8.2
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Fibrous joints are immovable joints joined by dense connective tissue fibers. There are three types: sutures which are rigid interlocking skull joints that allow growth; syndesmoses where bones are connected by ligaments of varying fiber length, allowing some movement; and gomphoses which are peg-in-socket joints like teeth in sockets held by the periodontal ligament.
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8.3
Cartilaginous joints unite bones through cartilage and have little movement. There are two types: synchondroses unite bones through a hyaline cartilage plate and are immovable, examples include epiphyseal plates in children; symphyses unite bones through fibrocartilage and allow some movement, examples include intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.
Lecture 2. (fibrous & cartilagenous joint)
There are three types of fibrous joints: suture, syndesmosis, and gomphosis. Sutures join bones of the skull, syndesmoses join parallel bones like the tibia and fibula, held together by ligaments or interosseous membranes. Gomphoses anchor teeth into the jaw. There are also two types of cartilaginous joints: synchondroses join bones with hyaline cartilage like growth plates, and symphyses join bones with fibrocartilage like the intervertebral discs. These joints vary in mobility from synarthroses with no movement to amphiarthroses with slight movement.
Joints of human body
Joints connect bones and allow movement. There are three types of joints classified by movement: synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), and diarthrosis (freely movable). Joints can also be classified structurally as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial. Synovial joints are found at the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle and contain synovial fluid that reduces friction and nourishes cartilage.
Joints
The document discusses different types of joints in the human body. It begins by explaining that joints allow movement between bones and come in many varieties. It then covers three main types of joints - fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. Synovial joints are the most mobile and complex. They are further classified into six categories based on their structure and motion: gliding, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball and socket. Each joint type allows for specific ranges of motion.
Joints in skeletal system
This document discusses the skeletal system and different types of joints. It begins by defining a joint as the connection between two or more bones, and notes their functions of binding parts of the skeleton together and enabling movement. It then describes three classifications of joints: functional (based on movement), structural (based on connecting material), and synovial joints (which have a fluid-filled cavity). Several examples of each type of joint are provided, along with diagrams of their structures.
section 1, chapter 8: joints
Joints, or articulations, are functional connections between bones that allow for movement. There are three main classifications of joints based on their structure and movement capabilities. Fibrous joints are immovable and connect bones using dense connective tissue. Cartilaginous joints have slight movement and connect bones with cartilage. Synovial joints are fully movable and contain synovial fluid within a joint cavity to facilitate movement. Common synovial joints include ball-and-socket joints, hinge joints, and gliding joints.
Skeletal goes musical artifact 2
The document discusses how cancer treatments can damage bone marrow and prevent blood cell production, how osteoporosis weakens bones by inhibiting calcium's role in bone growth, and how epiphyseal plate fractures are more common in children and young adults as the plates at the ends of long bones are still hardening during growth. Proper nutrition is also highlighted as important for maintaining strong bones in adults.
Ch08 a. summary
This document provides an overview of the classification and types of joints in the human body. It discusses the structural and functional classifications of joints, including fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. It also describes the general structures of synovial joints and the different types of movements they allow, such as gliding, angular, rotational, and special movements.
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8.3
Cartilaginous joints unite bones through cartilage and have little movement. There are two types: synchondroses unite bones through a hyaline cartilage plate and are immovable, examples include epiphyseal plates in children; symphyses unite bones through fibrocartilage and allow some movement, examples include intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.
Lecture 2. (fibrous & cartilagenous joint)
There are three types of fibrous joints: suture, syndesmosis, and gomphosis. Sutures join bones of the skull, syndesmoses join parallel bones like the tibia and fibula, held together by ligaments or interosseous membranes. Gomphoses anchor teeth into the jaw. There are also two types of cartilaginous joints: synchondroses join bones with hyaline cartilage like growth plates, and symphyses join bones with fibrocartilage like the intervertebral discs. These joints vary in mobility from synarthroses with no movement to amphiarthroses with slight movement.
Joints of human body
Joints connect bones and allow movement. There are three types of joints classified by movement: synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), and diarthrosis (freely movable). Joints can also be classified structurally as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial. Synovial joints are found at the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle and contain synovial fluid that reduces friction and nourishes cartilage.
Joints
The document discusses different types of joints in the human body. It begins by explaining that joints allow movement between bones and come in many varieties. It then covers three main types of joints - fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. Synovial joints are the most mobile and complex. They are further classified into six categories based on their structure and motion: gliding, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball and socket. Each joint type allows for specific ranges of motion.
Joints in skeletal system
This document discusses the skeletal system and different types of joints. It begins by defining a joint as the connection between two or more bones, and notes their functions of binding parts of the skeleton together and enabling movement. It then describes three classifications of joints: functional (based on movement), structural (based on connecting material), and synovial joints (which have a fluid-filled cavity). Several examples of each type of joint are provided, along with diagrams of their structures.
section 1, chapter 8: joints
Joints, or articulations, are functional connections between bones that allow for movement. There are three main classifications of joints based on their structure and movement capabilities. Fibrous joints are immovable and connect bones using dense connective tissue. Cartilaginous joints have slight movement and connect bones with cartilage. Synovial joints are fully movable and contain synovial fluid within a joint cavity to facilitate movement. Common synovial joints include ball-and-socket joints, hinge joints, and gliding joints.
