การใช้ยาในสตรีมีครรภ์และมารดาที่ให้นมบุตร
(Drug used in pregnancy and lactation)
อ.ภญ.นันทวรรณ กิติกรรณากรณ์
แหล่งข้อมูล
http://phamacy.nkh.go.th/Doc/Lactation.pdf
การใช้ยาในสตรีมีครรภ์และมารดาที่ให้นมบุตร
(Drug used in pregnancy and lactation)
อ.ภญ.นันทวรรณ กิติกรรณากรณ์
แหล่งข้อมูล
http://phamacy.nkh.go.th/Doc/Lactation.pdf
Vaccination involves stimulating immunity in the human body against specific diseases using modified or killed microorganisms. There are three main types of vaccines: killed vaccines using normal infections; attenuated vaccines using live but weakened virus particles; and subunit vaccines using purified virus components. Vaccination reduces susceptibility to infection, can slow or stop the spread of disease, and helps protect not only those vaccinated but also the wider community. However, some viruses mutate rapidly requiring new vaccines, vaccination involves costs and trained professionals, and both mild and severe side effects can occasionally occur.
This document provides guidelines for routine childhood immunizations. It recommends that all children receive vaccines for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, and varicella by 18 months of age through multiple doses. It provides specific dosing schedules and guidelines for vaccines including DTaP, IPV, MMR, varicella, pneumococcal, hepatitis A, influenza, meningococcal, typhoid, rabies, and rotavirus. It also outlines general rules regarding contraindications and precautions for vaccination.
Vaccination involves stimulating immunity in the human body against specific diseases using modified or killed microorganisms. There are three main types of vaccines: killed vaccines using normal infections; attenuated vaccines using live but weakened virus particles; and subunit vaccines using purified virus components. Vaccination reduces susceptibility to infection, can slow or stop the spread of disease, and helps protect not only those vaccinated but also the wider community. However, some viruses mutate rapidly requiring new vaccines, vaccination involves costs and trained professionals, and both mild and severe side effects can occasionally occur.
This document provides guidelines for routine childhood immunizations. It recommends that all children receive vaccines for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, and varicella by 18 months of age through multiple doses. It provides specific dosing schedules and guidelines for vaccines including DTaP, IPV, MMR, varicella, pneumococcal, hepatitis A, influenza, meningococcal, typhoid, rabies, and rotavirus. It also outlines general rules regarding contraindications and precautions for vaccination.
This document discusses the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine. It provides details on the individual vaccine components, including the virus strains used and growth media. The effectiveness of one dose of the MMR vaccine is outlined, noting most recipients will be immune to each disease. However, a small percentage may not, necessitating a second dose. Potential side effects are described as mostly mild, like fever and rash, though rare severe issues like encephalitis are noted. The benefits of the multivalent MMR vaccine over single antigen vaccines are also summarized, such as fewer medical visits required and improved vaccine coverage rates.
Shifting paradigms in vaccinology immune modulation and sex differences explo...WAidid
Even there are very limited immunological studies to date, Professor Flanagan explains the new paradigms in vaccinology exploring sex differences:
- Vaccines have non-targeted heterologous effects on innate and adaptive immunity
- These can alter susceptibility to non-vaccine targeted infectious diseases and can alter all cause mortality
- Females are more susceptible
Professor Flanagan concludes the slideset with the need to understand mechanisms in order to exploit beneficial and avoid harmful effects.
This document summarizes changes to vaccine recommendations by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) in 2012. For polio, it recommends a phased transition from trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent OPV (bOPV) and introducing inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) using a sequential rather than combined schedule. For hepatitis B, it recommends a 0-6 weeks-6 months schedule instead of the earlier 0-6 weeks-14 weeks schedule. For influenza, it recommends using the southern hemisphere vaccine, which becomes available earlier, to provide protection against seasonal strains during India's rainy season.
This document summarizes key information about understanding vaccine reactions, including:
1. It describes common minor reactions like fever and local reactions as well as rare but more serious reactions like anaphylaxis and seizures.
2. It provides details on adverse events associated with specific vaccines such as disseminated BCG infection, brachial neuritis with the tetanus vaccine, and post-vaccination encephalitis with yellow fever.
3. It discusses immunization of special populations including recommendations for vaccinating HIV-infected individuals and contraindications.
No matter whether you are dealing with a shoulder injury, CIDP or Guillain-Barre Syndrome, their founding attorney has over 40 years of experience recovering compensation for vaccine injury victims nationwide.
The document discusses salmonella vaccines. It begins by outlining the aims of salmonella vaccination and characteristics of an ideal salmonella vaccine. It then describes different types of salmonella vaccines, including live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, and subunit vaccines. For each vaccine type, it discusses advantages, risks, methods of development and production. The document concludes by covering immunoadjuvants and their mechanisms of action in enhancing immune responses.
