2. History
A 32-year-old female of Thai origin reported to the pulmonology
outpatient department with a history of productive cough ,sporadic hemoptysis,
malaise,and nighttime fever and a 12- week duration of weight loss.
She was a lifetime nonsmoker.Physical examination revealed no significant
abnormalities,and normal breath sounds were noted during auscultation.
Blood analysis showed a hemoglobin concentration of 7.1 mmol/liter,
a white blood cell count of 15.1x109 cell/liter, and a C-reactive protein
concentration of 29 mg/liter.The patient was seronegative for HIV.
A sputum sample was submitted to the microbiology laboratory for microscopy
and bacterial and mycobacterial cultures.The gram stain revealed a large number
of leukocytes but no bacteria.
3. History
Fig 1:Gram stain of expectorated sputum sample. Arrows mark two of the slender, linear unstained structures.
6. PCP Aspergillosis Pulmonary TB Lung cancer
cough Nonproductive
cough
Coughing up
blood
Coughing up
blood
Coughing up
blood
Sporadic
hemoptysis
rare + + +
malaise + + + +
Fever Fever, Night
sweats
Fever Fever, Night
sweats
Fever, Night
sweats
weight loss + + + +
Anemia - +/- + +
High WBC + + + +
Differential Diagnosis
7. Gram stain : a large number of leukocytes but no bacteria;
several slender linear unstained structures
fungi
Ghost cell
Aspergillosis
PCP
hyphae
Differential Diagnosis
12. Symptom
coughing that continues for several days
coughing up blood
fever, including low-grade, consistent fever
excessive sweating
chest pain
unexplained weight loss
fatigue
13. Who Is at Risk for TB Disease?
Risk Factor
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