Skeletal goes musical artifact 2
The document discusses how cancer treatments can damage bone marrow and prevent blood cell production, how osteoporosis weakens bones by inhibiting calcium's role in bone growth, and how epiphyseal plate fractures are more common in children and young adults as the plates at the ends of long bones are still hardening during growth. Proper nutrition is also highlighted as important for maintaining strong bones in adults.
Ch08 a. summary
This document provides an overview of the classification and types of joints in the human body. It discusses the structural and functional classifications of joints, including fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. It also describes the general structures of synovial joints and the different types of movements they allow, such as gliding, angular, rotational, and special movements.
Appendicular Joints
The joints of the appendicular skeleton allow movement between bones while connecting them together. Joints are classified based on their structure and function. Structural classifications include fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. Functional classifications include synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses based on their range of motion. Synovial joints have the greatest range of motion and include features like articular cartilage, a joint capsule, and ligaments. The shape of synovial joints determines the specific movements they allow, such as hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, and others.
Unit 1 P2
Fixed joints do not move and are connected by fibrous connective tissue, like the skull bones. Slightly moveable joints allow a small amount of movement and are connected firmly by cartilage, such as the vertebrae. Most body joints are synovial joints, which are freely moveable and surrounded by an articular capsule containing synovial fluid to lubricate the joints, making them prone to injuries like dislocations.
structure of bone
The document discusses the gross and microscopic anatomy of long bones. Grossly, long bones are composed of a diaphysis or shaft made of compact bone covered by periosteum. The epiphyses at the ends are made of thin compact bone enclosing spongy bone. Articular cartilage provides a smooth, slippery joint surface. Microscopically, osteocytes are found in lacunae surrounding central haversian canals, communicating through canaliculi and perforating canals.
Articulations
This document discusses the anatomy of joints in the human body. It describes the different types of joints, including fibrous joints like sutures and syndesmoses, cartilaginous joints like synchondroses and symphyses, and synovial joints. Synovial joints are freely movable and include ball-and-socket joints, condyloid joints, saddle joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, and planar joints. The document provides details on the general anatomy of synovial joints and their accessory structures like bursae, fat pads, and tendons. It also briefly mentions different forms of arthritis.
Joints in human body
Joints are connections between bones that allow for movement and include fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. Synovial joints are the most mobile and complex type of joint, having articular cartilage covering the bone ends, a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, and a fibrous capsule lined with synovial membrane. The shape of the articular surfaces and presence of ligaments determine the specific movements possible at each type of synovial joint, such as the ball-and-socket shoulder joint which allows for the greatest range of motion in all directions.
Skeletal physiology
The document discusses skeletal physiology, including the functions of bones, bone homeostasis, ossification processes, fracture repair, bone cell types, and classifications of joints. It addresses five functions of bones: support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis. It describes the two types of ossification - intramembranous and endochondral - and the phases of fracture repair. Key bone cell types are identified as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Joints are classified based on both structure and function.
Long bone
This document provides an overview of long bone anatomy and classification of joints. It describes the main parts of long bones including the diaphysis, epiphyses, metaphysis and their structures. It also classifies bones based on shape and classifies joints based on both structure and function, describing the characteristics of synovial, cartilaginous and fibrous joints. Key joint types include ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, gliding and saddle joints.
Joints
Joints allow bones to articulate and move. There are three main types of joints - fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial. Fibrous joints have connective tissue and no synovial cavity, permitting little movement. Cartilaginous joints are united by cartilage with no synovial cavity. Synovial joints contain a synovial cavity allowing free movement. Synovial joints can be further classified by their shape and motion including hinge, ball-and-socket, and saddle joints. Range of motion at synovial joints is affected by factors like bone structure, ligament strength, muscle arrangement, and age.
1 Bone Structure and Composition
Bone is a composite material made up of cells and an extracellular matrix. At the micro level, bone contains osteoblasts that build bone tissue, osteoclasts that resorb bone, and osteocytes embedded in the matrix. The matrix is made of collagen fibers mineralized with hydroxyapatite crystals. Bones can be classified by their macro structure as long, short, flat, or irregular. Long bones have a diaphysis and epiphyses. Bone structure is adapted to its mechanical functions according to Wolff's law.
Human anatomy articulations
The document discusses the anatomy of human joints. It defines a joint as the place where bones connect. Joints are classified based on the type of connective tissue and whether a space exists between the bones. The three main types of joints are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. Synovial joints have a fluid-filled cavity and allow the most movement. Within synovial joints, movement can be uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial. The six specific types of synovial joints, from least to most movable, are planar joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, condyloid joints, saddle joints, and ball-and-socket joints.
Artifact two
This document summarizes key aspects of skeletal physiology:
- It describes the four types of bones and the typical structures of long bones, including the diaphysis, epiphyses, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, and endosteum.
- It also discusses the major bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes), the Haversian system, bone matrix composition, and methods of measuring bone mineral density.