The document discusses various vaccines that are part of national immunization schedules. It describes the different types of vaccines including live attenuated, killed/inactivated, toxoid, conjugate and subunit vaccines. It provides details about vaccines for diseases like BCG, polio, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, measles, mumps, rubella, Hib, hepatitis B, typhoid, varicella, rotavirus and pneumococcus. It discusses the appropriate ages, doses, routes of administration, storage requirements and schedules for these vaccines. It also provides guidance on vaccination of high-risk groups and management of infants born to hepatitis B positive mothers.
This document provides information about immunization and vaccination. It discusses:
- The history of immunization beginning with Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine in 1796.
- Types of immunity including active and passive.
- Common vaccines including live, attenuated, inactivated, toxoids, and cellular/recombinant vaccines.
- Administration methods including routes, sites, needle sizes.
- Storage requirements including the cold chain to transport vaccines at low temperatures.
- Recommended vaccination schedules and booster doses.
- Potential adverse reactions and contraindications to vaccinations.
- Special vaccination considerations for occupations, health conditions, and groups like preterm infants.
This document provides information on vaccination programs and schedules in India. It discusses the launch of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in India in 1978, which aims to provide vaccines for diseases like diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis, and measles. The document then outlines the national immunization schedule recommended by the Ministry of Health and WHO, including the types of vaccines recommended at different ages from birth through adolescence. It also provides guidelines on vaccine administration, storage conditions, contraindications and common adverse effects.
The document summarizes the researchers' process of gathering information about vaccination programs from two clinics. They first visited Al-Remal Clinic where they were told to return the next day to meet with Dr. Jehad Awad. They then went to Al-Swede Clinic where a doctor explained about the program but directed them to meet with the nurse. The next day they met the nurse at Al-Swede Clinic who provided useful information, then they met with Dr. Awad at Al-Remal Clinic and received additional information.
This document provides information on various vaccines used in India's national immunization schedule. It defines key terms related to immunization and vaccination. The national schedule recommends vaccines for diseases like tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, Hib, measles, and others to be administered to infants and children at specific ages. Details are provided on vaccine names, ingredients, dosage, administration route and effectiveness. The history and achievements of immunization programs in India and globally are also summarized.
An adverse event following immunization (AEFI) is a medical event that occurs after immunization and causes concern that it may be related to the vaccine. AEFIs can range from mild side effects like fever and swelling to rare but life-threatening illnesses. Common AEFIs include mild reactions like pain, swelling, fever, and irritability, while severe reactions like seizures and anaphylaxis are rare. It is important to monitor and report AEFIs to maintain public confidence in immunization programs and identify risks to improve safety. Programmatic errors during vaccine administration, the inherent properties of vaccines, coincidental events, injection reactions, and unknown causes can all potentially lead to AEFIs.
The MMR vaccine is a live, attenuated vaccine given subcutaneously to provide protection against measles, mumps and rubella. It is recommended as a 2-dose series, with the first dose at 12-15 months and the second dose at 4-6 years. Common side effects include fever and rash. Certain high-risk groups should not receive this vaccine, including those with severe immunodeficiencies or egg allergies. There is no scientific evidence that MMR or other vaccines cause autism.
New vaccine introduction pentavalent vaccine india_b_ankuradrdduttaM
The document provides information about the introduction of the pentavalent vaccine in India. It discusses:
1) The pentavalent vaccine protects against five diseases - diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) - in one shot. Hib can cause serious infections like meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis.
2) Key facts about the Hib component include that it kills over 370,000 children annually worldwide, nearly 20% of symptomatic children die in India, and the vaccine can prevent over a third of pneumonia cases.
3) States that have introduced or plan to introduce the p
Pentavalent vaccine introduction in immunization programme in IndiaVikky3
This document provides operational guidelines for introducing the pentavalent vaccine, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), into India's routine childhood immunization program. It discusses the diseases caused by Hib, the formulation and administration of the pentavalent vaccine, its safety, efficacy, and effectiveness. It also covers storage and handling guidelines, the vaccination schedule, and issues related to introducing the new vaccine. The pentavalent vaccine will replace standalone DPT and hepatitis B vaccines and is expected to reduce Hib-related mortality and morbidity in Indian children under five years of age.
This document discusses measles, mumps, and rubella. Measles causes a rash and is spread through respiratory droplets. It can lead to complications like pneumonia or encephalitis. Mumps causes swelling of the salivary glands and is common in children ages 2-12. It spreads through respiratory droplets. Rubella, also called German measles, causes a rash and inflammation and is spread through the air or close contact. All three diseases can be prevented through routine immunization with the MMR vaccine.
Vaccination and immunisation jane renton - principal pharmacist - nhs lothianNES
This document discusses vaccination and immunization. It provides a brief history of vaccination from Jenner's development of the smallpox vaccine in 1796 to modern vaccines. Key terms like vaccination, immunization, active immunity, and passive immunity are defined. The goals and benefits of vaccination programs are outlined, including herd immunity. Challenges to vaccination like misinformation, access issues, and cold chain management are also summarized.