The document discusses modal split and traffic assignment in transportation planning. It defines modal split as the process of separating trips by travel mode, usually expressed as a percentage of total trips. Traffic assignment involves allocating trips between zones to routes in the transportation network. Common traffic assignment methods include all-or-nothing assignment, which assigns all trips to the shortest route, and capacity restraint, which considers road capacity. The document provides examples of calculating modal split using a utility function and performing all-or-nothing traffic assignment on a sample network.
Capacity & Level of Service: Highways & Signalized Intersections (Indo-HCM)Vijai Krishnan V
This presentation gives a glimpse on estimating the capacity and Level of Service (LOS) of highway midblock sections and signalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic conditions using the Indo-HCM 2017 Manual. It also compares the Indo-HCM LOS estimation methods with US-HCM. Some practice questions are also included.
I acknowledge the co-author Ms. Sethulakshmi G (Ph. D. Scholar, NIT Surathkal) for her valuable contribution to this presentation.
Detailed description of Capacity and Level of service of Multi lane highways based on Highway Capacity Manual (HCM2010) along with one example for finding LOS of a highway
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
Capacity & Level of Service: Highways & Signalized Intersections (Indo-HCM)Vijai Krishnan V
This presentation gives a glimpse on estimating the capacity and Level of Service (LOS) of highway midblock sections and signalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic conditions using the Indo-HCM 2017 Manual. It also compares the Indo-HCM LOS estimation methods with US-HCM. Some practice questions are also included.
I acknowledge the co-author Ms. Sethulakshmi G (Ph. D. Scholar, NIT Surathkal) for her valuable contribution to this presentation.
Detailed description of Capacity and Level of service of Multi lane highways based on Highway Capacity Manual (HCM2010) along with one example for finding LOS of a highway
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
2015 D-STOP Symposium session by D-STOP researcher Steve Boyles. Watch the presentation at http://youtu.be/cO6qCwhVz8A?t=33m18s
Get symposium details: http://ctr.utexas.edu/research/d-stop/education/annual-symposium/
New Tools for Estimating Walking and Bicycling Demand
Track: Sustain
Format: 90 minute panel
Abstract: Walking and bicycling demand estimates can make a stronger case for investing in new facilities and are necessary inputs to important planning tasks. This session presents state-of-the-art tools to predict walking and bicycling demand at varying geographic scales. Tools include: 1) a framework to incorporate walking into regional travel demand models; 2) a method to estimate bicycle and pedestrian traffic based on count data; 3) new mode choice models; and 4) a web-based repository of non-motorized demand analysis tools.
Presenter(s)
Presenter: Patrick Singleton Portland State University
Co-Presenter: J. Richard (Rich) Kuzmyak Renaissance Planning Group
Co-Presenter: Greg Lindsey University of Minnesota, Humphrey School
Co-Presenter: Jeremy Raw Federal Highway Administration
Norman Garrick compares street network design from pre-1950 and post-1950, factors that help determine the overall safety of safe pedestrian travel, and explains why it is so obvious that the pandemic of sprawl development is to blame for unsafe, poorly designed, disconnected neighborhoods. Studies prove that Street Network Design has an integral role in providing safe, pedestrian friendly,and highly accessible communities. We must re-think the suburban model in order to reform emergency response.
As part of the 2014 CTR Symposium, Dr. Stephen Boyles discussed the fundamentals of dynamic traffic modeling, and the field's frontiers moving forward.
TRIP GENERATION Survey and ORIGIN / DESTINATION STUDYGrant Johnson, PE
Origin Destination Surveys OD调查…and Trip Generation Surveys…交通出行率调查
Sample Size (100 vehicles or more) of randomly selected vehicles that turned left to go south at Interchange/Intersection 8.
In this Survey:
55% of samples went south past机场高速
45% turned right onto黄山大道
Total Left Turn Vol = 1630 vph
Result: 900 vehicles (55%) go south
730 vehicles go west on黄山大道
good communication system is very for the following purposes:
1-Synchronization of controller timer at each intersection for offset implementation.
2-Exchange of traffic data between controllers.
3-Malfunction reporting from each controller to the control room.