- Additional sections cover bone formation through intramembranous and endochondral ossification, fracture repair, cartilage types, bone growth, joint classification, and homeostasis functions of bones.
Bio sci report.
Joints have two main functions - to hold bones together securely while also allowing mobility of the skeleton. There are three main types of joints classified structurally: fibrous joints which connect bones using fibrous tissue, cartilaginous joints which connect bones using cartilage, and synovial joints which have a joint cavity containing synovial fluid and account for all limb joints. Synovial joints have four key features - articular cartilage covering the bone ends, a fibrous articular capsule enclosing a joint cavity lined with synovial membrane, the joint cavity containing lubricating synovial fluid, and reinforcing ligaments supporting the fibrous capsule.
"Anatomy and Physiology of Bone"- Sheersha Pramanik
In my presentation, I have described about the anatomy and physiology of bone and also did a elaboration on the pathways which is responsible for bone cells formation. For more details related to bone you can contact me on my email : sheershopramanik24@gmail.com
Concept 27.4
The skeleton functions in support and movement
Presentation created by Ricardo Molina, Rodrigo Duarte, Kevin Luttmann, and José Juan Ucles.
Gross structure of adult long bone
The skeletal system has several important functions:
1. It provides structure and support for the body, protects internal organs, and allows for movement through muscle attachment points.
2. Bones store minerals like calcium and aid in mineral homeostasis. Certain bones also produce blood cells.
3. The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Bones are living tissues with osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. They have an extracellular matrix containing collagen and minerals like hydroxyapatite.
LT4.2 Skeletal System
There are two types of bone tissue: compact bone which is dense and forms the outer layer, and spongy bone which is less dense and found in low stress areas. Bones are composed of osteocytes embedded in bone matrix, as well as osteoblasts which build bone, osteoclasts which resorb bone, and osteogenic cells which develop into osteoblasts. A long bone has a central shaft made of compact bone surrounding marrow, expanded ends made of inner spongy and outer compact bone lined with marrow, and growth plates between the shaft and ends.
Ch06 a. summary
This document discusses skeletal cartilage and bones. It describes three types of cartilage - hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage provides support, flexibility and resilience and is present in joints. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers and is found in the ear and epiglottis. Fibrocartilage has great tensile strength and contains collagen fibers, found in the knee and spine. Bones are classified based on their shape as long, short, flat, or irregular. Bones provide structure, protection, movement, mineral storage and blood cell formation. They have projections, depressions and openings for attachments. Long bones have a diaphysis and epiphyses. Bone is made of compact outer layers and spongy
Muskloskeletal physiology mbbs 4 batch [6]
Bone tissue is a complex living tissue that is continuously remodeling itself through the breakdown of old bone and formation of new bone. It consists of several cell types within an extracellular matrix of collagen fibers and mineral salts. Bone provides structural support to the body, protects internal organs, assists in movement, stores minerals, produces blood cells, and stores fats. The continuous remodeling of bone tissue through the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts allows bones to maintain their strength and repair damage.
Structure of long bone
Long bones have several key structures: cartilage supports the ends, epiphyseal plates allow for growth, the epiphysis are the top and bottom sections, the diaphysis is the long shaft, the periosteum is the outer layer, the medullary cavity stores blood cells and fat, compact bone is hard bone, and cancellous bone has a spongy or honeycomb appearance.
Human bones
The document discusses the structure and formation of bone. It begins by introducing bone composition, including inorganic crystals like hydroxyapatite that provide strength and an organic matrix of collagen that provides flexibility. It describes the different cells involved, including osteoblasts that build bone and osteoclasts that resorb it.
It then covers the classification of bone by location in the body, quality from dense to porous, shape as long, short, flat or irregular, and developmental origin as intramembranous or endochondral. The structure of long bones is outlined including the diaphysis, epiphysis, periosteum and marrow cavity.
Finally, the two mechanisms of bone formation are summarized - endochondral
Fibrous joints
This document discusses the three types of joints in the body - fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. It focuses on fibrous joints, which are connections between bones held together by collagen fibers or other fibrous connective tissues, making them largely immobile. Examples of fibrous joints include sutures in the skull, syndesmoses between bones of the limbs, and gomphoses where teeth attach to alveolar sockets. While fibrous joints allow little to no movement, they provide strength and stability at sites of bone connection throughout the body.
8.6
Common joint injuries include cartilage tears, ligament sprains, and dislocations. Cartilage tears can cause locking or binding of the joint and are repaired through arthroscopic surgery. Ligament sprains occur when ligaments are stretched or torn, and require immobilization or surgical repair. Dislocations involve bones being forced out of alignment, accompanied by sprains and inflammation.
Inflammatory and degenerative joint conditions include bursitis, tendonitis, and various forms of arthritis. Bursitis and tendonitis involve inflammation of the bursa and tendon sheaths, usually from overuse. Arthritis encompasses over 100 diseases that damage joints, with osteoarthritis being the most common and involving breakdown of cartilage
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Appendicular Joints
The joints of the appendicular skeleton allow movement between bones while connecting them together. Joints are classified based on their structure and function. Structural classifications include fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. Functional classifications include synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses based on their range of motion. Synovial joints have the greatest range of motion and include features like articular cartilage, a joint capsule, and ligaments. The shape of synovial joints determines the specific movements they allow, such as hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, and others.
