each turn of the cycle produces ATP, NADH and FADH2 that are used in cellular respiration to produce more ATP for the cell. Acetyl CoA links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle by entering the cycle in the first step of condensing with oxaloacetate.
TCA cycle/Krebs cycle/Citric acid cycle
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA cycle, is a series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that break down food for energy. It is the final common pathway that produces ATP through oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The cycle generates high-energy electrons in the form of NADH and FADH2 that are used to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Hyperammonemia can lead to loss of consciousness by withdrawing alpha-ketoglutarate from the TCA cycle to form glutamine, lowering ATP production.
Kreb's cycle (Citric acid cycle, TCA cycle)
The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) is an important metabolic pathway that generates energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It occurs in the matrix of mitochondria and involves 8 steps where acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate. As the citrate undergoes oxidation, NADH, FADH2, and GTP are produced, leading to the generation of 12 ATP per acetyl-CoA molecule. The cycle regenerates oxaloacetate and continues.
Kr ebs cycle and anaerobic respiration
The Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) is the second step in cellular respiration after glycolysis. During the Krebs cycle, pyruvate from glycolysis enters the mitochondria and is broken down, producing carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2, and ATP. For each glucose molecule, the Krebs cycle occurs twice, producing a total of 6 carbon dioxide molecules, 2 ATP, 8 NADH, and 2 FADH2 to be used in the electron transport chain to power aerobic respiration. The Krebs cycle is critical for producing electron carriers that generate most of the ATP from cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis
The document summarizes the process of photosynthesis, which consists of two main steps - the light-dependent reaction and the light-independent Calvin cycle. The light-dependent reaction uses sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce ATP and NADPH through electron transport. The Calvin cycle then uses these products to incorporate carbon dioxide into glucose without the need for light. Photosynthesis overall produces glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight in the chloroplasts.
Tca cycle by shakthi sasmita (biochemist)
Hans Adolf Krebs was a German-British biochemist who discovered the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) in 1937 while working in Britain. The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions that is critical for cell metabolism and the production of energy in cells. It involves the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. Krebs' discovery of this cycle was pivotal to understanding how cells generate energy and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Cellresp.
Cellular respiration involves a series of metabolic pathways that break down glucose and harvest energy to produce ATP. There are four main stages: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. During these stages, glucose is broken down and electrons are transferred to create energy carriers like NADH and FADH2. These energy carriers then transfer electrons through the electron transport chain, pumping hydrogen ions across a membrane and driving ATP synthase to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The entire process of aerobic cellular respiration produces approximately 30-32 molecules of ATP from each glucose molecule.
Contabilidade de custos II_trabalho b2_O dilema de Jurandir
O diretor Jurandir recebeu uma proposta para reduzir os preços em 15% e aumentar as vendas em 45%. Isso exigiria aumentar a produção e melhorar os equipamentos, aumentando os custos fixos em 25% e os custos variáveis em 20%. Jurandir convocou assessores para analisar os custos atuais, ponto de equilíbrio e viabilidade de comprar uma nova máquina para atender à maior demanda potencial.
Target audience for the thriller genre
This document discusses the target audiences for the thriller genre. It states that the broad target audience is viewers over 15 years old due to inappropriate content for younger viewers. The primary target audience is identified as young adult males aged 15-25 who are drawn to action, crime, and spy thrillers. Young adult females aged 18-25 also engage with subgenres like erotic, horror, and comedy thrillers. Different social classes may prefer distinct thriller subgenres based on interests and occupations, such as upper classes preferring political or psychological thrillers.
More Related Content
What's hot
Krebs
After glycolysis, pyruvate undergoes anaerobic or aerobic breakdown. Aerobically, pyruvate is oxidized in the mitochondrion to form acetyl-CoA which enters the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle is a series of redox reactions that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and fully breaks down glucose, producing CO2, NADH, FADH2, and GTP which can be converted to ATP. Oxygen is not required for glycolysis or the Krebs cycle reactions themselves but is needed to oxidize the NADH and FADH2 produced to generate the most ATP.