4-Incident reporting to the control room.
exit exam preparatiomn Login code: 92566. Do not give this code to anyone, even if they say they are from Telegram!
This code can be used to log in to your Telegram account. We never ask it for anything else.
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Driving cycle tracking device development and analysis on route-to-work for K...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Driving cycle is a series of speed versus time profile used to represent driving patterns of a vehicle. research in this field guides vehicle manufacturers and environmentalists to investigate air quality through emissions. Study on driving cycle also aids manufacturers to manage vehicle emissions and to save energy released through exhaust. Also, driving cycles can provide information on road condition and driving behaviour of an individual. For that, a proper data collection method is crucial as it is solely based on real world driving. This research is an initiative to construct a prototype of driving cycle tracking device (DC-TRAD) in which it was implemented with internet-of-things (IoT) to manage big number of collected data. U-Blox global positioning system (GPS) neo 7 M sensor was used to increase the accuracy of data capturing and it was used on route-to-work for Kuala Terengganu city (RTW DC for KT city) for analysis.
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is the application of computer, electronics, and communication technologies and management strategies in an integrated manner to provide traveller information to increase the safety and efficiency of the surface transportation systems.
These systems involve vehicles, drivers, passengers, road operators, and managers all interacting with each other and the environment, and linking with the complex infrastructure systems to improve the safety and capacity of road systems.
ITS is an emerging transportation system which is comprised of an advanced information and Telecommunications network for users, roads and vehicles.
SOLVING CONGESTION BY DESIGNING OF TRAFFIC SIGNAL AT T-INTERSECTION (QAMARWAR...IAEME Publication
Rapid growth of vehicular population has resulted in traffic congestion at the intersections where there is absence of certain assets like traffic signals, shortage of lane width etc. In present study traffic studies were carried out and measurements were taken at the “Qamarwari Chowk” which is a T-Intersection in order to design traffic signal. This will help in highlighting the problems which are in turn a cause of congestion at the intersection.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
5-Modal Split & Traffic Assignment-( Transportation and Traffic Engineering Dr. Sheriff El-Badawy )
1. 1
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
Dr. Sherif El-Badawy
3rd Year Civil
Transportation and Traffic Engineering
Modal Split and Traffic
Assignment
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
Objectives & Goals
Future planning & land
use parameters
Future transport
facilities
Transportation Generation
Transportation distribution
Model split
Traffic assignment
Is the level of
service satisfactory
Are the objectives
achived
YES
YES
No
ChangeFuturetransportfacilities
No
ChangeLanduse
&policies
Present planning &
socio – economic data
Present transport
facilities
Present travel pattern
End
Survey phase
Comprehensive
Urban Transport
Planning Process
2. 2
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
3
Modal Split
Definition:
• Is the process of separating person-trips by the
mode of travel.
• Usually expressed as a fraction, ratio, or
percentage of the total number of trips.
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
4
Characteristics of the trip
Trip purpose, trip length.
Household Characteristics
Income, Car ownership, family size and composition.
Zonal Characteristics
Residential density, concentration of workers,
distance from CBD.
Network Characteristics
Accessibility ratio, travel time ratio, travel cost ratio.
Factors Affecting Modal Split
3. 3
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
5
Mode choice depends on:
• Travel time (in Vehicle + waiting)
• Travel cost
• Socio-economic status of user (income,
family size,….)
• Level of travel service (comfort, Safety,
speed, ……..)
The variable defining the model is a function
called the Utility Function
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
6
Utility Function (Multi-Nomial Logit function)
P%(m) = the probability of choosing mode (m) of transportation
e = exponential base
um = the utility function of different modes
if we assume an urban area with bus, car and taxi modes
% for bus mode will be:
% for car mode will be:
% for Taxi mode will be:
4. 4
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
7
Utility Function
The general utility function is usually of the form:
Where:
Km = mode specific constant
tm = in vehicle time (minutes-one way)
xm = out of vehicle time (minutes-one way)
d = distance (miles - one way)
cm = cost (piasters - one way)
Y= annual income (pounds)
m is A for Auto, B for Bus, T for Taxi, t for train
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
8
Considering a user choosing between two modes an auto
and a public Bus considering the following situation:
If d was 7 miles. And it
is also given that the
annual income of the user
is 3000 pounds.