Unit 1 P2
Fixed joints do not move and are connected by fibrous connective tissue, like the skull bones. Slightly moveable joints allow a small amount of movement and are connected firmly by cartilage, such as the vertebrae. Most body joints are synovial joints, which are freely moveable and surrounded by an articular capsule containing synovial fluid to lubricate the joints, making them prone to injuries like dislocations.
structure of bone
The document discusses the gross and microscopic anatomy of long bones. Grossly, long bones are composed of a diaphysis or shaft made of compact bone covered by periosteum. The epiphyses at the ends are made of thin compact bone enclosing spongy bone. Articular cartilage provides a smooth, slippery joint surface. Microscopically, osteocytes are found in lacunae surrounding central haversian canals, communicating through canaliculi and perforating canals.
Articulations
This document discusses the anatomy of joints in the human body. It describes the different types of joints, including fibrous joints like sutures and syndesmoses, cartilaginous joints like synchondroses and symphyses, and synovial joints. Synovial joints are freely movable and include ball-and-socket joints, condyloid joints, saddle joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, and planar joints. The document provides details on the general anatomy of synovial joints and their accessory structures like bursae, fat pads, and tendons. It also briefly mentions different forms of arthritis.
Joints in human body
Joints are connections between bones that allow for movement and include fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. Synovial joints are the most mobile and complex type of joint, having articular cartilage covering the bone ends, a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, and a fibrous capsule lined with synovial membrane. The shape of the articular surfaces and presence of ligaments determine the specific movements possible at each type of synovial joint, such as the ball-and-socket shoulder joint which allows for the greatest range of motion in all directions.
Skeletal physiology
The document discusses skeletal physiology, including the functions of bones, bone homeostasis, ossification processes, fracture repair, bone cell types, and classifications of joints. It addresses five functions of bones: support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis. It describes the two types of ossification - intramembranous and endochondral - and the phases of fracture repair. Key bone cell types are identified as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Joints are classified based on both structure and function.
Long bone
This document provides an overview of long bone anatomy and classification of joints. It describes the main parts of long bones including the diaphysis, epiphyses, metaphysis and their structures. It also classifies bones based on shape and classifies joints based on both structure and function, describing the characteristics of synovial, cartilaginous and fibrous joints. Key joint types include ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, gliding and saddle joints.
Joints
Joints allow bones to articulate and move. There are three main types of joints - fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial. Fibrous joints have connective tissue and no synovial cavity, permitting little movement. Cartilaginous joints are united by cartilage with no synovial cavity. Synovial joints contain a synovial cavity allowing free movement. Synovial joints can be further classified by their shape and motion including hinge, ball-and-socket, and saddle joints. Range of motion at synovial joints is affected by factors like bone structure, ligament strength, muscle arrangement, and age.
1 Bone Structure and Composition
Bone is a composite material made up of cells and an extracellular matrix. At the micro level, bone contains osteoblasts that build bone tissue, osteoclasts that resorb bone, and osteocytes embedded in the matrix. The matrix is made of collagen fibers mineralized with hydroxyapatite crystals. Bones can be classified by their macro structure as long, short, flat, or irregular. Long bones have a diaphysis and epiphyses. Bone structure is adapted to its mechanical functions according to Wolff's law.
Human anatomy articulations
The document discusses the anatomy of human joints. It defines a joint as the place where bones connect. Joints are classified based on the type of connective tissue and whether a space exists between the bones. The three main types of joints are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. Synovial joints have a fluid-filled cavity and allow the most movement. Within synovial joints, movement can be uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial. The six specific types of synovial joints, from least to most movable, are planar joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, condyloid joints, saddle joints, and ball-and-socket joints.
Artifact two
This document summarizes key aspects of skeletal physiology:
- It describes the four types of bones and the typical structures of long bones, including the diaphysis, epiphyses, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, and endosteum.
- It also discusses the major bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes), the Haversian system, bone matrix composition, and methods of measuring bone mineral density.
- Additional sections cover bone formation through intramembranous and endochondral ossification, fracture repair, cartilage types, bone growth, joint classification, and homeostasis functions of bones.
Bio sci report.
Joints have two main functions - to hold bones together securely while also allowing mobility of the skeleton. There are three main types of joints classified structurally: fibrous joints which connect bones using fibrous tissue, cartilaginous joints which connect bones using cartilage, and synovial joints which have a joint cavity containing synovial fluid and account for all limb joints. Synovial joints have four key features - articular cartilage covering the bone ends, a fibrous articular capsule enclosing a joint cavity lined with synovial membrane, the joint cavity containing lubricating synovial fluid, and reinforcing ligaments supporting the fibrous capsule.
"Anatomy and Physiology of Bone"- Sheersha Pramanik
In my presentation, I have described about the anatomy and physiology of bone and also did a elaboration on the pathways which is responsible for bone cells formation. For more details related to bone you can contact me on my email : sheershopramanik24@gmail.com
Concept 27.4
The skeleton functions in support and movement
Presentation created by Ricardo Molina, Rodrigo Duarte, Kevin Luttmann, and José Juan Ucles.