Krebs cycle
The document summarizes cellular respiration, which occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the oxidation of pyruvate, and the Krebs cycle. Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate, which then enters the mitochondria. In the mitochondria, pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA and enters the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle further oxidizes acetyl-CoA through a series of reactions, producing electron carriers like NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers will be used in the final stage of cellular respiration, the electron transport chain, to power ATP synthesis.
Krebs Cycle
The document describes the Krebs cycle, which is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA. The cycle involves several steps, including the formation of citric acid, dehydration, decarboxylation, oxidation, and dehydrogenation, that ultimately produce carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2, and ATP which are used to generate energy for cells.
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) is the final common pathway for the complete oxidation of acetyl groups derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce carbon dioxide. The cycle consists of 8 steps that occur in the mitochondrial matrix and produces reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2) that fuel the electron transport chain to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The cycle also provides precursors for various biosynthetic pathways. Overall, the oxidation of one acetyl group by the citric acid cycle generates 12 ATP, making it an important source of energy production in cells.
Kreb's cycle
The Krebs cycle is a series of 8 reactions that occurs in the mitochondria of cells. It involves the oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) along with the reduction of coenzymes. The cycle begins with the combination of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate and results in the net production of carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2, and ATP or GTP. Energy is generated as the NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain, ultimately producing approximately 10 moles of ATP per cycle.
7.5
The third stage of aerobic respiration occurs at the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH and FADH2 produced in the first two stages deliver electrons and hydrogen ions to electron transfer chains. As the electrons move through the chains, they release energy which is used to actively transport hydrogen ions across the inner membrane. The resulting hydrogen ion gradient drives the formation of ATP through ATP synthase. Approximately thirty-two ATP molecules form during these third stage reactions as oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the chains and water is produced.
Krebs cycle
The TCA cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, is the final common pathway for the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. The cycle involves the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide, with the production of high-energy electron carriers and the regeneration of oxaloacetate. Key steps include the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate, followed by oxidative decarboxylation reactions that generate NADH and FADH2. The TCA cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and is tightly regulated by enzymes like citrate
TCA CYCLE and ETC
The TCA cycle was discovered by Hans Krebs in 1937. He received the Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1953. The TCA cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and is key to cellular respiration. Acetyl-CoA from glycolysis and other metabolic pathways feeds into the TCA cycle where it is oxidized, producing NADH, FADH2, and GTP. These carry energy to the electron transport chain to drive ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation. The TCA cycle is regulated by feedback inhibition based on energy charge within the cell.
13 kreb cycle
Hans Adolf Krebs discovered the Krebs cycle in 1937. The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions that produce carbon dioxide, ATP, and electron carriers to be used in cellular respiration. It occurs in the mitochondria of cells and consists of eight steps where molecules like citrate, isocitrate, and oxaloacetate undergo oxidation reactions, producing molecules like alpha-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate, and malate. The cycle generates molecules like NADH, FADH2, and one ATP that supply energy to the electron transport chain.
Krebs cycle
The TCA cycle is an 8-step catabolic process that takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. It was discovered in 1937 by Sir Hans Adolf Krebs and involves the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to carbon dioxide, producing reduced cofactors NADH and FADH2 that generate ATP. The cycle is amphibolic, producing important biological compounds like glutamate and heme while also being regulated by oxygen, ATP, and acetyl-CoA levels to adjust metabolic pathways as needed.
Krebs cycle TCA Cycle
The Krebs Cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and is a series of chemical reactions that generates energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide. It was discovered by Hans Adolf Krebs in 1937 and is also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each turn of the cycle produces one GTP or ATP, three NADH molecules, and one FADH2 molecule which will be used in cellular respiration to produce ATP.
Krebs-U.C.S.-2010
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occurs within the mitochondria of cells to break down pyruvic acid from glycolysis into carbon dioxide. It was discovered by Hans Adolf Krebs in the 1930s and completes the oxidation of organic molecules. The cycle involves 8 steps where pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl CoA which enters the Krebs cycle. As compounds go through decarboxylation and oxidation reactions, electrons are transferred to create ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2.