BusAuto
tB= 14 mintA= 11 min
xB = 8 minxA = 5 min
cB = 50 piasterscA = 122 piasters
Example
And his value parameters as collected from data collection are:
K1 = -0.03 k2 = -0.34 k3 = -50
The values of the mode specific constants are assumed to be
kA = -0.13 kB = zero
6. 6
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
Which route
will be chosen
by the user?
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
12
Traffic Assignment
Definition: is the stage in the transportation
planning process where in the trip interchanges
are allocated to different parts of the network
forming the transportation system.
In this stage:
i. The route to be travelled is determined.
ii. The inter-zonal flows are assigned to the
selected routs.
7. 7
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
13
General principals
• All assignment techniques are based on route
selection.
• The choice of the route is made on the basis of
a number of criteria as Journey time, length,
cost, comfort, convenience, safety.
(Travel Resistance)
• Journey time is often considered the sole
criterion since length and cost can be
considered as a function of time in most cases.
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
14
Transport Link
As a first step, the highway network is described by a
system of links and nodes.
A link is a section of a highway network between two
intersections.
A node is either a centroid of a zone or the intersection of
two or more links.
8. 8
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
Link-Node Map for Highway System
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
16
Traffic Assignment
Methods
All or Nothing
Capacity
Restraint
9. 9
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
17
All or Nothing Method
Most commonly used method.
Example: Minimum Path Tree
All traffic will choose the route where the travel
resistance is least.
Travel Resistance:
• Time
• Distance
• Cost
• Generalized Cost
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
18
22
2523 24 26
15
11
18
19
20 21
16
12
17
1
13
14
(4)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2) (2)
(2) (2) (2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)(3)
(5)
(5)
Example
(3)
10. 10
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
19
Starting from centroid 1 we go to each connecting link and
choose the least travel time
T1-20 = 3 T1-17 = 3
the time is the same , if we begin with the node with lower
number node 17 is noted:
T1-17-19 = 5 T1-17-16 = 5 T1-17-16 = 6
The next closest node to centroid 1 is 20
T1-20-19 = 4 T1-20-25 = 6 T1-20-21 = 7
There are two routes to reach 19 from centroid 1, i.e. 1-17-19
and 1-20-19. the rout 1-20-19 is shorter in time, therefore is
chosen
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
20
22
2523 24 26
15
11
18
19
20 21
16
12
17
1
13
14
(4)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2) (2)
(2) (2) (2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)(3)
(5)
(5)
The process is repeated until all nodes have been
covered by the shortest path. The minimum path
tree for this highway network is given in figure
(3)
11. 11
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
All or Nothing Assignment:
• All trips are assigned on the shortest route which is the
minimum travel time, cost, distance, …..between zones.
• Simple and inexpensive to perform.
• Does not take into account the effect of traffic congestion:
• Assumes there is no travel time change due to increased traffic.
• Flow patterns could be unrealistic.
• Can be used for special cases (under saturated traffic, ..etc)
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
14 15 1613
631
232
334
444
132 1
132 1
242 1
Find the shortest path from node 1 to all other nodes (from Garber and Hoel)
Yellow numbers represent link travel times in minutes3
Here’
s
how
…
19. 19
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
7
8
6
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
14 15 1613
FINAL
1
2
4
4
4
7
6
10
8
9
9
10
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
38
Capacity Restraint Method
• Capacity restraint assignment is a process in
which the travel resistance of a link is
increased according to a relation between the
practical capacity of the link and the volumes
assigned to the link.
• Because of the iterative nature of the
calculations involved, the capacity restrained
method is carried out entirely by computer.
20. 20
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
39
Capacity Restraint Techniques
Smock Method Bureau of Public Roads Method
Where:
To original travel time
TA adjusted travel time
e exponential base
V assigned volume
C link capacity
والتكنولوجيا للهندسة العالي مصر معهد–المدنية الهندسة قسم-المنصورة
40
DHV = k * ADT
Where
DHV = Design Hourly Volume
k = Constant called Peak hour factor
ADT = Average Daily traffic
We get the required number of lanes according to the
Design Hourly Volume from the equation
No of lanes = DHV ÷ Lane capacity