Gross structure of adult long bone
The skeletal system has several important functions:
1. It provides structure and support for the body, protects internal organs, and allows for movement through muscle attachment points.
2. Bones store minerals like calcium and aid in mineral homeostasis. Certain bones also produce blood cells.
3. The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Bones are living tissues with osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. They have an extracellular matrix containing collagen and minerals like hydroxyapatite.
LT4.2 Skeletal System
There are two types of bone tissue: compact bone which is dense and forms the outer layer, and spongy bone which is less dense and found in low stress areas. Bones are composed of osteocytes embedded in bone matrix, as well as osteoblasts which build bone, osteoclasts which resorb bone, and osteogenic cells which develop into osteoblasts. A long bone has a central shaft made of compact bone surrounding marrow, expanded ends made of inner spongy and outer compact bone lined with marrow, and growth plates between the shaft and ends.
Ch06 a. summary
This document discusses skeletal cartilage and bones. It describes three types of cartilage - hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage provides support, flexibility and resilience and is present in joints. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers and is found in the ear and epiglottis. Fibrocartilage has great tensile strength and contains collagen fibers, found in the knee and spine. Bones are classified based on their shape as long, short, flat, or irregular. Bones provide structure, protection, movement, mineral storage and blood cell formation. They have projections, depressions and openings for attachments. Long bones have a diaphysis and epiphyses. Bone is made of compact outer layers and spongy
Muskloskeletal physiology mbbs 4 batch [6]
Bone tissue is a complex living tissue that is continuously remodeling itself through the breakdown of old bone and formation of new bone. It consists of several cell types within an extracellular matrix of collagen fibers and mineral salts. Bone provides structural support to the body, protects internal organs, assists in movement, stores minerals, produces blood cells, and stores fats. The continuous remodeling of bone tissue through the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts allows bones to maintain their strength and repair damage.
Structure of long bone
Long bones have several key structures: cartilage supports the ends, epiphyseal plates allow for growth, the epiphysis are the top and bottom sections, the diaphysis is the long shaft, the periosteum is the outer layer, the medullary cavity stores blood cells and fat, compact bone is hard bone, and cancellous bone has a spongy or honeycomb appearance.
Human bones
The document discusses the structure and formation of bone. It begins by introducing bone composition, including inorganic crystals like hydroxyapatite that provide strength and an organic matrix of collagen that provides flexibility. It describes the different cells involved, including osteoblasts that build bone and osteoclasts that resorb it.
It then covers the classification of bone by location in the body, quality from dense to porous, shape as long, short, flat or irregular, and developmental origin as intramembranous or endochondral. The structure of long bones is outlined including the diaphysis, epiphysis, periosteum and marrow cavity.
Finally, the two mechanisms of bone formation are summarized - endochondral
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"Anatomy and Physiology of Bone"- Sheersha Pramanik
"Anatomy and Physiology of Bone"- Sheersha Pramanik
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Fibrous joints
This document discusses the three types of joints in the body - fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. It focuses on fibrous joints, which are connections between bones held together by collagen fibers or other fibrous connective tissues, making them largely immobile. Examples of fibrous joints include sutures in the skull, syndesmoses between bones of the limbs, and gomphoses where teeth attach to alveolar sockets. While fibrous joints allow little to no movement, they provide strength and stability at sites of bone connection throughout the body.
8.6
Common joint injuries include cartilage tears, ligament sprains, and dislocations. Cartilage tears can cause locking or binding of the joint and are repaired through arthroscopic surgery. Ligament sprains occur when ligaments are stretched or torn, and require immobilization or surgical repair. Dislocations involve bones being forced out of alignment, accompanied by sprains and inflammation.
Inflammatory and degenerative joint conditions include bursitis, tendonitis, and various forms of arthritis. Bursitis and tendonitis involve inflammation of the bursa and tendon sheaths, usually from overuse. Arthritis encompasses over 100 diseases that damage joints, with osteoarthritis being the most common and involving breakdown of cartilage
8.1
Joints are where two or more bones meet, giving mobility to the skeleton while holding it together. There are two main classifications of joints - structural and functional. Structurally, joints are classified into three types based on the material binding them and whether a cavity is present: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial. The document will focus on the clearer structural classifications.
Synovial joint medicos notes.com ( Form MBBS students )
A synovial joint is where two bones meet, separated by a joint cavity lined with synovial membrane. Key features include articular cartilage on the bone ends, a fibrous joint capsule enclosing the cavity, synovial fluid within the cavity, and often additional structures like menisci or discs. Synovial joints allow movement and are classified by the shape of their articular surfaces and the specific movements they permit, such as hinge, ball-and-socket, and gliding joints.
Joints structure and classification
A joint is formed where two or more bones come into contact and are attached by ligaments or cartilage. There are several types of joints including fibrous joints which have no movement, cartilaginous joints which allow limited movement, and synovial joints which are freely movable and lubricated by synovial fluid within a joint capsule. Common synovial joints include ball-and-socket joints like the shoulder, hinge joints like the knee, and gliding joints between wrist and ankle bones.