TCA cycle
The citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The cycle consists of 8 steps: 1) conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA, 2) citrate synthase catalyzes the formation of citric acid, 3) isocitrate dehydrogenase and other enzymes catalyze additional reactions, generating NADH, FADH2, and GTP to fuel ATP synthesis. The net result is the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide to generate between 36-38 ATP.
Krebs cycle
The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and is a series of chemical reactions that generates energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide. It was discovered by Hans Adolf Krebs in 1937 and is also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each turn of the cycle produces ATP, NADH and FADH2 that are used in cellular respiration to produce more ATP for the cell. Acetyl CoA links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle by entering the cycle in the first step of condensing with oxaloacetate.
TCA cycle/Krebs cycle/Citric acid cycle
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA cycle, is a series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that break down food for energy. It is the final common pathway that produces ATP through oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The cycle generates high-energy electrons in the form of NADH and FADH2 that are used to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Hyperammonemia can lead to loss of consciousness by withdrawing alpha-ketoglutarate from the TCA cycle to form glutamine, lowering ATP production.
Kreb's cycle (Citric acid cycle, TCA cycle)
The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) is an important metabolic pathway that generates energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It occurs in the matrix of mitochondria and involves 8 steps where acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate. As the citrate undergoes oxidation, NADH, FADH2, and GTP are produced, leading to the generation of 12 ATP per acetyl-CoA molecule. The cycle regenerates oxaloacetate and continues.
Kr ebs cycle and anaerobic respiration
The Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) is the second step in cellular respiration after glycolysis. During the Krebs cycle, pyruvate from glycolysis enters the mitochondria and is broken down, producing carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2, and ATP. For each glucose molecule, the Krebs cycle occurs twice, producing a total of 6 carbon dioxide molecules, 2 ATP, 8 NADH, and 2 FADH2 to be used in the electron transport chain to power aerobic respiration. The Krebs cycle is critical for producing electron carriers that generate most of the ATP from cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis
The document summarizes the process of photosynthesis, which consists of two main steps - the light-dependent reaction and the light-independent Calvin cycle. The light-dependent reaction uses sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce ATP and NADPH through electron transport. The Calvin cycle then uses these products to incorporate carbon dioxide into glucose without the need for light. Photosynthesis overall produces glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight in the chloroplasts.
Tca cycle by shakthi sasmita (biochemist)
Hans Adolf Krebs was a German-British biochemist who discovered the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) in 1937 while working in Britain. The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions that is critical for cell metabolism and the production of energy in cells. It involves the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. Krebs' discovery of this cycle was pivotal to understanding how cells generate energy and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Cellresp.
Cellular respiration involves a series of metabolic pathways that break down glucose and harvest energy to produce ATP. There are four main stages: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. During these stages, glucose is broken down and electrons are transferred to create energy carriers like NADH and FADH2. These energy carriers then transfer electrons through the electron transport chain, pumping hydrogen ions across a membrane and driving ATP synthase to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The entire process of aerobic cellular respiration produces approximately 30-32 molecules of ATP from each glucose molecule.
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Contabilidade de custos II_trabalho b2_O dilema de Jurandir
O diretor Jurandir recebeu uma proposta para reduzir os preços em 15% e aumentar as vendas em 45%. Isso exigiria aumentar a produção e melhorar os equipamentos, aumentando os custos fixos em 25% e os custos variáveis em 20%. Jurandir convocou assessores para analisar os custos atuais, ponto de equilíbrio e viabilidade de comprar uma nova máquina para atender à maior demanda potencial.
Target audience for the thriller genre
This document discusses the target audiences for the thriller genre. It states that the broad target audience is viewers over 15 years old due to inappropriate content for younger viewers. The primary target audience is identified as young adult males aged 15-25 who are drawn to action, crime, and spy thrillers. Young adult females aged 18-25 also engage with subgenres like erotic, horror, and comedy thrillers. Different social classes may prefer distinct thriller subgenres based on interests and occupations, such as upper classes preferring political or psychological thrillers.
FOUNDATION
This document summarizes the key steps and materials used in designing and constructing tower foundations:
Concrete made with a 1:2:4:4 mix ratio is used as the primary material. Soil testing is conducted to determine properties like the water table, bearing capacity, and risk of submergence. Foundations are cast only after soil testing results are approved. Excavation is done precisely as per the engineering plan. Concrete stubs are installed and backfilled with compacted soil. Foundations are cured for 10 days by keeping them continuously wet. Special protections like benching, wire meshing, and stone revetments are used for foundations in areas prone to soil erosion.
Importancia de la buena escritura y correcta ortografia
El documento habla sobre la importancia de escribir bien y tener buena ortografía. Explica que una buena comunicación escrita es fundamental tanto en el desarrollo profesional como personal y provoca sensaciones positivas en el destinatario. También destaca que escribir de forma clara, con palabras cortas y frases sencillas ayuda a transmitir el mensaje de manera efectiva y evita confusiones. Finalmente, enumera cinco beneficios de tener buena ortografía como mostrar orden mental, dar carácter profesional al texto, mostrar respeto hacia el destinatario
Viewers also liked (6)
Contabilidade de custos II_trabalho b2_O dilema de Jurandir
Contabilidade de custos II_trabalho b2_O dilema de Jurandir
Importancia de la buena escritura y correcta ortografia
Importancia de la buena escritura y correcta ortografia
Similar to 7.4
cellular respiration and ATP stnthesis update .pptx
ATP functions as the energy currency of cells, being produced through two main processes - photosynthesis and cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, ATP is synthesized through a series of redox reactions that take place in the mitochondria. [Glycolysis breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm, producing pyruvate and ATP. Pyruvate then undergoes further reactions in the mitochondria, being converted to acetyl-CoA and entering the Krebs cycle, with electrons being transferred to NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers provide energy to power the electron transport chain, where a proton gradient is used to synthesize large amounts of ATP through chemiosmosis.]
Chapter 8-How cells make ATP-F2022.pdf
Cells produce ATP through cellular aerobic respiration which involves four stages:
1) Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate and yields 2 ATP.
2) Pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA which yields 2 NADH.
3) The citric acid cycle further breaks down acetyl CoA and yields 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP.
4) Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis uses the NADH and FADH2 to produce 32-34 ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Overall, one glucose molecule yields 36-38 ATP through cellular aerobic respiration.
Powerpoint Metabolisme 2
Lanjutan Powerpoint Metabolisme 1
Dalam bahasa Inggris karena kebutuhan. Maaf... yang bahasa Indonesia belum diselesaikan.
Metabolism And Nutrition
The document provides information about metabolism and various metabolic pathways. It defines metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism. It then describes the three main pathways of cellular respiration - glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport system. It explains the catabolism of glucose to pyruvic acid in glycolysis, the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA and its entry into the Krebs cycle, and how ATP is generated in the electron transport system through oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, it summarizes how lipids and proteins are broken down into acetyl CoA and fed into the Krebs cycle.
Metabolism And Nutrition
This document provides information about metabolism and various metabolic pathways. It defines metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism. It then describes the catabolism of glucose through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport system. These pathways break down glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. Lipids and proteins are also catabolized through beta oxidation and deamination to feed into the Krebs cycle. Key terms related to metabolic pathways are defined.
Metabolism And Nutrition
The document provides information about metabolism and various metabolic pathways. It defines metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism. It then describes the three main pathways of cellular respiration - glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport system. It explains the events that occur in each pathway, such as how glucose is broken down in glycolysis to form pyruvic acid. The Krebs cycle further breaks down pyruvic acid, producing ATP and reduced NADH and FADH2. These reduced molecules are used in the electron transport system to power ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
Krebs cycle
The document discusses the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle. It provides information on:
1) The cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and involves a series of chemical reactions that oxidize acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce carbon dioxide, NADH, and FADH2 to generate energy.
2) Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the mitochondria, providing the two-carbon unit that enters the Krebs cycle.