Joints powerpoint
Joints connect bones together and allow movement. There are over 200 joints in the human body. Joints are classified by their structure and movement. The three main types are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. Synovial joints are the most common and movable. They include ball-and-socket, hinge, and gliding joints which allow different types of movement like flexion, extension, and rotation.
Joints
The document discusses different types of joints in the human body. There are three main types of joints: fixed or immovable joints where bones overlap and do not move; slightly movable joints where bones can move a little and are connected by ligaments and cartilage; and freely movable or synovial joints where bones move freely, including ball-and-socket joints in the hips and shoulders. The document further describes six types of synovial joints based on their movement: ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle, and condyloid joints. Examples are provided of each type of joint and how they enable different motions.
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Synovial joint medicos notes.com ( Form MBBS students )
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The document describes a lecture on joints, including their classification into fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. It details the structures and types of synovial joints like ball-and-socket and hinge joints, and the movements they allow. Examples of selected joints like the temporomandibular joint, shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee are also outlined.
Skeletal, joint, muscle systems
The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement and other essential functions for the body. There are various types of bones including long, short, flat and irregular bones. Bone structure consists of compact and spongy bone tissue with osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts regulating bone formation and resorption. Bones are formed through intramembranous or endochondral ossification. The muscular system allows for body movement through skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation via the sliding filament mechanism. Muscle fibers contain myofibrils with overlapping thick and thin filaments that shorten during contraction.
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The document discusses the different types of bones in the human skeletal system. It describes long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. It then provides details on the structure of long bones and the differences between compact and spongy bone. Finally, it covers the three types of cartilage - hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage - and discusses cartilage and bone growth and development through endochondral and intramembranous ossification.
6.4
Bones have a complex structure at multiple levels:
- Gross level includes compact bone on the outside and spongy bone on the inside, with membranes like the periosteum covering bones. Long bones have a shaft and ends.
- Microscopic level shows bone is made of osteons containing concentric lamellae, with canals containing blood vessels. Bone cells like osteoblasts and osteoclasts are involved in formation and breakdown.
- Chemical level consists of collagen fibers mineralized with calcium salts to give bone its strength.
6.4
Bones have three levels of structure - gross, microscopic, and chemical. At the gross level, bones can be classified as long, short, flat, or irregular. Long bones have a shaft and two ends, while flat bones are thin and sandwich a layer of spongy bone. Microscopically, bones contain five main cell types and have compact bone with Haversian systems and spongy bone with trabeculae. Chemically, bones consist of both organic components like collagen and inorganic mineral salts.
BSN 4th SEMESTER_Mixed notes_unit 5 joints.ppt
The document discusses the classification and types of bones and joints in the human body. It begins by classifying bones into long, short, flat, and irregular shapes based on their structure. It then discusses the three types of joints - fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial - based on their structure and degree of movement. The majority of the document focuses on the different types of synovial joints, their movements, and factors that affect range of motion.
Bio 2 Chapter 30 - Bones and Muscles
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Ch 09 Muslces and Muslce Tissue Gillette College
This document discusses muscle tissue and the three main types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, attaches to bones, and is used for movement. Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart and contracts involuntarily. Smooth muscle lines organs and contracts involuntarily. The microscopic structure of skeletal muscle fibers includes myofibrils containing sarcomeres with overlapping thin and thick filaments that slide past each other during muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle contraction is stimulated by motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction where acetylcholine is released.
Bone or osseous tissue/ oral surgery courses
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
PMS 1 intro
The musculoskeletal system is comprised of muscles, bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints. It allows for movement via skeletal muscles attaching to bones. Bones provide support, protection, movement, storage of minerals, blood cell production, and heat generation. The musculoskeletal system includes long bones with a diaphysis and two epiphyses, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones. Joints can be fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial, each varying in mobility. The musculoskeletal system works with tendons, ligaments, cartilage and joints to provide structure and movement to the body.
bones
Bones are rigid organs that form the endoskeleton and have several important functions, including movement, support, protection and storage of minerals. There are two types of ossification that form bones - intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification forms some flat bones directly in fibrous membranes, while endochondral ossification first forms cartilage templates that are later replaced by bone. Long bones develop primarily through endochondral ossification, beginning as cartilage that is later invaded by blood vessels and replaced with spongy bone. Growth plates allow bones to lengthen, and remodeling allows bones to increase in thickness. Calcium homeostasis and bone health rely on adequate vitamin D, which facilitates intestinal
Joints
This document summarizes the different types of joints in the body. It discusses fibrous joints, which are connected by dense irregular connective tissue and include sutures in the skull. It also describes synovial joints, which allow movement and have a synovial capsule surrounding them. The main types of synovial joints are ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and plane joints. Additionally, it outlines cartilaginous joints, which are connected entirely by cartilage and allow more movement than fibrous joints but less than synovial joints. The document also classifies joints based on their structure, function, and the types of movement they allow.