3) The cycle is amphibolic, meaning it is both catabolic, breaking down molecules, and anabolic,
Chapter 16.pdf
The citric acid cycle (CAC) is the second stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondria. It fully oxidizes acetyl-CoA derived from glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid breakdown to carbon dioxide. Each turn of the CAC generates reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 that drive oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP, as well as GTP through substrate-level phosphorylation. The CAC is tightly regulated by product inhibition and substrate availability to balance energy production with the needs of the cell.
Bio 100 Chapter 7
Cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glucose to release energy through a series of redox reactions. There are four stages: glycolysis, the preparatory reaction, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. These stages occur in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria, with oxygen as the final electron acceptor. The process generates approximately 38 ATP per glucose molecule through oxidative phosphorylation. When oxygen is limited, fermentation allows limited ATP production without oxygen.
Cellular Respiration
The document describes the process of cellular respiration which occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis converts one glucose molecule into two pyruvic acid molecules while producing ATP and NADH. The Krebs cycle further breaks down pyruvic acid to extract more energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. Finally, the electron transport chain uses the electrons from NADH and FADH2 to power ATP synthesis, producing about 36 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule through the entire cellular respiration process.
Respiration
The document provides an overview of cellular respiration. It describes the processes of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain that break down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and yields 2 ATP per glucose. The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur in the mitochondria using oxygen and yield approximately 38 ATP total per glucose molecule. Aerobic respiration using oxygen is about 50% efficient compared to only 2% for anaerobic respiration without oxygen.
krebscycle/TCA cycle-Metabolic pathways.pptx
The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and is a series of chemical reactions that generates energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It was discovered in 1937 by Hans Adolf Krebs and is also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each turn of the cycle produces ATP, NADH, and FADH2 that are used in cellular respiration to produce more ATP. Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle to be oxidized, producing carbon dioxide and more reduced coenzymes.
TCA cycle.pptx
“TCA cycle is the series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into ATP.” TCA cycle or Tricarboxylic Cycle is also known as Kreb's Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle.
Respiration
To review the process of respiration (aerobic and anaerobic).
Course = Edexcel A2 Biology - Topic 7.1.
Chapter 16 - The citric acid cycle - Biochemistry
The document discusses cellular respiration, which occurs in three stages: 1) acetyl-CoA production from organic fuels like glucose and fatty acids, 2) acetyl-CoA oxidation in the citric acid cycle (CAC) to produce NADH, FADH2, and GTP, and 3) oxidative phosphorylation to generate large amounts of ATP. The citric acid cycle involves a series of chemical reactions that generate energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. These stages capture energy from nutrients and transfer it to ATP via electron transport chains located in cellular organelles like mitochondria.
Chapter16 160419082018
The document discusses cellular respiration, which occurs in three stages: 1) acetyl-CoA production from organic fuels like glucose and fatty acids, 2) acetyl-CoA oxidation in the citric acid cycle (CAC) to produce NADH, FADH2, and GTP, and 3) oxidative phosphorylation to generate large amounts of ATP. The citric acid cycle involves a series of chemical reactions that generate energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. These stages capture energy from nutrients and facilitate the production of ATP to fuel cellular work.
KREBS CYCLE ppt. BIOCHEMISTRY FOR STUDENTS
This presessntation is meant for medical students and professionals .
Cell Energy Respiration
The document discusses cellular respiration, which is the process cells use to convert glucose into energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria, and the electron transport chain in the mitochondria. Glycolysis produces a small amount of ATP, while the electron transport chain produces the majority of ATP. Cellular respiration requires oxygen and glucose to produce water, carbon dioxide, and ATP as waste products. It is the reverse of photosynthesis.
Chapter 7 Energy for Cells
Cellular respiration takes place in four phases to break down glucose for energy: glycolysis outside the mitochondria, the preparatory reaction where pyruvate enters the mitochondria, the citric acid cycle inside the mitochondria, and the electron transport chain inside the mitochondria. The mitochondria are where most ATP is produced through redox reactions as electrons are passed through carriers, pumping hydrogen ions to power ATP synthase. When oxygen is limited, fermentation allows partial breakdown of glucose without oxygen to generate some ATP. Alternative pathways also allow other food sources like fats and proteins to be broken down for energy.
Revision Respiration
Respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose and other organic molecules to extract energy to power cellular processes. It involves three main stages: glycolysis in the cytoplasm, the link reaction producing acetyl CoA, and the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria. These stages release energy that is captured in ATP molecules and electron carriers like NADH and FADH2, which will be used later in the electron transport chain to produce more ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Similar to 7.4 (20)
cellular respiration and ATP stnthesis update .pptx
cellular respiration and ATP stnthesis update .pptx
More from Amo Oliverio
liters to quarts conversion.pptx
This document provides conversion steps to change 42 liters to quarts. It states that 1 liter equals 33.81 fluid ounces, and there is no direct conversion between liters and quarts. It then shows that fluid ounces can be converted to pints, which can then be converted to quarts, allowing liters to be fully converted to the required unit of quarts.
GSC109 01 lecture outline
This document provides an overview of concepts related to motion and equilibrium from a physics textbook. It discusses Aristotle's early ideas about motion, Galileo's concept of inertia based on experiments showing objects in motion tend to stay in motion, and mass as a measure of an object's inertia. The document also covers net force, equilibrium, types of forces including friction and support forces, and concepts such as speed, velocity, and acceleration.
Chapter 17 blood q and q part 2
Anemia is a condition where the blood has a low ability to carry oxygen due to having too few red blood cells or hemoglobin. There are several types of anemia including iron-deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, and sickle-cell anemia. Sickle-cell anemia is caused by an abnormal hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to become sickle-shaped, rupture easily, and block blood vessels. Blood doping artificially increases red blood cell counts and oxygen delivery but risks health issues. Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are the only complete cells in blood and include granulocytes like neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and others that fight infection and disease
Chapter 17 blood q and a part 1
The document summarizes key information about the components and functions of blood. It describes the three main components of blood as plasma, buffy coat, and erythrocytes. Plasma is the liquid portion that transports cells, nutrients, waste, etc. The buffy coat contains white blood cells and platelets. Erythrocytes are red blood cells that contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. The functions of blood include distribution of materials, regulation of pH and temperature, and protection from infection and blood loss. Anemias occur when the blood has a low oxygen-carrying capacity due to issues like blood loss, lack of nutrients, or bone marrow disorders.
Chapter18
The document discusses the origins and early evolution of life on Earth. It describes some of the conditions on the early Earth and how simple organic compounds may have formed through atmospheric reactions, hydrothermal vents, or delivery by meteorites. It also discusses experiments that demonstrate how self-assembly of these molecules could have led to the first protocells and metabolism, as well as the possible emergence of RNA prior to DNA as the genetic material. The document then covers the divergence of bacteria and archaea, the rise of oxygen due to cyanobacteria, the appearance of eukaryotes, and current hypotheses about the endosymbiotic origins of organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
8.6
Common joint injuries include cartilage tears, ligament sprains, and dislocations. Cartilage tears can cause locking or binding of the joint and are repaired through arthroscopic surgery. Ligament sprains occur when ligaments are stretched or torn, and require immobilization or surgical repair. Dislocations involve bones being forced out of alignment, accompanied by sprains and inflammation.
Inflammatory and degenerative joint conditions include bursitis, tendonitis, and various forms of arthritis. Bursitis and tendonitis involve inflammation of the bursa and tendon sheaths, usually from overuse. Arthritis encompasses over 100 diseases that damage joints, with osteoarthritis being the most common and involving breakdown of cartilage
8.4
Synovial joints have six general features including articular cartilage, a joint cavity, an articular capsule, synovial fluid, ligaments, and blood vessels. They allow movements like gliding, angular movements like flexion and extension, and rotation. Stability is influenced by factors like bone shape, ligaments, and muscle tone. There are six types of synovial joints classified by their shape and motion: plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket.