Bones and its structure in detail with two different form of bone formation
It consist of detail content about different types of bone cells, two different type of bone formation and structure of long bone. easy to understand for students. language is simple.
class_2_bone_type_model_college.ppt
Bones can be classified in several ways based on their shape, development, location in the body, and microscopic structure. The main types of bones by shape are long bones found in the limbs, short bones in the wrists and ankles, flat bones that make up surfaces like the skull, and irregularly shaped bones like vertebrae. Bones also develop differently as membrane bones, cartilaginous bones, or a combination. Key functions of bones include support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation. The basic structure of bones includes compact cortical bone on the outside and spongy cancellous bone on the inside, with bone cells and matrix throughout.
skeletal
The document describes the classification and structure of bones. It discusses the five categories of bone classification based on shape - long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid. It then describes the gross anatomy and microscopic structure of long bones, including their diaphysis, epiphyses, epiphyseal plate, periosteum, endosteum, and medullary cavity. Finally, it discusses the histology and microscopic anatomy of compact and spongy bone, including osteons, lacunae, lamellae, central canals, Volkmann canals, trabeculae, and the cells and tissues involved in bone formation and structure.
Bones and cartilage
This document discusses bones, cartilages, and joints. It describes the composition, types and functions of bones, including long bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. It examines bone cells, formation, and healing. The document also details the types of cartilage, including hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage. Additionally, it outlines the different types of joints that restrict movement, allow movement, and names some joint abnormalities.
Skeletal_System.ppt
The document discusses the classification and structure of bones. Bones are classified based on their shape as long, short, flat, irregular, or sesamoid. Long bones have a shaft and expanded ends, and contain mostly compact bone. Short bones are cube-shaped with mostly spongy bone. Flat bones are thin with layers of compact bone around spongy bone. Irregular bones have irregular shapes. Microscopically, bones contain compact and spongy bone. Compact bone is dense with concentric circles while spongy bone has trabeculae and spaces. Bones provide structure, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
Bone development and morphology / dental crown & bridge courses
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF JOINT
1) There are three main types of joints in the body: fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints.
2) Fibrous joints are joined by connective tissue, cartilaginous joints are joined by cartilage, and synovial joints contain a fluid-filled cavity allowing for movement.
3) Important synovial joints include the ball and socket shoulder and hip joints, the hinge elbow and knee joints, and gliding joints between vertebrae. These joints are important for movement and have structures like cartilage, ligaments, and synovial fluid that allow the bones to articulate smoothly.
Similar to 8.2 (20)
Bones and its structure in detail with two different form of bone formation
Bones and its structure in detail with two different form of bone formation
Bone development and morphology / dental crown & bridge courses
Bone development and morphology / dental crown & bridge courses
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The document discusses the origins and early evolution of life on Earth. It describes some of the conditions on the early Earth and how simple organic compounds may have formed through atmospheric reactions, hydrothermal vents, or delivery by meteorites. It also discusses experiments that demonstrate how self-assembly of these molecules could have led to the first protocells and metabolism, as well as the possible emergence of RNA prior to DNA as the genetic material. The document then covers the divergence of bacteria and archaea, the rise of oxygen due to cyanobacteria, the appearance of eukaryotes, and current hypotheses about the endosymbiotic origins of organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
8.4
Synovial joints have six general features including articular cartilage, a joint cavity, an articular capsule, synovial fluid, ligaments, and blood vessels. They allow movements like gliding, angular movements like flexion and extension, and rotation. Stability is influenced by factors like bone shape, ligaments, and muscle tone. There are six types of synovial joints classified by their shape and motion: plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket.
8.5 no vids
The document describes several synovial joints: the knee, shoulder, elbow, and hip. The knee is the largest and most complex joint, consisting of the femoropatellar joint and medial/lateral tibiofemoral joints. The shoulder has the most freedom of movement but lacks stability. The elbow acts as a hinge joint for flexion/extension. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint with the spherical femoral head fitting into the deep acetabulum.
8.5
The document describes several synovial joints, focusing on the knee, shoulder, and elbow joints. It provides details on:
- The knee joint is the largest and most complex joint, consisting of the femoropatellar joint and medial/lateral tibiofemoral joints. It allows flexion/extension and some rotation. Cruciate ligaments and menisci help stabilize the joint.
- The shoulder joint is the most freely moving but least stable joint, with a large humeral head fitting into a shallow glenoid cavity. Rotator cuff muscles and the long head of the biceps brachii provide stability.
- The elbow joint is a hinge joint formed by the tro
8.4
Synovial joints have six general features including articular cartilage, a joint cavity, an articular capsule, synovial fluid, ligaments, and blood vessels. They allow movements like gliding, angular movements like flexion and extension, and rotation. Stability is influenced by factors like bone shape, ligaments, and muscle tone. There are six types of synovial joints classified by their shape and motion: plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket.
6.7
Fractures occur when bones break. There are three classifications of fractures based on the position of bone ends, completeness of the break, and whether the skin is penetrated. Treatment involves realigning the broken bone ends through closed or open reduction and immobilizing the bone to heal. Bone repair occurs in four stages - hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling to reconstruct the original bone structure.
6.6
Bone remodeling occurs continuously as old bone is removed by osteoclasts and new bone is deposited by osteoblasts. Approximately 5-7% of bone mass is remodeled each week, with spongy bone being replaced about every 3-4 years and compact bone every 10 years. Bone remodeling is regulated by two control loops - hormonal control of blood calcium levels including PTH and calcitonin, and response to mechanical stress based on Wolff's law where bones remodel in response to stresses placed upon them.