8.3
Cartilaginous joints unite bones through cartilage and have little movement. There are two types: synchondroses unite bones through a hyaline cartilage plate and are immovable, examples include epiphyseal plates in children; symphyses unite bones through fibrocartilage and allow some movement, examples include intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.
8.2
Fibrous joints are immovable joints joined by dense connective tissue fibers. There are three types: sutures which are rigid interlocking skull joints that allow growth; syndesmoses where bones are connected by ligaments of varying fiber length, allowing some movement; and gomphoses which are peg-in-socket joints like teeth in sockets held by the periodontal ligament.
8.1
Joints are where two or more bones meet, giving mobility to the skeleton while holding it together. There are two main classifications of joints - structural and functional. Structurally, joints are classified into three types based on the material binding them and whether a cavity is present: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial. The document will focus on the clearer structural classifications.
8.5 no vids
The document describes several synovial joints: the knee, shoulder, elbow, and hip. The knee is the largest and most complex joint, consisting of the femoropatellar joint and medial/lateral tibiofemoral joints. The shoulder has the most freedom of movement but lacks stability. The elbow acts as a hinge joint for flexion/extension. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint with the spherical femoral head fitting into the deep acetabulum.
8.5
The document describes several synovial joints, focusing on the knee, shoulder, and elbow joints. It provides details on:
- The knee joint is the largest and most complex joint, consisting of the femoropatellar joint and medial/lateral tibiofemoral joints. It allows flexion/extension and some rotation. Cruciate ligaments and menisci help stabilize the joint.
- The shoulder joint is the most freely moving but least stable joint, with a large humeral head fitting into a shallow glenoid cavity. Rotator cuff muscles and the long head of the biceps brachii provide stability.
- The elbow joint is a hinge joint formed by the tro
8.4
Synovial joints have six general features including articular cartilage, a joint cavity, an articular capsule, synovial fluid, ligaments, and blood vessels. They allow movements like gliding, angular movements like flexion and extension, and rotation. Stability is influenced by factors like bone shape, ligaments, and muscle tone. There are six types of synovial joints classified by their shape and motion: plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket.
6.7
Fractures occur when bones break. There are three classifications of fractures based on the position of bone ends, completeness of the break, and whether the skin is penetrated. Treatment involves realigning the broken bone ends through closed or open reduction and immobilizing the bone to heal. Bone repair occurs in four stages - hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling to reconstruct the original bone structure.
6.6
Bone remodeling occurs continuously as old bone is removed by osteoclasts and new bone is deposited by osteoblasts. Approximately 5-7% of bone mass is remodeled each week, with spongy bone being replaced about every 3-4 years and compact bone every 10 years. Bone remodeling is regulated by two control loops - hormonal control of blood calcium levels including PTH and calcitonin, and response to mechanical stress based on Wolff's law where bones remodel in response to stresses placed upon them.
6.5
Bone development occurs through two main processes: endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification. Endochondral ossification forms bones below the skull through replacement of cartilage models with bone tissue in a multi-step process beginning in the second month of development. Intramembranous ossification forms some flat bones of the skull through the direct development of bone within fibrous membranes in mesenchymal tissue. Postnatal bone growth continues through adolescence via growth at the epiphyseal plates of long bones.
6.4
Bones have a complex structure at multiple levels:
- Gross level includes compact bone on the outside and spongy bone on the inside, with membranes like the periosteum covering bones. Long bones have a shaft and ends.
- Microscopic level shows bone is made of osteons containing concentric lamellae, with canals containing blood vessels. Bone cells like osteoblasts and osteoclasts are involved in formation and breakdown.
- Chemical level consists of collagen fibers mineralized with calcium salts to give bone its strength.
6.8
The document discusses three major bone diseases: osteomalacia/rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency which results in soft, weak bones; osteoporosis where bone resorption exceeds formation leading to loss of bone mass and increased fracture risk, particularly in postmenopausal women; and Paget's disease where bone formation and resorption are excessive and disorganized. It also covers age-related changes to bone such as increased formation in childhood balancing resorption in adulthood, and declining bone density with age beginning in the fourth decade of life.
6.3
The document summarizes the classification of bones in the human skeleton. It is divided into two parts:
1) The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs attached to the axial skeleton by girdles.
2) Bones are also classified by their shape into four categories: long bones are longer than wide and found in the limbs, short bones are cube-shaped in the wrist and ankle, flat bones are thin and curved like those in the skull, and irregular bones have complicated shapes like the vertebrae and hip bones.
6.2
Bones have seven key functions: to provide support for the body and soft organs, protect vital organs like the brain and spinal cord, serve as levers for muscle movement, store minerals and growth factors like calcium and phosphorus, allow for blood cell formation in red bone marrow, store fat for energy, and help regulate hormones through the production of osteocalcin.
More from Amo Oliverio (20)
Recently uploaded
Stack Memory Organization of 8086 Microprocessor
The stack memory organization of 8086 microprocessor.
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Practical manual for National Examination Council, Nigeria.
Contains guides on answering questions on the specimens provided
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Educational Technology in the Health Sciences
Plenary presentation at the NTTC Inter-university Workshop, 18 June 2024, Manila Prince Hotel.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
How to Predict Vendor Bill Product in Odoo 17
This slide will guide us through the process of predicting vendor bill products based on previous purchases from the vendor in Odoo 17.
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15Benner "Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers"
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف أحرف الخلاف للقراء العشرةأعد أحرف الخلاف بالتلوين وصلا سمير بسيوني غفر الله له
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.Recently uploaded (20)
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
7.4
- 1. © Cengage Learning 2015 7.4 What Happens During the Second Stage of Aerobic Respiration? • The second stage of aerobic respiration occurs inside mitochondria – Includes two sets of reactions, acetyl–CoA formation and the Krebs cycle – These pathways break down the pyruvate produced during glycolysis
- 2. © Cengage Learning 2015 What Happens During the Second Stage of Aerobic Respiration? (cont’d.) mitochondrion matrix cytoplasm outer membrane inner membrane The breakdown of 2 pyruvate (from glycolysis) to 6 CO2 yields 2 ATP and 10 reduced coenzymes (8 NADH and 2 FADH2). Electrons carried by the coenzymes will power ATP formation in the third stage of aerobic respiration. 6 CO2 2 2 8 2 pyruvate 2 acetyl–CoA
- 3. © Cengage Learning 2015 Acetyl–CoA Formation • Steps of acetyl-CoA formation: – Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrial matrix – Pyruvate is split into CO2 and a two-carbon acetyl group (— COCH3) – CO2 diffuses out of the cell and the acetyl group combines with coenzyme A (CoA), forming acetyl-CoA • Electrons and hydrogen ions released by the reaction combine with NAD+, so NADH also forms
- 4. © Cengage Learning 2015 The Krebs Cycle • Steps of the Krebs cycle: – Two carbon atoms of acetyl–CoA are transferred to oxaloacetate, forming citrate – Two CO2 form and depart the cell – Two NAD+ are reduced when they accept hydrogen ions and electrons, forming two NADH
- 5. © Cengage Learning 2015 The Krebs Cycle (cont’d.) • Steps of the Krebs cycle (cont’d.): – ATP forms by substrate-level phosphorylation – Two coenzymes are reduced: an FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) and another NAD+ – Oxaloacetate is regenerated
- 6. © Cengage Learning 2015 The Krebs Cycle (cont’d.) • The combined second-stage reactions of aerobic respiration break down two pyruvate to six CO2 • Net yield of second-stage reactions is two ATP • Ten coenzymes (eight NAD+ and two FAD) are reduced – Provides electrons to the third stage of aerobic respiration
- 7. © Cengage Learning 2015 The Krebs Cycle (cont’d.) pyruvate (2) carbon dioxide (6) 2nd stage of aerobic respiration
Editor's Notes
- Figure 7.3 The second stage of aerobic respiration, acetyl–CoA formation and the Krebs cycle, occurs inside mitochondria. Left, an inner membrane divides a mitochondrion’s interior into two fluid-filled compartments. Right, the second stage of aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondrion’s innermost compartment, or matrix.