6.5
Bone development occurs through two main processes: endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification. Endochondral ossification forms bones below the skull through replacement of cartilage models with bone tissue in a multi-step process beginning in the second month of development. Intramembranous ossification forms some flat bones of the skull through the direct development of bone within fibrous membranes in mesenchymal tissue. Postnatal bone growth continues through adolescence via growth at the epiphyseal plates of long bones.
6.8
The document discusses three major bone diseases: osteomalacia/rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency which results in soft, weak bones; osteoporosis where bone resorption exceeds formation leading to loss of bone mass and increased fracture risk, particularly in postmenopausal women; and Paget's disease where bone formation and resorption are excessive and disorganized. It also covers age-related changes to bone such as increased formation in childhood balancing resorption in adulthood, and declining bone density with age beginning in the fourth decade of life.
6.3
The document summarizes the classification of bones in the human skeleton. It is divided into two parts:
1) The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs attached to the axial skeleton by girdles.
2) Bones are also classified by their shape into four categories: long bones are longer than wide and found in the limbs, short bones are cube-shaped in the wrist and ankle, flat bones are thin and curved like those in the skull, and irregular bones have complicated shapes like the vertebrae and hip bones.
6.2
Bones have seven key functions: to provide support for the body and soft organs, protect vital organs like the brain and spinal cord, serve as levers for muscle movement, store minerals and growth factors like calcium and phosphorus, allow for blood cell formation in red bone marrow, store fat for energy, and help regulate hormones through the production of osteocalcin.
6.1
Skeletal cartilage is made of resilient tissue containing chondrocytes encased in lacunae within an extracellular matrix. There are three types of cartilage - hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage - located in various parts of the body like joints, ribs, ears. Cartilage grows through appositional growth at its surface by perichondrial cells or interstitial growth within by chondrocytes division and matrix secretion. Calcification can occur in cartilage during youth bone growth or in old age.
16.9
An asteroid impact 65.5 million years ago may have caused a mass extinction event that resulted in the simultaneous loss of many lineages from Earth. This event is marked by a unique global rock layer known as the K-Pg boundary, which formed 65.5 million years ago and implies an abrupt transition in the fossil record at the time of mass extinction.
16.8
Similar patterns of embryonic development and shared master genes that control development reflect common ancestry between species. Highly similar DNA and protein sequences, especially in genes that guide development, provide evidence that more closely related species evolved from a shared ancestor. Differences in gene expression between species can lead to differences in body form, as seen when comparing chickens and snakes. Protein sequences are also compared between species, and fewer differences are observed between more closely related lineages.
16.7
Evolution leaves evidence in body form through comparative morphology, homologous structures, and morphological convergence. Comparative morphology shows similarities in body parts that reflect shared ancestry and can be used to unravel evolutionary relationships. Homologous structures are body parts that appear different but share an aspect of similarity due to descent from a common ancestor. Morphological convergence occurs when similar structures evolve independently in different lineages through analogous structures that look alike but did not evolve from a common ancestor.
16.5
The document discusses how the Earth has changed over geologic time according to the theory of plate tectonics. Approximately 237 million years ago, all the continents were joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea, which broke up about 152 million years ago. Continents have drifted over time as new crust spreads from oceanic ridges, pushing tectonic plates apart. An earlier supercontinent, Gondwana, existed over 500 million years ago and included most of the landmasses in the Southern Hemisphere before breaking up in the Silurian period.
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8.2
- 1. 8.2 Fibrous Joints • Bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue • No joint cavity • Most are immovable – Depends on length of connective tissue fibers • Three types of fibrous joints – Sutures – Syndesmoses – Gomphoses © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 2. Sutures • Rigid, interlocking joints of skull • Allow for growth during youth – Contain short connective tissue fibers that allow for expansion • In middle age, sutures ossify and fuse – Immovable joints join skull into one unit that protects brain – Closed, immovable sutures referred to as synostoses © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 3. Figure 8.1a Fibrous joints. Suture Joint held together with very short, interconnecting fibers, and bone edges interlock. Found only in the skull. Suture line Fibrous connective tissue © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 4. Syndesmoses • Bones connected by ligaments, bands of fibrous tissue • Fiber length varies, so movement varies – Short fibers offer little to no movement • Example: inferior tibiofibular joint – Longer fibers offer a larger amount of movement • Example: interosseous membrane connecting radius and ulna © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 5. Figure 8.1b Fibrous joints. Syndesmosis Joint held together by a ligament. Fibrous tissue can vary in length, but is longer than in sutures. Fibula Tibia Ligament © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 6. Gomphoses • Peg-in-socket joints • Only examples are the teeth in alveolar sockets • Fibrous connection is the periodontal ligament – Holds tooth in socket © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 7. Figure 8.1c Fibrous joints. Gomphosis “Peg in socket” fibrous joint. Periodontal ligament holds tooth in socket. Socket of alveolar process Root of tooth Periodontal ligament © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.